Edo Anthology Book

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An Edo Anthology:
Literature from Japan’s Mega-City, 1750-1850
Editor: Jones, Sumie; Watanabe, Kenji
University of Hawaii Press



During the eighteenth century, Edo (today’s Tokyo) became the world’s largest city, quickly surpassing London and Paris. Its rapidly expanding population and flourishing economy encouraged the development of a thriving popular culture. Innovative and ambitious young authors and artists soon began to look beyond the established categories of poetry, drama, and prose, banding together to invent completely new literary forms that focused on the fun and charm of Edo. Their writings were sometimes witty, wild, and bawdy, and other times sensitive, wise, and polished. Now some of these high spirited works, celebrating the rapid changes, extraordinary events, and scandalous news of the day, have been collected in an accessible volume highlighting the city life of Edo.

Edo’s urban consumers
demanded visual presentations and performances in all genres. Novelties such as books with text and art on the same page were highly sought after, as were kabuki plays and the polychrome prints that often shared the same themes, characters, and even jokes. Popular interest in sex and entertainment focused attention on the theatre district and “pleasure quarters,” which became the chief backdrops for the literature and arts of the period. Gesaku, or “playful writing,” invented in the mid-eighteenth century, satirized the government and samurai behavior while parodying the classics. These entertaining new styles bred genres that appealed to the masses.
Among the bestsellers were lengthy serialized heroic epics, revenge dramas, ghost and monster stories, romantic melodramas, and comedies that featured common folk.
source : www.uhpress.hawaii.edu


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- source : Kinokuniya Webstore -



Some of the translations presented here are the first available in English and many are based on first editions.

Table of Contents
Preface
Introduction: The Production and Consumption of Literature in a Flourishing Metropolis
Notes for the Reader

I Playboys, Prostitutes, and Lovers
Seki the Night Hawk, 1753
Yamaoka Matsuake / Robert Campbell

"A Lousy Journey of Love: Two Sweethearts Won't Back Down" 1783
Hiraga Gennai / Timon Screech

At a Fork on the Road to Hiring a Hooker, 1798 (Sara Langer, Trans)
Umebori Kokuga

Intimations of Spring: The Plum Calendar, 1832-1833.
Illustrated by Yanagawa Shigenobu and Yanagawa Jusan (Shigenobu II)
Tamenaga Shunsui / Valerie L. Durham


II Ghosts, Monsters, and Deities
One Hundred Monsters in Edo of Our Time, 1758
Baba Bunko / William J. Farge

Rootless Grass, 1763, 1769
Hiraga Gennai /David Sitkin

Thousand Arms of Goddess, Julienned: The Secret Recipe of Our Handmade Soup Stock,
1785. Illustrated by Kitao Masanobu -- (Santo Kyoden)
Shiba Zenko /Adam L. Kern

The Monster Takes a Bride, 1807. Illustrated by Katsukawa Shun'ei
Jippensha Ikku /Adam Kern

Epic Yotsuya Ghost Tale, 1825
Tsuruya Nanboku IV / Faith Bach


III Heroes, Rogues, and Fools
Playboy, Grilled Edo Style, 1785. Illustrated by Kitao Masanobu
Santo Kyoden / Sumie Jones

Osome and Hisamatsu: Their Amorous History---Read All About It!, 1813 219(28)
Tsuruya Nanboku IV / Sakurada Jisuke II / Caryn Callahan

Opening section from The Tale of the Eight Dog Warriors of the Satomi Clan,
1814-1842. Illustrated chiefly by Yanagawa Shigenobu and Keisai Eisen
Kyokutei Bakin / Ellen Widmer

Funamushi episodes from The Tale of the Eight Dog Warriors of the Satomi Clan, 1814-1842.
Illustrated chiefly by Yanagawa Shigenobu and Keisai Eisen
Kyokutei Bakin / Valerie L. Durham

Eight Footloose Fools: A Flower Almanac, written in 1820, published in 1849.
Illustrated chiefly by Keisai Eisen, Utagawa Kuninao, and Utagawa Kuniyoshi
Ryutei Rijo / Dylan Mcgee / Christopher Robins

Benten the Thief, 1862
Kawatake Mokuami / Alan Cummings


IV City and Country Folks
Mr. Senryu's Barrel of Laughs, Edo Haikai Style, 1765-1838
Karai Senryu / Jason Webb

"The Housemaid's Ballad" and Other Poems, 1769
Domyaku Sensei /Andrew Markus - In the World of Men, Nothing But Lies, 1812. Illustrated by Utagawa Kuninao
Shikitei Sanba / Joel Cohn

The Floating World Barbershop, 1813-1814. Illustrated by Utagawa Kuninao
Shikitei Sanba /Charles Vilnis

Tales from the North, 1818
Tadano Makuzu / Bettina Gramlich-Oka


V Artists and Poets
On Farting, c. 1774, c. 1777
Hiraga Gennai / William F. Sibley

