Tokugawa Ieyasu

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .
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Tokugawa Ieyasu 徳川家康 . (1543 - 1616)
born as 松平竹千代 Matsudaira Takechiyo, Iyeyasu,
Naifu Dono ナイフどの / 内府（ないふ）
Taijukoo, 大樹公（徳川家康） Taiju Ko ("The Big Tree", name for a great general)


source : dur.ac.uk/mlac/japanese/tokugawa

Tokugawa Ieyasu is the founder of the Edo Shogunate, he was the first shogun and posthumously became some kind of protecting deity with his own shrine in the Nikko Mountains, north of Tokyo (an auspicious place to protect his city according to Chinese Feng-Shui Geomantic lore).
日光の東照宮 Nikko no Tosho-Gu

Here is the famous story to shed light on the temperament of the three rivaling warlords of their time:
When confronted with a nightingale in a cage, which would not sing, each had his own approach to this situation:

-- Nobunaga --
If the bird does not sing, kill it!
-- Hideyoshi --
If the bird does not sing, I will make it sing!
--- Ieyasu ---
If the bird does not sing, I will wait until it sings!

As you might imagine from the above episode, Ieyasu outlived and out-waited his opponents and then took over power, like a ripe apple falling into his hands.

Tokugawa Ieyasu was obsessed with food and medicine to prolong his life. But he also liked to try new things, like the "tempora", tempura introduced by the Portugese missionaries.

. Ieyasu and 日光の東照宮 Nikko no Tosho-Gu .



. Shinkun Iga-Goe 神君伊賀越え "The Heavenly Lord retreats via Iga" .
and Chaya Shirōjirō 茶屋四郎次郎 Chaya Shirojiro
Chaya Shirōjirō Kiyonobu 茶屋四郎次郎清信 (1545-1596) helped Ieyasu during his hasty retreat from Sakai (Osaka) via Iga to Mikawa (Aichi).
Shirojiro later got permission for the shuinsen 朱印船 "red seal Ships" .

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- - - Tokugawa Ieyasu in the WIKIPEDIA !

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shikami 顰 "Grimacing Face"

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Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) attacked the army of Takeda Shingen in the Battle of Mikatagahara against the advice of his vassals and suffered a great defeat.
It is believed that Ieyasu, who narrowly escaped to his castle, had a portrait of himself in fear made to remember that he must always listen to the comments of his vassals, as a lesson learned in this battle.



The statue in this photo is based on the portrait in this story.
- source : samuraistyle.jp facebook


- - - - - and on Jeans !
a combination of the Fudo Myo-O favored by Takeda Shingen and his enemy Tokugawa Ieyasu

信玄の守護神 武田不動尊像と家康の顰（しかみ）像



. Denim Jeans and Fudo Myo-O 不動明王 .

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Tōshōkō Goikun 東照公 御遺訓 Teaching of Tokugawa Ieyasu
Toshoko Go-Ikun

written on January 17, 1603 while he received the title of Shogun in February of the same year

人の一生は重き荷を負うて　遠き道を行くが如し　
急ぐべからず不自由を　常と思えば　不足なし
心に望みおこらば　困窮し足る時を思い出すべし
堪忍は無事長久の基
怒りを敵と思え
勝つことばかり知りて　負くるを知らざれば　害その身に至る
己を責めて　人を責むるな
及ばざるは　過ぎたるに　勝れり

Your life is like carrying full of burdens, traveling a long road,
do not hurry nor complain for lack of freedom.
When you have hope in mind, remember the poor times.
Patience is the foundation of peaceful long life.
Consider your anger as your enemy.
If you know of only victories and of no losses, the harm is within you.
Blame yourself but not others.
In so doing, eventually you will win in your life.
Tr. Yoshio Kusaba

Persuade thyself that imperfection and inconvenience are the natural lot of mortals, and there will be no room for discontent, neither for despair.
Let thy step be slow and steady, that thou stumble not.
Patience means restraining one's inclinations.
- reference source : MORE Tokugawa Ieyasu Quotes -

- reference : 東照公 御遺訓 -


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. Mikawa choo 三河町 Mikawa district, Kanda Chiyoda ward - Tokyo .
The name refers to the Mikawa region (now Aichi prefecture), where Tokugawa Ieyasu was born.
When he came to Edo in 1590, he had his 下級武士 junior Samurai retainers settle in this district.
It is one of the old districts in Edo.
In the Meiji period it got the name of 神田区三河町 Kanda Mikawa cho.
In 1953, the first sub-district became 鎌倉町 Kamakura machi, the second to fourth sub-district were merged to
神田司町 Kanda Tsukasa machi and the old name was lost.


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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

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kaibutsu 怪物 monster HOO 封（ほう）Ho Yokai


source : tyz-yokai.blog.jp/archives

When Ieyasu was still in 駿河 Suruga in the year 1609 on the fourth day of the fourth month, there appeared a strange being, a thick child, in the morning in the garden of 駿府城 Sunpu Castle. It had no fingers at his hands, pointing his arms toward heaven.
Ieyasu advised his men to chase it away to a place where humans would not see it any more, in a far away mountain forest.
Some people say this was a HOO 封（ほう）Ho Yokai and if you eat its flesh, it was a special elixir 仙薬 and you would become super-strong and fearless.


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Ise odori 伊勢踊 the Dance of Ise

This dance became quite popular after 1624. Farmers would just take off and go dancing around Japan, leaving for the Ise shrine.
Legend knows that bad things happened after such a bout of Ise Odori Dance, for example an uprising in Osaka and the death of Tokugawa Ieyasu.

The okage-mairi pilgrimage to Ise was accompanied by ecstatic dances, such as Ise-odori, okage-odori and ee-ja-nai-ka (ain't it hunky-dory) that disrupted daily life
- reference -

. hatsu Ise odori 初伊勢踊 first Ise dance .
and . Hatsu Ise 初伊勢 First visit to the Ise Shrine 　
as season words for the New Year

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Taroo inari 太郎稲荷 the Deity Taro Inari

Tachibana Sakon no Shogen 立花左近将監 with his soldiers was on his way to Korea, but ended up in 江戸の浅草観音 Edo, near the Asakusa Kannon for about 8 years.
Then one night an old man with white hair appeared in his dream and gave him an amulet, 白木の三方に祇園守. The old man was the deity 太郎稲荷 Taro Inari.
On the next day there came a messenger of Ieyasu telling him that he could go back to his homeland.