The "Peony Petals" Sequence, 1780
Yosa Buson / Takai Kito / Chris Drake

Peasants, Peddlers, And Paramours: Waka Selections
Roger K. Thomas

Icicle Teardrops and Butterfly Wings: Popular Love Songs
John Solt


VI Tourists and Onlookers
Comparisons of Cities-
(1) Anonymous,
"What They Think Good about Kyo and Edo,"
c. 1820,
(2) Shiba Kokan, "On Good and Bad Things about Kyo and Edo" (A Letter
to Yamaryo Kazuma), 1813, and
(3) Kimuro Boun, Tales of the Kyo I Have Seen, 1780
Timon Screech

Songs of the Northern Quarter, 1786
Ichikawa Kansai / Mark Borer

Outlandish Nonsense: Verses on Western Themes
Timon Screech

An Account of the Prosperity of Edo, 1832: "Urban Chivalry" and "Honjo District"
Terakado Seiken / Andrew Markus


Source Texts and Modern Editions
List of Contributors
Permissions
Index of Names
Subject Index


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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


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Tokugawa Yoshimune

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .
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Tokugawa Yoshimune　徳川吉宗将軍
(1684 - 1751)



He was the first Shogun not born in Edo castle and brought up to become a Shogun. Thus his views on life were quite different from the Tokugawa Shoguns before him.
Since he lived with the common people in his youth in Wakayama, he knew about the problems of the poor and tried to improve their lot throughout his life.

- quote
... the eighth shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, ruling from 1716 until his abdication in 1745. He was the son of Tokugawa Mitsusada, the grandson of Tokugawa Yorinobu, and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu.
... Yoshimune was from the branch of Kii. The founder of the Kii house was one of Tokugawa Ieyasu's sons, Tokugawa Yorinobu. Ieyasu appointed him daimyo of Kii. Yorinobu's son, Tokugawa Mitsusada, succeeded him. Two of Mitsusada's sons succeeded him, and when they died, Tokugawa Yoshimune, Mitsusada's fourth son, became daimyo of Kii in 1705. Later, he became shogun. ...
... In 1697, Genroku underwent the rites of passage and took the name Tokugawa Shinnosuke. In 1705, when Shinnosuke was just 21 years old, his father Mitsusada and two older brothers died. Thus, the ruling shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi appointed him daimyo of Kii. ...

Shogun (1716–1745)
Yoshimune succeeded to the post of the shogun in Shōtoku-1 (1716). His term as shogun would last for 30 years.
Yoshimune is considered among the best of the Tokugawa shoguns.

Yoshimune established the gosankyō to augment (or perhaps to replace) the gosanke. Two of his sons, together with the second son of his successor Ieshige, became the founders of the Tayasu, Hitotsubashi and Shimizu lines. Unlike the gosanke, they did not rule domains. Still, they remained prominent until the end of Tokugawa rule, and some later shoguns were chosen from the Hitotsubashi line.

Yoshimune is known for his financial reforms. He dismissed the conservative adviser Arai Hakuseki and he began what would come to be known as the Kyōhō Reforms.

Yoshimune also tried to resurrect the Japanese swordsmithing tradition. Since the beginning of the Edo period, it was quite difficult for smiths to make a living and to be supported by Daimyō, because of the lack of funds. But Yoshimune was quite unhappy with this situation, causing a decline of skills. And so, he gathered smiths from Daimyō fiefs for a great contest, in 1721.
The four winners who emerged were all great masters, Mondo no Shô Masakiyo (主水正正清), Ippei Yasuyo (一平安代), the 4th generation Nanki Shigekuni (南紀重国) and Nobukuni Shigekane (信国重包). But it didn't worked well to arouse interest, quite like tournaments in modern Japan.
Yoshimune also ordered the compilation of Kyōhō Meibutsu Chō (享保名物帳), listing the best and most famous swords all over Japan. This book allowed the beginning of the Shinshintō period of Nihontō history, and indirectly contributed to the Gassan school, who protected the Nihontō tradition before and after the surrender of Japan.

Although foreign books had been strictly forbidden since 1640, Yoshimune relaxed the rules in 1720, starting an influx of foreign books and their translations into Japan, and initiating the development of Western studies, or rangaku.

Ogosho (1745–1751)
In 1745, Yoshimune retired, took the title Ōgosho and left his public post to his oldest son. The title is the one that Tokugawa Ieyasu took on retirement in favor of his son Hidetada, who in turn took the same title on his retirement.
Yoshimune died on the 20th day of the 5th month of the year Kan'en-4 (July 12, 1751).
- source : wikipedia


- quote -
Tokugawa Yoshimune (1684-1751)
was a Japanese ruler, or shogun. He attempted most energetically to revitalize the Tokugawa shogunate after it began to encounter economic and other difficulties in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. ....
- source : yourdictionary.com/tokugawa-yoshimune-

- quote -
..... Yoshimune is known for taking a more proactive tack in effecting shogunate control over many facets of the economy of the realm. Among his many policies, he effected a dramatic increase in the domestic production of sugar, silk, and ginseng, three goods which had previously been heavily imported, as part of efforts to stem the outflow of silver from the country. He also imposed a variety of sumptuary laws, and granted authorization to merchant groups to form kabunakama, groups which paid the shogunate fees in exchange for monopoly rights to production and distribution of certain goods. .....
..... The ritual protocols and procedures surrounding Yoshimune's accession to the position of shogun are an oft-cited example of shogunal ritual, and in particular of shogunal proclamations (宣下, senge), the most important type of ritual in the Tokugawa Book of Rites (Tokugawa reiten roku).
- source : wiki.samurai-archives.com -

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Yoshimune installed the
meyasubako 目安箱 petition box
suggestion box / complaints box / Vorschlagskasten für Petitionen
sojoobako, sojōbako 訴状箱




Only he had to key to open it, thus hearing the voice of the people directly and giving them a chance to complain about their superiors.

- quote -
Petition box
The petition box was a process employed at various times and places, notably in Edo period Tosa han, to allow members of society, regardless of their status, to have their comments and suggestions heard by the lord.
..... The first shogun to implement a petition box system was Tokugawa Yoshimune.
He did so in 1721, after having overseen a similar system as daimyô of Wakayama han, installing the box in front of the hyôjôsho (judicial offices). Prior to this, people often petitioned the shogunate illegally, through petitions known as osso (direct appeals to high officials) and sutebumi (anonymous petitions left at the gates of the castle); the creation of a petition box allowed for a legal avenue for such grievances to be expressed.
While social commentary could be submitted into the shogunate's petition box easily enough, petitions which called for legal appeals could only be submitted in certain types of cases, where other legal avenues had already been tried. The petition box system was considered quite successful, however, and was not only maintained, but was expanded to Kyoto, Osaka, and Sunpu, and remained in place until 1868. A number of policy moves, such as the establishment of the Edo fire brigades, have been traced to suggestions made in petitions placed in the box. ....
- reference source : wiki.samurai-archives.com/index -

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Yoshimune established a public hospital at the garden in
Koishikawa 小石川養生所　 Koishikawa Yojosho
with free treatment for all and a large herb garden for medicine.



... The hospital was established in 1722 by the shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune in the herb gardens of what is now the Koishikawa Botanical Gardens at the suggestion of the town physician Ogawa Shosen. The hospital offered its services only to the indigent. It was eventually merged into Tokyo University's medical school.
- source : wikipedia -


小石川養生所の開設


. - Edo 江戸 the Castle Town - .
Matsuo Basho at Koishikawa

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hanabi 花火 Fireworks after an epidemy

..... Yahei studied large-scale fireworks and showed his marvelous works at the Water God Festival in 1717. When the country suffered many deaths due to famine in Kansai (west) and cholera in Edo, the 8th shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune held a Water God Festival at Sumida River to console the souls of the dead, with Yahei’s fireworks.
This is said to be the beginning of Sumidagawa Fireworks that continues to attract millions of people in Tokyo today.
. HANABI 花火 Japanese Fireworks - Introduction .

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Along the new river banks and open spaces to protect from fire he had many cherry trees planted and thus supported the old custom of
hanami　花見 cherry blossom viewing and merrymaking.
He wanted to give the townspeople a chance to enjoy life.
The most famous spots are 飛鳥山 Asukayama, 御殿山 Gotenyama, Koganei and Mukojima.


飛鳥山 - 広重 Asukayama, Hiroshige


「飛鳥山花見」勝川春潮 Katsukawa Shuncho (1781 - 1788)
The ladies wore special Hanami Kimono for the occasion.

And the food was of course
. hanami bentoo 花見弁当 Bento lunch box for blossom viewing .


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In the early eighteenth century, shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune planted many cherry trees in the area and opened up the land for the enjoyment of the "Edokko" or citizens of Tokyo. The park was formally established, alongside Ueno Park, Shiba Park, Asuka Park, and Fukagawa Park, in 1873 by the Dajō-kan, as Japan's first public parks.
- source :wikipedia -



御殿山花見之図 - 広重 Gotenyama, Hiroshige

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To boost the coffers of the Bakufu, he encouraged the development of new rice fields -
shinden kaihatsu 新田開発 reclamation projects.
development program of newly cultivable lands / developing new farming land


source : edo/kaikaku/sinden
町人請負新田

He also initiated reforms for the use of koban 小判　gold money.

. shinden kaihatsu　新田開発 developing new farm land .
and the taxing system (nengu　年貢) for farmers

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. Tokugawa Muneharu 徳川宗春 (1696 - 1764) .

「増税派の吉宗」Yoshimune for more taxes
and
「減税派の宗春」Muneharu for less taxes

. kenyaku 倹約 frugality, thrift - Sparsamkeit .
. Buke shohatto 武家諸法度 Laws for the Samurai .
12 Samurai throughout the realm are to practice frugality.