. Legends about the Asakusa 浅草 district in Edo .
太郎稲荷神社 Shrine Taro Inari Jinja and Tachibana Sakon

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Tooshooguu 東照宮の神勅 Tosho-Gu no chinshoku

Once there lived a farmer called 半七 Hanshichi in 三河国の小笠原家領内 the district of Ogasawara in Mikawa no Kuni. Many years ago he had been selling oil in the district. He had a divine message from the Tosho-Gu (Tokugawa Ieyasu), changed his name to Genseki 玄碩 and became a doctor. He prepared medicine according to the needs of each individual patient and healed many. Later when he walked around in Ise, where he had another revelation from heaven, telling him that since his own heart was pure he could heal patients so well.


source : aki-yoshida.co.jp/

Habu Genseki 土生玄碩 （1762 - 1848)
..... the Shogun's personal physician and a man celebrated for his skill in treating diseases of the eye,
and Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796-1868), a German doctor, . . . physician at the Dutch East India Company Dejima Factory. . . .
His belongings became wet dampened during a storm, and when laid out on the deck for drying, discovery was made by a Nagasaki Magistrate official of banned maps of Japan drawn by Tadataka Ino, and a Haori jacket with a hollyhock crest of the Tokugawa family, etc. During the intensive investigation that followed, Kageyasu Takahashi of the Nagasaki Magistrate, who had given the maps to Siebold, was sentenced for capital punishment.
Genseki Habu, the Shogunate doctor responsible for the Shogunate Haori, was deprived of his post, and Siebold was exiled for life out of Japan.
- source : Rio Imamura -

- - - - - the ophthalmologist Habu Genseki
- reference -

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Gunma 群馬県　 日光 Nikko

. Nikkoozan Tookooboo 日光山東光坊 - Tengu Tokobo. Toko-Bo from Mount Nikko .
Tokugawa in his incarnation as a Tengu !


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Kanagawa 神奈川県 大和市 Yamato

Fukuda village 福田村 was under the direct governance of the Tokugawa clan.

yamanba 山姥 the old mountain hag
Once there lived an old mountain hag in the village, almost like a demon (oni 鬼). People feared her and once when the cherry blossoms were in full bloom, they invited her for a party, gave her poisoned Sake and killed her.
But now she became a vengefull soul and appeared almost every night as a flickering monster light (鬼火) on the road and soon nobody passed this mountain path any more.
When Tokugawa Ieyasu came to this region, he wrote a Waka poem to appease her soul and all was good.

さがみなる 福田の里の やまんばは
いつのいつまで 夫を待つらむ

In Sagami at the village Fukuda this old woman
waiting for her husband for ever and ever



The "old mountain hag" was Ito, 小林大玄の妻（イト） the wife of Kobayashi Daigen (a doctor and mountain priest)
of a special group of nine people to develop the area of Fukuda, 福田開拓九人衆 . He had wandered off to see more of Japan and his wife was left all alone in Yamato in great dispair.
She was later appeased at the temple 建長寺 Kencho-Ji in Kamakura
この‘山姥’とは . . .
- reference source : blog.ap.teacup.com/hazuki69 -




Yamato, Fukuda district, temple 蓮慶寺 Renkei-Ji
The statue 木造優婆尊尼座像 represents Ito from the Yamanba legend. Now she is venerated as a deity to help bring up healthy children.
- reference source : blogs.yahoo.co.jp/pokochino6324 -


The story of Kobayashi Ito 小林糸
who liked to drink Sake quite a lot and waited for her husband.



- source : c-yanagibashi/index -

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Nagano 長野県

hakuba no tatari 白馬の祟り the curse of the White Horse
Once there was a dappled gray horse with four white spots, called ソウゼン Sozen.
When the horse turned 8 years, its hair became all white and it seemed cursed. The warlord who had fought with a minister of Ieyasu was defeated and lost his life, together with the white horse, in battle.
Since then a white horse was feared in the village. To appease its soul a stone memorial was put up and regular rituals held there.


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Shizuoka 静岡県　
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Shizuoka, 安倍川 River Abekawa



Abekawa Mochi 安倍川餅 rice cakes from Abekawa river, sprinkled with white sugar (a rarity in the Edo period) and with kinako 黄粉 soy bean flour
Once eaten by Tokugawa Ieyasu, after he had retired as Shogun. The local producers told him the yellow kinako was really gold powder.

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Shizuoka, Ryoogoochi 両河内村 Ryogochi Mura in Yoshiwara district, Shimizu 清水市吉原地区

Yoshiwaraji 善原寺 Yoshiwara-Ji
925 Yoshiwara, Shimizu Ward, Shizuoka

Yakushi san 薬師さん - 吉原の薬師堂 Yoshiwara no Yakushi-Do
This temple is famous for its Yakushi Nyorai, healing eye disease.
And in the Yoshiwara district are various tales about Ieyasu.

. Yakushidoo 吉原の薬師堂 Yoshiwara no Yakushi-Do .
大平の薬師様 Yakushi Sama in Ohira village. Ieyasu has his eyes healed.
吉原 Yoshiwara Town in Eastern Shizuoka.

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地元の善原寺には家康の娘・萬姫の眼病平癒の信仰譚も伝わる。家康が萬姫のために大平の薬師如来に参詣しようとしたが、日が暮れたので、ここ吉原にとどまって住職に祈祷を依頼したというものである。
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吉原や平山の家康伝説 Legends about Yoshiwara and Ieyasu at Hirayama
ところで吉原地区には徳川家康にまつわる伝説が多い。曵尾 (hikyoo) という地名は、家康が「比興な奴」(hikyoo) といったことから生まれたという話である。
また、鉄砲の上手な人がいて、家康の狩の勢子をしたという。ほかにも家康が身を清めて祈願したという清水があった庄司沢や権現様などの地名が残る。
もっとも家康伝説は吉原地区のみではない。静岡市の平山地区や瀬名地区にもいくつかある。たとえば、平山には家康が狩に来たという話がある。
また、歩けなくなるまで歩いた範囲の土地を与えるといった家康の言葉を信じて、そのとおりに首尾よく広い土地を得た地元民の話もある。これは瀬名地区の話だが、トルストイの民話に似ている。
平山地区では駿府城の石垣に組む石は長尾川から運び出したといわれている。家康伝説は、この事実と関連があるのかとも考えられる。
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吉原の薬師堂にまつわる多くの疑問 About the Yakushi Hall in Yoshiwara
だが吉原地区の場合にはやや異質である。平山や瀬名のような単純な家康伝説ではないのだ。
善原寺のかたわらに建つ薬師堂の本尊・薬師如来は、全国的に広がる薬師信仰とどう重なるのか、あるいは萬姫(家康にこのような名の娘がいたという史料はない)の眼病治癒の伝説も、眼の仏としてこれまた日本の広い範囲に分布する薬師信仰とどう結びつくのか。
そして何よりも、これらが家康の薬師如来説や申し子説と関わりはないのか、など疑問は尽きないのである。
善原寺の山門をくぐると階段があり、これを登り詰めたところに薬師堂が建つ。いわば山門から一直線の位置に薬師堂があるのだ。そして寺の本堂は階段の右手にあたる位置にある。見方によっては、山門と薬師堂とが一体の伽藍配置なのである。
ふつう、山門の後方には本堂があるというのが、我々が歴史で得た寺の建物配置についての知識である。四天王寺式とか法隆寺式というのがそれである。
ところがその本堂にあたる位置に薬師堂が建っている。これはどう考えるべきなのだろう。
薬師堂の偏額には「瑠璃界」と書かれている。朝鮮通信使の筆という。瑠璃界とは薬師如来の住む浄土である。
そういえば、善原寺は清水市興津の臨済宗清見寺の未である。その清見寺には江戸時代、朝鮮通信使がしばしば立ち寄っている。ここには戦国時代に人質の身だった家康が住んでいた。そして、寛文縁起と樽系図は家康に忠誠を誓った書という一面を持っているのである。
私にはこれら一連の疑問に答える能力はまったくない。速断が許されるべき問題ではない。だからこれからの課題として残しておくことにしよう。
- reference : diycc.info/taki -