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. takagari 鷹狩 hunting with hawks and falcons .
The hunting grounds of the Shogun

. Ohanajaya お花茶屋 Ohanajaya district Katsushika .
よ】 吉宗の 病治した お花さん Yoshimune no yamai naoshita O-Hana san
Hanafuda flower trump card for the letter よ YO - Yoshimune.


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Oka Echizen　大岡越前 - Ōoka Tadasuke 大岡忠相　
(1677 – February 3, 1752)
as a Japanese samurai in the service of the Tokugawa shogunate. During the reign of Tokugawa Yoshimune, as a magistrate (machi-bugyō) of Edo, his roles included chief of police, judge and jury, and Yamada Magistrate (Yamada bugyō) prior to his tenure as South Magistrate (Minami Machi-bugyō) of Edo. With the title Echizen no Kami (Governor of Echizen or Lord of the Echizen), he is often known as Ōoka Echizen (大岡越前). He was highly respected as an incorruptible judge. In addition, he established the first fire brigade made up of commoners, and the Koishikawa Yojosho (a city hospital). Later, he advanced to the position of jisha bugyō, and subsequently became daimyo of the Nishi-Ōhira Domain (10,000 koku).



..... Ōoka Tadasuke has been the central character in two jidaigeki television series. In one, Ōoka Echizen, actor Gō Katō played the lead. In the other, Meibugyō! Ōoka Echizen, Kinya Kitaōji played the same role.
In addition, series such as Abarenbo Shogun have portrayed Ōoka as an intimate of the shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. Akasaka Hitotsugi choo 赤坂一木町 / 一ツ木町 Edo .
Around 1696, the residence of the city magistrate 大岡忠相 Oka Tadasuke Echizen no Kami was located here.
The 豊川稲荷 Toyokawa Inari Shrine in the compound is still there now.

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Yoshimune is well loved as a Jidaigeki hero, the

aberenbo Shogun 暴れん坊将軍 "The Wild Shogun".
He was rather large for his times and very strong, throwing huge Sumo wrestlers in the sand like nothing in his youth.



- quote -
Abarenbō Shōgun
a Japanese television program on the TV Asahi network. Set in the eighteenth century, it showed fictitious events in the life of Yoshimune, the eighth Tokugawa shogun. The program started in 1978 under the title Yoshimune Hyōbanki: Abarenbō Shōgun (Chronicle in Praise of Yoshimune: The Bold Shogun) who went after rogue Councillors and Daimyo who were abusing their power. After a few seasons, they shortened the first two words and ran for two decades under the shorter title until the series ended in 2003; a two-hour special aired in 2004, and then restarted from Oct. 13, 2013 at 7:00PM (Japan time) and still runs today. The earliest scripts occasionally wove stories around historic events such as the establishment of firefighting companies of commoners in Edo, but eventually the series adopted a routine of strictly fiction.

Along with Zenigata Heiji and Mito Kōmon, it ranks among the longest-running series in the jidaigeki genre. Like so many other jidaigeki, it falls in the category of kanzen-chōaku, loosely, "rewarding good and punishing evil."

Goyō toritsugi
The goyō toritsugi (御用取次) (his reform of the soba yōnin (側用人) was a Hatamoto person who scheduled appointments for the Shogun. He is generally a man of advanced years. In the first two casts, the character's name was Kanō Gorozaemon (played by comic Ichirō Arishima). Next came Tanokura Magobei (Eiji Funakoshi), and a few followed in the cast changes of the last years of the show.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Jidaigeki (時代劇) is a genre of film, television, and theatre in Japan.
Literally "period dramas", they are most often set during the Edo period of Japanese history, from 1603 to 1868. Some, however, are set much earlier—Portrait of Hell, for example, is set during the late Heian period—and the early Meiji era is also a popular setting. Jidaigeki show the lives of the samurai, farmers, craftsmen, and merchants of their time. Jidaigeki films are sometimes referred to as chambara movies, a word meaning "sword fight", though chambara is more accurately a subgenre of jidaigeki. Jidaigeki rely on an established set of dramatic conventions including the use of makeup, language, catchphrases, and plotlines.
..... List of jidaigeki films
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


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seppuku and harakiri

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .
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seppuku 切腹 -- harakiri 腹切り ritual suicide

The shogunate executed criminals in various ways ...
Samurai were often sentenced to commit seppuku in lieu of these forms of punishment. Seppuku is a term of suicide for the samurai.
. Criminal Punishment in Edo .
- Introduction -

. Kiri-sute gomen, kirisute gomen 斬捨御免 or 切捨御免
literally, "authorization to cut and leave" - the body of the victim .
Punishment for the incorrect exercise of this right was severe. An offender could be beheaded without being allowed to perform seppuku and have his house abolished, meaning that none of his sons could succeed the title.

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seppuku (切腹 or せっぷく, "stomach- or abdomen-cutting") or
harakiri (腹切り, "cutting the belly")
is a form of Japanese ritual suicide by disembowelment.