. Yakushipedia ABC-Index 薬師如来 Yakushi Nyorai Bhaisajyaguru .

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ten yori kuru to iu mono 天より来ると云ふ者 Someone coming from Heaven
In the garden of 駿府城 Sunpu Castle
something strange appeared, with four fingers on each limb, worn and torn robes and eating only green frogs.
When asked where it has come from, it said "From Heaven!"
The servants wanted to kill it, but Ieyasu told them to bring it outside and let it go.


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Tokyo 東京都

sennin no moji 仙人の文字 letters of Saint Torakichi
In the year 1580 Ieyasu went hunting. He found four letters on the back of a feather of a crane he had shot down. When he showed them to 虎吉 Saint Torakichi, he told them they were four letters of a spell he used to chant constantly.

. Sendoo Torakichi 仙童寅吉 Sendo Torakichi .
Torakichi, the Tengu apprentice

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Tokyo, 渋谷区 Setagaya

Oman enoki おまん榎 hackberry tree of Lady O-Man
The wife of Ieyasu, O-Man no Kata おまんの方 （お万の方）, once suffered from a toothache. The priest from temple 千寿院 Senju-In took a branch from the enoki 榎 Chinese hackberry tree and made a toothpick out of it. When she put that toothpick in her mouth, she was cured very fast.
The tree is now one of the 千駄ヶ谷の七不思議 seven wonders of Sandagaya .

Senjuuin 仙寿院（せんじゅいん、法霊山仙寿院東漸寺）
- source : wikipedia -

. Edo Nana Fushigi 江戸七不思議 The Seven Wonders of Edo　.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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"Tiger Daruma" 寅童子の化身、徳川家康 with reference to Ieyasu
Ieyasu was born in the year of the tiger, on the day of the tiger and in the hour of the tiger.

- - - - - Read the story here in my blog :
. Hooraiji 鳳来寺 Horai-Ji, Aichi .


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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

Ieyasu Ki 家康忌 Ieyasu Memorial Day
元和2年4月17日（1616年6月1日）June 1

Nikkoo Tooshooguu sai
日光東照宮祭 (にっこうとうしょうぐうさい)
Festival at Toshogu in Nikko
Nikkoo sai 日光祭（にっこうさい）Nikko festival
Tooshooguu sai 東照宮祭（とうしょうぐうさい）Toshogu festisval
yoinarisai 宵成祭（よいなりさい）"coming on the night before"
togyosai 渡御祭（とぎょさい）"honorable parade of the main deity"
May 17, 18

. WKD : Tokugawa Ieyasu .



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家康忌老歯さながら城の石
百合山羽公

久能山に雲こそかかれ家康忌
鳥羽しのぶ

家康の魂ひやゝかに杉木立
正岡子規 Masaoka Shiki

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]- - - - - #tokugawaieyasu #ieyasu #shinkun - - - -
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Bakurocho

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
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Bakurochoo, Bakuro-chō 馬喰町 Bakurocho
日本橋　Nihonbashi Bakurocho



This is quite an old district of Edo.
The head horse dealers 高木源兵衛 Takagi Genbei （Takagi Genbe'e）and 富田半七 Tomita Hanshichi lived there since about 1580. They also traded in cattle.

BAKURO refers to a place for horse riding and horse trading (馬市). It soon became known as a district of inns (hatago　旅籠) where people prepared for their trips out of Edo, buying supplies and gifts of all kinds. From here the Road to Oshu（奥州 街道 Oshu Kaido ) started.
(In the busiest times there were about 40 Hatago inns.)
Therefore there are many wholesale stores in the district, which had four sections.
Section 4 馬喰町四 leads over to Asakusabashi Bridge.
There were also special kujiyado 公事宿　(accomodations for people who came to Edo for trials of lawsuits)
- see below.



Bakurocho was the area where Tokugawa Ieyasu kept a few hundred horsed to prepare for
Sekigahara 関ヶ原出陣 the Battle of Sekigahara.
bakuro 馬工郎 is the old name for the horse owners and traders, who came to live there.
In the nearby districts of 大伝馬町 Odenmacho and 小伝馬町 Kodenmacho there lived more
umakata 馬方 "horse men" in the service of the Bakufu.

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馬喰町馬場 - - Bakuro-chō (馬喰町), which in ancient times was written as 博労町, was the site of a horse market.
It stretched from 1 chōme to 4 chōme, and on the north side of 3 chōme,
there was a parade ground called "hatsune no baba" 初音の馬場 (also known as 追回しの馬場 "oimawashi no baba").
From the mid-Edo period onward, a number of inns were built in the area,
and there was the publication of an Edo tourist guide
which set Bakuro-chō as the starting point.
The site was in what is now Bakuro-chō 1 chōme, Nihonbashi.
. Tokyo Metropolitan Library .

The mansions of Bakufu officials dealing with the "eight districts of Kanto", Kan Hasshu 関八州の幕府直轄領 were also located in Bakurocho.



Utagawa Hiroshige: Hatsune Riding Ground
馬喰町 初音の馬場　Hatsune no Baba
This is one of the oldest Horse Grounds in Edo.

The print shows the shop of Murasakiya 紫屋染物店, a cloth dyer,
and
a high hi no mi yagura 火の見櫓 watch tower for fires. The large empty space was a special place to prevent fires from spreading (hiyoke chi 火除け地).