It was originally reserved for samurai. Part of the samurai bushido honor code, seppuku was used either voluntarily by samurai to die with honor rather than fall into the hands of their enemies (and likely suffer torture) or as a form of capital punishment for samurai who had committed serious offenses, or performed because they had brought shame to themselves. The ceremonial disembowelment, which is usually part of a more elaborate ritual and performed in front of spectators, consists of plunging a short blade, traditionally a tantō, into the abdomen and drawing the blade from left to right, slicing the abdomen open.
1 Etymology
2 Overview
3 Ritual
4 Female ritual suicide
- - - 4.1 History
- - - 4.2 Religious and social context
- - - 4.3 Terminology
5 Seppuku as capital punishment
6 European witness
7 Seppuku in modern Japan
8 Notable cases
9 In popular culture
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

- - - - - some vocabulary - - - - -

funshi 憤死 indignation death, which is any suicide made to state dissatisfaction or protest
jigai 自害 suicide / jisatsu 自殺
junshi 殉死 seppuku at the death of one's master
jūmonji giri 十文字切り, "cross-shaped cut"
kagebara 陰腹, "shadow stomach" (variety of kanshi)
kanshi 諫死, "remonstration death/death of understanding", in which a retainer would commit suicide in protest of a lord's decision.
kappuku 割腹 - Seppuku
oibara, tsuifuku 追腹 or 追い腹 Seppuku at the death of one's master



source : blogs.yahoo.co.jp/eraser1eraser

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

蒲生下野守の家来に切腹する者がいて、非常に強勢な者は肝臓に毛が生えていると聞くので確かめてほしいと言う。切腹した後で確かめると、本当に毛が生えていたという。
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ある者が商い聖を殺して金を奪った。後に妻をむかえ子をもうけたが、生まれた子供は殺した聖そっくりだった。やがて子が成長するとその子の不作法の為切腹を命じられた。

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jina 人痾，fukuyoo 服妖 in Kanto
天明の頃、関東方面で眉を抜いて薄く残し、かたい眉と言ったり、鬢を薄くして疫病髪と名付け、また赤い帯をして腹切り帯と言ったりする事が流行った。それが京にもうつりそうになった頃、関東の田沼山城守某が城中で佐野善左衛門某に殺され、佐野が切腹するなどの事件が発生した。これは中国史書にある人痾というものだ。

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Minamoto Yorimasa no kubi 源頼政の首
源三位頼政が扇の芝で切腹した時、首が重く感じるところに葬ってほしいと郎等に言い残した。郎等はその首を持って東に行き、古我で休憩したところ首が重くて上がらなくなったのでそこに葬ったという。


................................................................................. Akita 秋田県

takekomasama 竹駒様 TakeKoma Sama

In 仙北市, 現在堀之内に住んでいる田口イシノ氏は石を占いの道具にしているのでイシガミサマともいう。角館にはイシノ氏の姉のカミサマがいる。この人は27、8才のころから目が見えなくなったが、神様や仏様が飛んでくるのが見えるようになった。殿様や切腹した侍がくるとその真似をする。それが治らないので、神様におつかわれするようになればなおるといわれた。その1ヵ月後に竹駒様がついたので、神社に参拝しておつかわれするように決めた。すると2週間で目が開いて、3週間ですっかり見えるようになった。


................................................................................. Aomori 青森県

zashikiwaraji ザシキワラシ
In Sannohe 三戸郡, いまはもうとりこわされた、大きな屋敷だった堀川家の座敷にはザシキワラシがでた。昔座敷で切腹した人がいて、その血が板戸についていたという。上段の間で客が寝ているとトントン音がしたり、人の気配がしたりして、ザシキワラシが寝かしてくれないので、話者の家に夜中泊めてくれと来る客人もいたという。


................................................................................. Fukui 福井県

kitsune 狐 Fox
ある武家で、不都合を起こした為に切腹が命じられた。切腹を命じにやって来た役人は、狐が化けていたので、犬がほえると正体をあらわして逃げた。別の家は稲荷さんの申し子だと言われていた。この2つの家は両方とも断絶した。


................................................................................. Gunma 群馬県

Some fields were ritually polluted and unfit for cultivation.
Amont the pollutions was a field where someone had commited Harakiri 腹切り畑.
The other reasons are
忌み田，忌み畑，ぼんでん田，さかさ田，ジャンボン田，底なし田，位牌田，鳥居田，たたり畑，かかとり畑などと呼ばれる。

.......................................................................
甘楽郡

o-Kiku no tatari お菊の祟り curse of O-Kiku
小幡の殿様が侍女の菊ばかりを寵愛したので他の侍女や奥方の恨みを買い、菊が殿様に差し上げる御飯に針を入れられた。殿様は怒って菊を責め、蛇の入った樽に入れ、宝積寺の池に投げ込んだ。小柏源介という侍が悲鳴を聞いて樽を開けると、瀕死の菊が出て来た。菊は「このご恩にお家に蛇の害は無いように致します」と言って事切れた。お菊の母が「お菊が無実なら芽が出ろ」と池の辺に炒りゴマをまいたら、芽が出た。お菊の祟りで小幡家に戦死や切腹の沙汰が続いたので、宝積寺に碑を建てて供養した。