. umakata 馬方 "horse person" .
the owner of the horse or a servant in charge.

bakuroo choo 博労町
An old spelling is bakuroo choo 博労町
bakuroo 博労 Bakuro dealers of horses (馬の善し悪しを鑑定し、売買・仲介をする人)


Close to Bakurocho is also
Yokoyamachoo 日本橋 横山町 Nihonbashi Yokoyama-chō .
Bakuro-Yokoyama is a now district in Tokyo Shitamachi.

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Yamanote (山の手, "mountain's hand(s)") and Shitamachi (下町, "under city")
are traditional names for two areas of Tokyo, Japan. Yamanote refers to the affluent, upper-class areas of Tokyo west of the Imperial Palace. While citizens once considered it as consisting of Hongo, Koishikawa, Ushigome, Yotsuya, Akasaka, Aoyama and Azabu in the Bunkyō, Shinjuku, and Minato wards,[1] its size has grown to include the Nakano, Suginami and Meguro wards. Shitamachi is the traditional name for the area of Tokyo including today the Adachi, Arakawa, Chiyoda (in part), Chūō, Edogawa, Kōtō, Sumida, and Taitō wards, the physically low part of the city along and east of the Sumida River.
The two regions
have always been vaguely defined, as their identity was more based on culture and caste than on geography. While Tokugawa vassals of the warrior caste (hatamoto and gokenin) lived in the hilly Yamanote, lower castes (merchants and artisans) lived in the marshy areas near the sea. This dual class and geographic division has remained strong through the centuries while evolving with the times, and is still in common use today. Indeed, the two terms are now used also in other parts of the country. The term Yamanote still indicates a higher social status, and Shitamachi a lower one, even though de facto this is not always true.
Both the Yamanote and the Shitamachi have grown gradually over the years, and the map above shows them as they are today.
- - - - - Yamanote - - - - - - snip -
- - - - - Shitamachi - - - - -
The term originally indicated just the three areas of Kanda, Nihonbashi and Kyōbashi but, as the city grew, it came to cover also the areas mentioned above. Shitamachi was the center of Edo, so much so that the two were often thought of as coterminous. While Shitamachi was not in fact synonymous with Edo, there was originally a certain "conflation" of the two terms, and those born in Shitamachi are typically considered true Edokko, children of Edo. This conflation is evident in the Edo period habit of saying "I am going to Edo" to mean going from the area around Fukagawa in Kōtō ward to anywhere east of the Sumida river.
While the Yamanote grew west on the Musashino Plateau, in time the Shitamachi expanded east beyond the Arakawa river, and now includes the Chūō, Kōtō (Fukagawa), Sumida, and Taitō wards, plus part of Chiyoda ward.
The center of Ueno in Taitō lies at the heart of the old Shitamachi and still has several museums and a concert hall. Today the immediate area, due to its close proximity to a major transportation hub, retains high land value. The Shitamachi Museum in Ueno is dedicated to the area's way of life and culture, with models of old environments and buildings.[9]
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

Centered around the castle of Edo, the main areas were
. joonan 城南 Jonan, south of the castle . - Shinagawa
and
Joohoku 城北 Johaku, north of the castle
Joosai 城西 Josai, west of the castle


. Taito-ku 台東区 Shitamachi Museum .

. Shitamachi 下町 "the low city" .


- 山手線29駅各駅の魅力を探る names of 29 stations of the Yamanote sen train.
- reference source : homes.co.jp/cont/town... -

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. Edo Nana Fushigi 江戸七不思議 The Seven Wonders of Edo　 .


Bakurocho Nana Fushigi 馬喰町七不思議 Seven Wonders of Bakurocho

鼠に似た怪しい異国の獣 - a strange beast from a foreign country, looking like a rat / mouse
卵を生む女房 a woman who was laying eggs (like a hen)
犬の珍しい行為 a dog who behaved in strange ways
天水桶の溺死 someone drowned in a rain water barrel
仲裁後の手傷 hand wound after the arbitration
三日月井戸の暗号 the code of the sickle moon well
先祖の因縁がめぐる御霊社詣 visiting shrines with attachments to the ancestors



馬喰町妖獣殺人事件
風野真知雄 Kazeno Machio (1951 - )

訴訟でやってくる者たちが泊まる〈公事宿〉のひしめく日本橋馬喰町。お裁きがまさに始まろうとした御白州で、獣に食いつかれたような傷を残して公事師が突然死んだ。〝マミ〟が出たという騒ぎ、卵を産んだ女房、三日月井戸. . . 馬喰町七不思議のなかに隠された巨大な悪事に根岸備前守が挑む。
source : ganken.jp/nittoweb/2014


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kujiyado, kuji yado 公事宿（くじやど）lawsuit inn
"lawyers' inn”, suit inn, litigation inn, Gasthaus für Litiganten


公事宿 裏始末４　孤月の剣 / 氷月葵

There were cases where managers and assistant managers of kujiyado were acting as kujishi 公事師, or kujishi were employed by kujiyado (雇下代).
Kujishi is a Japanese term used to refer to persons who would stand in for the relevant parties involved in a lawsuit in the Edo period.

- quote -
In the Edo period, legal matters were taken care of at kujiyado (litigation inns). The owners of these inns were the equivalent of lawyers. Mostly they dealt with disputes over money. Of the 35,000 civil suits that were addressed in 1718, about 33,000 of them involved money.
- reference : factsanddetails.com/japan -

- reference : edo kujiyado -

- quote -
公事訴訟や裁判のために地方から来た者を宿泊させた江戸時代の宿屋。
公事人宿・出入宿・郷宿 Goyado・御用宿 Goyoyado とも呼ばれた。
「公事宿」という名称は主に江戸の宿屋に用いられ、地方の城下町や代官所の陣屋近くにあった宿屋は「郷宿」（ごうやど）と呼ばれることが多かった。両者を総称して「御用宿」（ごようやど）ともいう。また、江戸の公事宿は旅人宿と百姓宿に分けられるが、両者をまとめて江戸宿と呼ぶこともあった。大坂では、大坂町奉行所の御用を勤めた御用宿を用達（ようたし）と呼んだ。
江戸の公事宿は、馬喰町小伝馬町旅人宿、八拾弐軒百姓宿、三拾軒百姓宿（三拾組百姓宿）、それに十三軒組があり、それぞれ仲間組織を形成し、独占営業権を与えられていた。旅人宿は町奉行所と、八拾弐軒組は公事方勘定奉行所、
三拾軒組は馬喰町御用屋敷とそれぞれ密接な関係にあり、百姓宿はそれぞれの役所の近辺に建てられていることが多かった。三拾軒組は関東郡代との結びつきも強く、また八拾弐軒組は評定所・勘定奉行所の出火駆付御用も務めた。三組の仲間組織は、それぞれが役目・権益にまつわる由緒をもち、またそれぞれ得意客のいる縄張りも抱えていた。
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. hatago (旅籠, 旅篭) lodgings in Edo .
They were also called hatagoya (旅籠屋).

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秋の蚊の声や地下鉄馬喰町
aki no ka no koe ya chikatetsu Bakurocho

the voice of
mosquitoes in autumn - underground station
Bakurocho
Tr. Gabi Greve

Oogushi Akira 大串章 Ogushi Akira (1937 - )



Bakuro Yokoyama Subway Station

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


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- - - - - #bakurocho #kujiyado #yamanote #shitamachi - - - -
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Tenryo Government Land

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .
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tenryoo, tenryō 天領 Tenryo Government Land "Land of Heaven"
bakuryoo　幕領　Bakuryo government land, bakufu-owned land
bakufu chokkatsu chi 政府直轄地 / bakufu chokkatsu ryoo 幕府直轄領
shogun's direct holdings, personal land- holdings, personal fief of the Tokugawa



- quote
Tenryō, gundai and daikan
The shogun directly held lands in various parts of Japan. These were known as bakufu chokkatsuchi; since the Meiji period, the term tenryō has become synonymous.
In addition to the territory that Ieyasu held prior to the Battle of Sekigahara, this included lands he gained in that battle and lands gained as a result of the Summer and Winter Sieges of Osaka. By the end of the seventeenth century, the shogun's landholdings had reached four million koku. Such major cities as Nagasaki and Osaka, and mines, including the Sado gold mine, also fell into this category.
- source : wikipedia

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. Ashio doozan 足尾銅山 Ashio Dozan, Ashio Copper Mine . - Tochigi
and Besshi doozan 別子銅山 Bessgu copper mine, Ehime

. Gyotoku enden 行徳塩田 Gyotoku salt fields in Chiba .

. Hita 日田市 - Bungo no Kuni Hita 豊後国日田 . Oita
Hita Tenryo Matsuri　日田天領まつり　Hita Tenryo Festival
Tenryo Hita Hina Doll Festival　天領日田雛まつり


. Iwami Ginzan 石見銀山　Silver Mines at Iwami, Shimane .

. Sadokoku Sado koku 佐渡国 Sado Province .


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信濃の天領陣屋 Jinya Government Building in Shinano
江戸幕府の天領 - 村上直
天領（江戸幕府直轄領）研究の第一人者である村上直氏が、全国的な観点から天領を捉える。天領の設定と存在意義、天領の開発と代官頭、関東と畿内の天領、天領の地域的分布、天領と代官支配、幕府の職掌分化と代官、代官と遠国奉行などについて解説する。
- source : town.iijima.lg.jp -


- quote -
天領という用語は、
明治初期に旧幕府直轄領が天皇の御料（直轄領）になったときに天領と呼ばれるようになったため、さかのぼって幕府時代のものも天領と通称するようになったもので、江戸時代に使われていた用語ではない。江戸時代には支配所　shihaisho（しはいしょ、しはいじょ）、支配処（しはいしょ、しはいじょ）と呼んだ。また通称で御料 goryo（ごりょう）、御料所 goryosho（ごりょうしょ、ごりょうじょ）、御料地 goryochi（ごりょうち）、公儀御料 kogi oryo （こうぎごりょう）などとも呼ばれた。
なお、現在では幕府領、幕領という語が用いられることもあり、その中に旗本知行地（約300万石）も含めて呼ばれることもある。
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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CLICK for more types of Sake and even Tenryo water!

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天領の空かがやかす雉の綺羅
tenryo no sora kagayakasu kiji no kira

the glittering
of the pheasant brings a shine
to the "Land of Heaven "
Tr. Gabi Greve

Endoo Masako 遠藤正子 Endo Masako

. WKD : kiji　雉 pheasant .
- - kigo for all spring - -


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. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]- - - - - #edobakufu #tenryo #bakuryo - - - -
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bakuhan system

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bakuhan 幕藩 Bakuhan feudal system

The bakuhan taisei 幕藩体制 was the feudal political system in the Edo period of Japan.
Baku, or "tent," is an abbreviation of bakufu, meaning "military government" — that is, the shogunate.
The han were the domains headed by daimyo.

. bakufu 幕府 The Edo Government and Administration .



The Tokugawa (or Edo) period brought 250 years of stability to Japan. The political system evolved into what historians call bakuhan, a combination of the terms bakufu and han (domains) to describe the government and society of the period. In the bakuhan, the shogun had national authority and the daimyo had regional authority.
This represented a new unity in the feudal structure, which featured an increasingly large bureaucracy to administer the mixture of centralized and decentralized authorities. The Tokugawa became more powerful during their first century of rule: land redistribution gave them nearly seven million koku, control of the most important cities, and a land assessment system reaping great revenues.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- quote
Tokugawa Political System
The Tokugawa political system was perhaps the most complex feudal system ever developed. It was similar to the European feudal system (pope, emperor or king, feudal barons, and retainers in Europe compared to emperor, the shogun, the daimyo, and samurai retainers in Japan), but it was also very bureaucratic, an attribute not associated with European feudalism.

This political system was called the bakuhan system. Baku comes from bakufu which was the government the Tokugawa leaders used to administer their private affairs inside their own fief. Han means domain and refers to the 250-plus domains that existed throughout the Edo period. Thus, bakuhan refers to the co-existence of the Tokugawa government with separate, independent governments in each of the fiefs. Since each daimyo was a retainer of the shogun, the bakufu or shogunate had some power across all of Japan. This was not a federal system or even a centralized hierarchy of political authorities; rather, it was a system in which two levels of government existed with a high degree of independence.

The Tokugawa shogunate was very much like any domainal government in that it was responsible first for the administration of a limited territory, the fief of the Tokugawa house. As such, it concerned itself with controlling the samurai class, collecting taxes (primarily on agriculture), maintaining civil order, defending the fief, controlling the cities, encouraging commerce and manufacturing which were required by the fief, limiting undesirable types of commerce and so on. In most domains, the scope of government was similar. In fact, as the Edo period wore on, most domains copied the system of the shogunate.

The Tokugawa shogunate also had responsibilities and concerns which went beyond those of ordinary domains; the Tokugawa shoguns were, after all, hegemons presiding over a whole country.

The Tokugawa government alone dealt with the imperial court, the imperial nobility and the emperor himself. The emperor was the source of legitimacy since the office of shogun was an imperial appointment. Furthermore, Confucianism which was the official ideology of the Tokugawa house during the Edo period focused attention on the emperor. Thus, the Tokugawa shogunate established a monopoly on access to the imperial court. As the period wore on, the monopoly was breached, but it is essentially true that the Tokugawa controlled and manipulated the court for its own purposes.