................................................................................. Hiroshima 広島県

nanafushigi 七不思義
小学校２年の頃、日が暮れてから父親に背負われ陶晴賢が切腹した所を通っていると、父親の髪が急に１本立った。どうしたのかと父親に尋ねると父親は言葉を制して真言を唱えた。すると髪は寝た。後で聞くとそれがみさきというものだった。


................................................................................. Ibaraki 茨城県

bodaiju no tatari ぼだい樹のたたり curse
In 常陸太田市
平将門の乱で敗れた武将のお姫様が奥州に逃げる途中で死んでしまい、７人の家来もそこで切腹した。親鸞上人が哀れがり、そこにぼだい樹を植えた。それが話者の家のぼだい樹で、枝を折ると災難があると言う。ある人がぼだい樹から蜂の巣をとったら、話者の妹がひきつけをおこした。行者にお祓いしてもらったら治った。


................................................................................. Kanto 関東方面

天明の頃、関東方面で眉を抜いて薄く残し、かたい眉と言ったり、鬢を薄くして疫病髪と名付け、また赤い帯をして腹切り帯と言ったりする事が流行った。それが京にもうつりそうになった頃、関東の田沼山城守某が城中で佐野善左衛門某に殺され、佐野が切腹するなどの事件が発生した。これは中国史書にある人痾というものだ。


................................................................................. Kochi 高知県

Shichinin misaki 七人みさき
安芸郡北川村では、山に働きに来ていた若者7人が小屋で戯れている時、1人に山刀が刺さって死に、ほかの者も切腹して死んだ。その墓が最近まであったが、神様にして一所にかためた。七人みさきの本家は北川村の野川ではないかという。


................................................................................. Kumamoto 熊本県

neko 猫 cat
In 人吉市, あるお坊さんが謀反の疑いで切腹させられたが、無実であった。その妾のひとりがそのことを恨みに思って、猫に「仇はとっておくれ」と願いを込めて、その猫を道連れに自殺した。以後、切腹を命じた相良侯の家では不思議なことが起きたので猫寺を建てた。


................................................................................. Mie 三重県

.......................................................................
Hyoouemon gitsune 兵右衛門狐 the fox

桑名藩の釘貫兵右衛門が夫婦狐の穴を壊した。翌日登城する途中、遅刻を咎める藩主の使い来て兵右衛門は切腹した。後に狐の復讐であることが分かり、藩主は祟りを恐れ狐を笠田野に祀った。維新の頃、孫右衛門が夫婦狐の１匹を撃ち殺し、孫右衛門はまもなく死んだ。

.......................................................................

. Jizoo 地蔵 Jizo Bosatsu of 大王町 Daio Town .
Shima 志摩市


................................................................................. Nagano 長野県

yamainu 山犬 wolf，高津大権現 Takatsu Daigongen

In 下條村, 馬を野飼いにしていると、荒々しい山犬が現れ馬を食い殺したので、「高津大権現」と唱えた後腰に持っていた鎌で山犬切腹した。その鎌を清めた後、奉納した。


................................................................................. Okayama 岡山県

In Niimi 新見市, Misaki
新見市西方では、変死のあった場所にミサキを祀る。山で首吊りがあると、そこに木を植えてミサキ様といったり、切腹して亡くなった人をツルギミサキ、首吊りで亡くなった人をツナミサキといって祀ったりもする。


................................................................................. Tokyo 東京都

In 神着村, シナの王が漂流してきて、切腹して死んだ。「向かい畑」という丘に葬ったところ、夜な夜な光を発し、異変が生じた。そこで丘と根続きの中で一番高い、大堀の山に改葬したところ異変がやんだ。


................................................................................. Yamanashi 山梨県

gorinzaka ゴリンザカ

In 都留市, 矢島員雄氏の畑の畔にある五輪の石塔のそばの坂をゴリンザカというが、これはこの石塔があるからとも、誰かがこの坂で5厘拾ったからとも、武士のゴリンサンが切腹した場所だからともいう。なお、馬に乗ってこの坂の石塔の前を通り過ぎるものは、必ず落馬するという。

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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source : oonisi.way-nifty.com/lameru

Family Seppuku of Bessho Nagaharu 一族切腹 - 別所長治

- quote -
Bessho Nagaharu 別所長治 (1558 - 1580)
a Japanese daimyo of the Sengoku period. He was the eldest son of Bessho Yasuharu.
In 1578
Oda Nobunaga called on his retainers to attack the Mōri clan. Nagaharu almost decided to lead the Oda troops, but after hearing that the low-born general Hashiba Hideyoshi, whom he did not respect, was allied with the Oda faction he revolted, instead allying himself with Hatano Hideharu of Tamba province.
This led to Nagaharu being besieged by Hideyoshi's troops on the orders of Nobunaga. Nagaharu took a stand in Miki Castle 三木城, starting the Siege of Miki. The siege did not go well for Hideyoshi, and with a revolt by Araki Murashige and the help of the Mōri clan Nagaharu successfully repelled the Oda force. But Hideyoshi returned and this time instead of launching a direct assault, he launched multiple sieges against smaller castles like Kamiyoshi Castle and Shigata Castle to cut off the support from Mori.
This led to a rapid depletion of food, and in 1580, with no hope of another reinforcement from Mōri clan, Nagaharu committed seppuku in exchange for the lives of the troops in Miki Castle.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Seppuku
by Uemon Moridan (Author), eric shahan (Translator), Fumio Manaka (Translator)