The shogunate held a near monopoly over foreign trade and foreign affairs. The trade monopoly was important because significant profits were available to the Tokugawa alone. Foreign trade was also permitted through Satsuma domain to the Ryukyu kingdom (Okinawa) and through Tsushima domain to Korea, but generally speaking diplomatic matters were closely controlled by the Tokugawa.

Foreign relations were crucial because control of them made a statement to the political public that the Tokugawa house was in control of all aspects of government; it was an additional source of legitimacy. In line with this, the Tokugawa shogunate restricted diplomatic contact by prohibiting any Europeans except the Dutch from coming to Japan after 1639; this was the policy of national seclusion (sakoku). But even seclusion was an exercise of power which impressed observers and encouraged submission.

Perhaps the most important role of the shogunate was control of the domains, the han. This was precisely what had been lacking in the Warring States period, the ability of central authority to enforce peace. During the forty years before the Edo period, the three unifiers, Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu, evolved a system which proved increasingly capable of ensuring the loyalty and obedience of vassals. The Tokugawa shogunate took this previous experience and honed it to perfection.

Elements of this system included a police and spy network which reported any suspicious activity by samurai or daimyo. Daimyo were required to report any proposed marriage alliances between domains to the shogunate for approval. Contact between domains was prohibited to reduce opportunities for plotting against the shogunate. The number of castles, their size and their strength were very strictly limited.

The shogunate could punish daimyo for transgressions in a variety of ways; a domain could be reduced in size, the daimyo could be shifted to an entirely different domain, or, the ultimate sanction, suicide could be demanded, perhaps with the additional punishment of his lineage being reduced in status to a non-daimyo level.

The most important aspect of the system of controlling the han was the sankin-kotai system, or the system of alternate residence in Edo. This grew out of the Warring States period practice of demanding high-ranking hostages from vassals or allies to guarantee good behavior. The founder of the shogunate, Tokugawa Ieyasu, was himself a hostage for nearly 13 years as a young boy.

The Tokugawa, however, formalized the keeping of hostages. They established rules which specified for each daimyo a period of time every year (or two or three) during which the daimyo must live in Edo. The daimyo’s family would have to live in Edo when the daimyo returned to his domain, so that the one stood hostage for the other.

Not only did this provide hostages, but it also placed an economic burden on the daimyo which drained away resources that otherwise might have gone into military preparations against the shogunate. The daimyo had to maintain a large residence and support facilities in Edo as well as in their domain. They also had to travel to and from Edo along a route dictated by the shogunate. Most traveled on the Tokaido because the Nakasendo was used by the imperial court, but the overall burden was spread between the two roads. The whole system consumed about 25% of the income available to most daimyo.

The shogunate was only one part of the bakuhan system, however; the domains were the other. The domains were independent with regard to their internal arrangements as long as there was no conflict with the shogunate’s interests. In practice, the domains voluntarily duplicated the shogunate’s system of government to a large degree because the interests and problems of a daimyo at his level were similar to those of the shogunate: how to maintain stability and order. Furthermore, the powers which the shogunate exercised over the domains had the effect of forcing the domains to behave in much the same manner since they were facing the same requirements.

For example, all substantial domains maintained commercial operations in Osaka, the national market, in order to sell rice and other commodities so as to raise the cash required by the alternate attendance system. This standardization did much to reduce regional differences and potential antagonisms throughout the Edo period.

Like the shogunate, the daimyo had a high interest in pacifying and controlling their subjects and the samuraiin general. During the late 16th Century, Toyotomi Hideyoshi disarmed the peasants through a series of sword hunts with the intention of reducing their contribution to turmoil and to pin them to agricultural activity alone. In the years after 1588, samurai were progressively removed from their independent fiefs in the countryside and brought into the daimyos’ castle towns to live. The samurai became separated from the peasantry both in social role and place of residence.
- source : nakasendoway.com


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. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]- - - - - #edobakufu 　#bakuhan - - - -
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Bakufu Edo Government

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. Edo Bakufu - articles .
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Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government and Administration
Tokugawa bakufu 徳川幕府 Tokugawa Government



- quote
The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the
Tokugawa bakufu (徳川幕府) and
the Edo bakufu (江戸幕府), was the last feudal Japanese military government which existed between 1603 and 1867.
The heads of government were the shoguns, and each was a member of the Tokugawa clan. The Tokugawa shogunate ruled from Edo Castle and the years of the shogunate became known as the Edo period. This time is also called the Tokugawa period or pre-modern (Kinsei (近世)).

The bakuhan taisei (幕藩体制) was the feudal political system in the Edo period of Japan. Baku, or "tent," is an abbreviation of bakufu, meaning "military government" — that is, the shogunate. The han were the domains headed by daimyo.

1 History
2 Government
2.1 Shogunate and domains
2.2 Shogun and the Emperor
2.3 Shogun and foreign trade
2.4 Shogun and Christianity

3 Institutions of the shogunate
3.1 Rōjū and wakadoshiyori (roojuu, roju 老中)
3.2 Ōmetsuke and metsuke (oometsuke 大目付)
3.3 San-bugyō (san bugyoo) - three administrators
3.4 Tenryō, gundai and daikan (Tenryo　天領）
3.5 Gaikoku bugyō (gaikoku bugyoo)

4 Late Tokugawa Shogunate (1853–1867)
5 List of the Tokugawa shoguns
- source : wikipedia

karoo 家老 Karo, chief retainer
He stayed at the domain and looked after the regional affairs on behalf of the Daimyo.

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Bakuchoo Sensoo　幕長戦争 Bakucho Senso war
between the Bakufu and the 長州 Choshu Domain
Chōshū Rebellion
also called 長州征討 Choshu Seito, 長州征伐, 長州出兵, 長州戦争
In the Kinmon Incident on 20 August 1864, troops from Chōshū Domain attempted to take control of Kyoto and the Imperial Palace in order to pursue the objective of Sonnō Jōi. This also led to a punitive expedition by the Tokugawa government, the First Chōshū expedition (長州征討).
第一次長州征討 First Chōshū expedition
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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幕府放鷹制度 rules about takagari 鷹狩り hawk hunting, falconry (BF)
. takagari 鷹狩 hunting with hawks and falcons .

bakufu kansen 幕府艦船 Bakufu ships (BF)
bakufu kansenn　幕府官船

. bakufu goyootashi 幕府御用達 craftsmen working for the Bakufu government .

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. bakuhan taisei 幕藩体制 Bakuhan system .