An early 19th century Densho, or written transmission of knowledge, on how a Seppuku, or ritual suicide, ceremony should be conducted. This is the first time such a document has been translated into English.
It includes: A reproduction of the entire document A transliteration of the original medieval Japanese A contemporary Japanese interpretation English translation
source : amazon com

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

ながながと切腹の場や夏芝居
naganaga to seppuku no ba ya natsu shibai

the Seppuku scene
is just soooo long . . .
Kabuki summer performance
Tr. Gabi Greve

Ooki Amari 大木あまり Oki Amari (1941 - )


. WKD : natsu shibai 夏芝居 .
- - Kabuki kigo for late summer - -



source : jikabuki.com/learning_jikabuki

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切腹のいまだはたせず菊人形
岬 雪夫

切腹の間からりんどう見えており
五島高資

切腹の間より見せたる牡丹かな
宗田安正

切腹は白き色なり春の夢
長谷川秋子

春雪いくたび切腹で終る色彩映画
三橋鷹女

藤袴切腹衝動堪えけり
浅賀穀象虫

- - - - - Harakiri - - - - -

稽古する腹切の場や春の雨
keiko suru harakiri no ba ya haru no ame

training
for a scene of Harakiri -
rain in spring

. 正岡子規 Masaoka Shiki .

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どうせ最後は 腹切るつもりの人愛す
山崎秋風鬼

もののふの腹切り岩やかきつばた
矢野智司

初写真腹切矢倉背景に
山口青邨

土蜘蛛に腹切らせゐる大暑かな
石塚友二

枝豆の食ひ腹切らばこぼれ出む
三橋敏雄

楠が腹切るあとの梅のはな
曾良 Sora


- - - - - Kappuku - - - - -

まんじゅしゃげむかし割腹したるかな
八島岳洋

割腹の通草ためらひなかりけり
大橋はじめ

割腹死鶲撒かるる空の端
斎藤玄

- More haiku about finding one's death -
- reference : HAIKUreikuDB -

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .


. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]- - - - - #harakiri #seppuku #suicide #ritualsuicide - - - -
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kekkon marriage

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .
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kekkon　結婚 konrei　婚礼 marriage in Edo
and engiri, en kiri 縁切り　to cut a bond - divorce . 　

under construction
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- quote
Love and Marriage
Among the textbooks that were commonly used during the Edo Period are a number of editions offering instruction on letter writing. One of them specifically addressed the art of composing love letters. As evidenced by the large number of such letters that have been found, moreover, one can surmised that written correspondence between lovers was a common practice.



Monogyny was the rule for both samurai aristocrats and commoners in the Edo period. Marriage partners were usually sought from families with similar social rank, and the consent of domainal and shogunal authorities were required for marriages involving samurai households. Wedding a partner of one's desire was rare, therefore, since the choice of spouse was made in accordance with the will and judgment of the parents. Cases of double suicide among young lovers were not uncommon when they found their parents' decisions unacceptable.

Those from low-ranking farming households that were less preoccupied with social status were freer to choose their own mates. Often, they met potential partners at local village festivals.

Tying the Knot
Marriage was a more formalized affair for higher-ranking farming households, though. Parents usually asked relatives and others with a broad network of acquaintances to find suitable marriage candidates. The family background of such candidates was checked, and if both families found the arrangement agreeable, a meeting was set up.

If both sides agreed to proceed with the marriage, an engagement ceremony was held, mediated by a village elder. On the day of the marriage, the groom visited the house of the bride, from where the couple, along with their parents and attendants, marched to the groom's house. The wedding ceremony was held at night, and the bride was introduced to members of the groom's village.

Marriage was even more complicated for leading aristocratic houses. A written request had to be submitted to the shogunal government, and newly married couples were required to visit Edo Castle to formally announce their wedlock.

The age of first marriage for women was much younger than it is today, although it rose toward the end of the Edo period. This was because girls began serving for a number of years as housemaids for aristocratic families and large landowners. Men who were employed business establishments were not allowed to marry until they were able to support a family, so their average age of first marriage over 40.