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Bakumatsu 幕末　end period of the Bakufu (1853 - 1867)

. Bakumatsu 幕末 写真　photo collection .

. Bakumatsu aera 幕末の人　 people visiting Japan (1853 - 1867) .

幕末のジャーナリズムー　Bakumatsu Jurnalism
. kawaraban　瓦版 Edo newspaper, handbill, broadside .

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. bakuryoo　幕領　Bakuryo government land, bakufu-owned land, .
bakufu chokkatsu chi 政府直轄地 / bakufu chokkatsu ryoo 幕府直轄領
shogun's direct holdings, personal land- holdings, personal fief of the Tokugawa
tenryoo, tenryō 天領 Tenryo Government Land "Land of Heaven"


. mizubugyoo, mizu bugyō　水奉行 Waterworks administrator .

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A Shogun (将軍 Shōgun) "general", lit. "military commander"
was a hereditary military dictator in Japan during the period from 1192 to 1867, with some caveats. In this period, the shoguns were the de facto rulers of the country, although nominally they were appointed by the Emperor as a formality. The Shogun held almost absolute power over territories through military means, in contrast to the concept of a colonial governor in Western culture who was appointed by a king.
Sei-i Taishōgun (征夷大将軍, "Commander-in-Chief of the Expeditionary Force Against the Barbarians"
..... in reality shōguns dictated orders to everyone including the reigning Emperor.
Kamakura shogunate (1192–1333)
Ashikaga shogunate (1336–1573)
Tokugawa shogunate (1603–1868)
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

shoogun senge 　将軍宣下 appointment to shogun
imperial authorization for shogunal investiture

江戸幕府の征夷大将軍‎ The Tokugawa Shoguns

Tokugawa Ieyasu 徳川家康　(1543–1616) - the first Shogun
..... He received the title sei-i taishōgun in 1603
Tokugawa Hidetada 徳川秀忠　(1579–1632)
Tokugawa Iemitsu 徳川家光　(1604–1651)
Tokugawa Ietsuna 徳川家綱　(1641–1680)
Tokugawa Tsunayoshi 徳川綱吉　(1646–1709)

Tokugawa Ienobu 徳川家宣　(1662–1712)
Tokugawa Ietsugu 徳川家継　(1709–1716)
Tokugawa Yoshimune 徳川吉宗　(1684–1751)
Tokugawa Ieshige 徳川家重　(1712–1761)
Tokugawa Ieharu 徳川家治　(1737–1786)

Tokugawa Ienari　徳川家斉　(1793–1853)
Tokugawa Ieyoshi 徳川家慶　(1793-1853)
Tokugawa Iesada 徳川家定　(1824–1858)
Tokugawa Iemochi 徳川家茂 (1846–1866)
Tokugawa Yoshinobu 徳川慶喜 (1837–1913) - the last Shogun

Tokugawa Tsunenari 徳川恆孝 (1940 - ) the 18th generation
His son, Tokugawa Iehiro , is a University of Michigan-educated translator.

- Tokugawa Branch Families
Tokugawa Mitsukuni of the Mito domain
Tokugawa Nariaki of the Mito domain
Tokugawa Mochiharu of the Hitotsubashi branch
Tokugawa Munetake of the Tayasu branch.

- - - - - The Matsudaira clan (松平氏 Matsudaira-shi)
Matsudaira Motoyasu changed his name to Tokugawa Ieyasu
Other branches were formed in the decades after Ieyasu, which bore the Matsudaira surname. Some of those branches were also of daimyo status.
Matsudaira Katamori of the Aizu branch.
Matsudaira Sadanobu, of Shirakawa
- - - - - 4 Key genealogies
4.1 Main line (Tokugawa shogun)
4.2 Hoshina-Matsudaira clan (Aizu)
4.3 Yūki-Matsudaira clan (Echizen) - Fukui Domain and Tsuyama Domain
4.4 Ochi-Matsudaira clan (Hamada)
4.5 Hisamatsu-Matsudaira clan (Kuwana)
4.6 Ogyū-Matsudaira clan (Okutono)
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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tairoo, tairō 大老 Tairo "Great Elder" - chief councillor
roughly comparable to the office of prime minister.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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A COMPLICATED PATCHWORK
The system for maintaining law and order during the Edo period differed fundamentally from our modern system in that law enforcement and criminal justice were carried out by the same organs. That is to say, one agency or office carried out the functions that are today performed separately by police, prosecutors, and the courts. This means that the administrative and judicial functions of government were merged rather than deliberately separated as they are in modern democratic states.

Although the Tokugawa shogunate held sway over the daimyô (lords) of all the country’s domains, the administration of each of these domains was left to the individual daimyô; in principle, the shogunate administered only its own domains. However, since the administrative apparatus of each domain, including law enforcement and criminal justice, closely resembled the system established by the shogunate, an examination of the latter system should be sufficient to provide an overview of law enforcement in the Edo period.

The top administrative post under the shôgun was that of rôjû, or senior councillors. (At times a tairô, or chief councillor, was appointed as a superior to the rôjû, but this was not a permanent post.) Typically, the shogunate appointed four or five rôjû from among the fudai daimyô, lords of the domains that Ieyasu, the first Tokugawa shôgun, had originally granted to his loyal vassals in the early seventeenth century. The rôjû generally took turns managing the shogunate’s administrative affairs according to a monthly rotation system, although they came together to confer on matters of importance. Ranking just below the rôjû were the wakadoshiyori, or junior councillors. They were also chosen from among the fudai daimyô and likewise served according to a monthly rotation. Since the rôjû and wakadoshiyori together made up the top administrative organ of the Tokugawa government, they were inevitably involved in matters pertaining to law enforcement and criminal justice, whether directly or indirectly.

Next in importance in the central administrative apparatus were the metsuke (inspectors) and ômetsuke (inspectors general), whose main job was to monitor and control the activities of the ruling warrior class. The ômetsuke, reporting directly to the rôjû, monitored the daimyô, while the metsuke, who were under the supervision of the wakadoshiyori, focused on the shôgun’s direct retainers—the hatamoto, or bannermen, and the gokenin, or housemen. Both were selected from among the hatamoto. With its reliance on peer monitoring, the metsuke system might be compared to the military police of a modern army or the internal affairs bureau of a police department.

The highest offices with direct police and judicial authority were the three bugyô, or commissioners, who reported to the rôjû. While many of the positions within the vast shogunal bureaucracy had originated as military posts in the era of civil unrest prior to the Edo period, the posts of the three bugyô were created after the shogunate was established in Edo, and they had a distinctly civilian flavor.

The first and highest-ranking of the three was the jisha bugyô (commissioner of temples and shrines), who had authority over the lands of all the temples and shrines in the country, the priests and monks attached to those institutions, and the people living within their precincts. In addition to wielding general administrative authority over these lands and people, the jisha bugyô also adjudicated civil suits, investigated crimes, and tried suspected criminals associated with the temples and shrines.

The central job of the kanjô bugyô (commissioner of accounts) was fiscal management, but the holder of this post also wielded police authority with regard to serious crimes carried out within most of the shogunate’s direct holdings. This is because the authority of the gundai or daikan who directly governed those areas (the name depended on the size of the holding) extended only to the collection of taxes from local farmers and the prosecution and adjudication of civil cases and certain minor criminal cases; in all other criminal cases, the accused, together with the record of the preliminary investigation, was sent to the higher court in Edo, namely the kanjô bugyô. Since the kanjô bugyô thus combined the authority of a finance minister and a chief justice, only the most capable people could fill the post, and they were kept very busy. Four people ordinarily filled it on a monthly rotating basis.
- source : japanecho.com/sum/2004 -

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. nengoo, nengō 年号 Nengo, "year name", era name .


. Edo goyaku　五役（ごやく）　the five official workers of Edo .
御駕籠之者（おかごのもの）okagonomono, o-kago no mono
御中間（おちゅうげん）ochuugen, o-chugen
御小人（おこびと）okobito, o-kobito
黒鍬之者（くろくわのもの）kurokuwa no mono
御掃除之者（おそうじのもの）gosooji no mono, go soji no mono

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rusui, rusui-yaku, rusuiyaku 留守居役 caretaker

- quote -
Rusui yaku were samurai officials in the service of Edo period domains, who oversaw the administration of the domain's mansions in Edo or other cities in the lord's absence. They served an extremely important role as the domain's representative in the city, as administrators and intermediaries, facilitating the domain's involvement in political and economic matters in the major metropolises.
The responsibilities of a rusuiyaku
were diverse and extensive, including maintaining the domain's mansion and preparing it for the arrival and residence of the lord or other members of his household; communicating on behalf of the domain with the shogunate and other official institutions, including at times filing formal inquiries or complaints with the shogunate; and communicating with the rusuiyaku of other domains, as intermediaries in arranging various political, personal, or economic matters between domains; among many other activities.
- source : wiki.samurai-archives.com... -


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- - - - - Alphabetical Index of Keywords 用語解説 - - - - -

- AAA - / - BBB - / - CCC - / - DDD - / - EEE -

- FFF - / - GGG - / - HHH - / - I I I - / - JJJ -

- KK KK - / - LLL - / - MMM - / - NNN - / - OOO -

- PPP - / - QQQ - / - RRR - / - SSS - / - TTT -

- UUU - / - VVV - / - WWW - / - XXX - / - YYY - / - ZZZ -


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江戸幕府大事典 Edo Bakufu Daijiten Dictionary
by 大石学 Oishi Manabu
将軍・老中・火付盗賊改・畳奉行・鷹匠、江戸城　( 門・櫓・堀) ・陣屋・奉行所、参勤交代・幕府の儀式...。
家康から慶喜まで、265年にわたり日本を治めた江戸幕府。最新の成果で描く概論と、職制・陣屋・儀式などの用語解説で、幕府の基礎情報を集成。役職存在期間一覧、索引などの付録も充実した.
年中行事 - 官僚制 - 建築物
役職については、支配・役高・詰間などの基本情報から職務内容・改廃・主要人物なども解説。施設(陣屋・奉行所・役所・牢屋・刑場など)については、現在地・構造のほか、設置から廃止までの沿革も詳述する
(江戸幕府大辞典)

- quote -
- 内容説明
家康から慶喜まで、２６５年にわたり日本を治めた江戸幕府。最新の研究成果で描く概論と、将軍から牢屋下男にいたる多様な職制や江戸城の諸施設、陣屋、制度・儀式などの用語解説により、幕府の基礎情報を集成する画期的な大事典。役職存在期間一覧・幕府年中行事一覧・江戸城間取り図などの便利な付録・索引も充実した〈江戸幕府〉百科の決定版。

【特色】
●江戸幕府のすべてがわかる
総項目約１８００。初期から幕末まで、２６５年にわたる江戸幕府の政治・制度を理解するための基礎情報を１冊に集成

●江戸幕府をより深く知るための工夫をこらした構成
概説で江戸幕府を総合的に論じ、用語解説で具体的な事項を解説。さらに付録で江戸時代の役職の存在期間や年中行事、幕府施設の所在地などを一覧化する

●最新の研究成果を反映
官僚制・儀式研究・公文書論などの新たな視点も取り入れ、最新の研究成果を反映。施設については、考古学・建築学など周辺分野の成果もふまえて解説する

●江戸幕府の役職・施設を網羅
役職については、支配・役高・詰間などの基本情報から職務内容・改廃・主要人物なども解説。施設(陣屋・奉行所・役所・牢屋・刑場など)については、現在地・構造のほか、設置から廃止までの沿革も詳述する

●江戸城の全貌がよみがえる
城内の各部屋の名称や場所・用途をくわしく解説。そのほか、門・櫓・堀も網羅的に取り上げ、江戸城の全貌を再現する

●充実した巻末付録と、検索が便利な索引を付載
主な付録
＊職制図（江戸時代後期と幕末を含む）
＊役職存在期間一覧
（江戸時代に刊行された武鑑などから、役職が史料にみえる時期を一覧化）
＊幕府年中行事一覧
（御礼惣登城の儀・八朔など幕府の行事から花見・七夕など大奥の行事も一覧）
＊江戸・大坂・京都の地図
（町奉行所など、江戸・大坂・京都それぞれの町中の幕府関連施設の位置を図示）
＊代官所・遠国奉行所の地図
（全国の陣屋・遠国奉行所の位置を図示）
＊江戸城の御殿図
- reference source : yoshikawa-k.co.jp... -


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. Bakufu Meeting with PowerPoint .

. ninsoku yoseba 人足寄場 rehabilitation prison .
Hasegawa Heizô 長谷川平蔵 and
Law Enforcement in the Edo Period

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

葛がくれ幕府御用の銅の道
kuzugakure bakufu goyoo no doo no michi

hidden in Kuzu
the copper road
of the Bakufu

品川鈴子 Shinagawa Suzuko



. doozan 銅山 Dozan copper mines in Japan .
Besshi copper mine 別子銅山 - Ehime
Ashio copper mine 足尾銅山 - Tochigi

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浜木綿の奔放に裂け幕府跡
hamayuu no honbo ni sake bakufu ato

北見さとる Kitami Satoru

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. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .


. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. samurai, warriour, tsuwamono, bushi　侍, 兵、武士、兵士 .


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