Divorces were fairly common, as were second, third, and even fourth marriages. Although it has been supposed that only the male had the right to demand a divorce, quite often divorce proceedings were initiated by the wife, and the cause of divorce was quite frequently the wife's involvement in an affair or her running away from home. In cases where discussions fail to produce an amicable divorce, women had a last-resort choice of seeking refuge in one of two temples in the country; after three years in the temple, the husband was unconditionally required to issue a letter of divorce.
- source : web-japan.org/tokyo/know/marriage / Hisako Hata

Introductory Meeting (Miai 見合い) the Carriage of the Virtuous Woman (Konrei nishiki misao-guruma 婚礼錦貞女車) - source : nhk.jp... -

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Japanese Weddings in the Edo Period (1615–1868)
Essay
daimyô wedding.
Konrei-dôgu shokikei sunpô-sho (Wedding Trousseau Items Size Manual)
- source : metmuseum.org- - Monika Bincsik

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Samurai's marriage in Edo Period
The wedding was called Koshi-ire (輿入れ).
Tokoiri (床入り), the first night the new couple goes to bed together.
- source : iromegane.com/japan/culture -

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. nakoodo isha　仲人医者　doctors as matchmakers for marriage .
keian　慶庵 / 桂庵 Keian matchmaker
Named after the famous matchmacer-doctor Yamato Keian 大和慶庵 (around 1653).

A 仲人 Nakodo go-between was necessary for a regular marriage in Edo.

miai 見合い, "matchmaking", lit. "looking at one another"
omiai, o-miai お見合い

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. Tookeiji 東慶寺 Tokei-Ji - Kamakura .

A nunnery that was a refuge for women who wanted to divorce their husbands.

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. Enkiri, engiri 縁切り　to cut a bond - divorce . 　

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


- reference : nichibun yokai database -
kekkon 結婚 100
konrei 婚礼 66
koshi-ire 輿入れ 02

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - - - - #kekkonmarriage #mariageinedo #enkiridivorce #divorceinedo - - - -
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shuppansha publishing

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .
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shuppansha 出版社 publishing company, book publisher

There are various articles about books, publishing and famous publishers in the Edopedia.
This page will be updated regularly.



Edo no honyasan 江戸の本屋さん Book stores in Edo
今田洋三 Imada Yozo

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. akahon 赤本　red book .

bukan 武鑑 regional records of Samurai history
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

Edo annai 江戸案内 guidebook of Edo

Edo machi kan, Edomachikan 江戸町鑑 records of districts in Edo
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

. Edo Meisho Zue 江戸名所図会, “Guide to famous Edo sites” .
Edo Meisho Hanagoyomi 江戸名所花暦 Flower Calendar of Famous Places in Edo

Eijudō 永寿堂 Eijudo publishing house
founded by Nishimurya Yohachi 西村屋与八
family name Hibino 日比野; in operation from ca. 1751 to 1860, in Edo, Nihonbashi Bakurochō 日本橋馬喰町

. ezooshi 絵草子 illustrated book or magazine .
「絵草子屋」 ezooshiya store
Ezoushi - Also written 絵双紙.
otogizooshi 御伽草子 popular tales
ukiyo zooshi 浮世草子 Ukiyo-zoshi - books about the floating world

. kashihonya, kashihon'ya 貸本屋 booklender, booklender
furuhonya, furu-honya 古本屋 selling old books .

. kawaraban　瓦版 Edo newspaper, handbill, broadside .
news broadsheet, lit. "tile-block printing" / yomiuri 読売、lit. "to read and sell"
Japanese newspapers (新聞 "shinbun")

mitate banzuke 見立番付 ranking of famous people or things

Shinpan mitate tsukemono zukushi Composite Make-Believe Objects by Ayasono

. kibyooshi 黄表紙 Kibyoshi, "yellow book covers" .

kokkeibon 滑稽本 humorous story books

. saiken　細見 "guide book" / Yoshiwara saiken 吉原細見 .
shibai saiken 芝居細見 guide book for theaters and actors
horizontal format (yokobon 横本), vertical format (tatebon 竪本)

. seihonshi 製本師　bookbinder - Buchbinder
seihonya 製本屋　- seihon gyoosha 製本業者 .
seihon ginooshi 製本技能士
seihon 製本 bookbinding - seihonjo 製本所 bookbinding factory, bookbindery, Buchbinderei
wasoobon, wasoohon 和装本 Japanese book making / wahon 和本 Japanese Book

. shunga 春画 "spring pictures" erotic pictures .

. Teikin Oorai, Teikin ōrai 庭訓往来 textbooks .
Kakimori Bunko 柿衛文庫 .

. Tsuruya Kiemon 鶴屋喜右衛門 Publisher 仙鶴堂 Senkakudo, Edo .

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Tsutaya Juuzaguroo, Tsutaya Jūzaburō 蔦屋重三郎 Tsutaya Jusaburo (1750 - 1797)
see below

. ukiyo-e shi　浮世絵師　Ukiyo-e producer .
ukiyo-e, lit. pictures of the floating world. Paintings and woodblock prints.
planned by the publisher hanmoto 版元 and produced in collaboration with the painter/designer eshi 絵師, carver horishi 彫師 and printer surishi 摺師.

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CLICK for more Japanese books !

出版文化と江戸の教養

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- - - - - common sizes of books

masugata-bon 枡形本　square book
mutsuhan-bon 六半本　sixth-size books
yokonaga-bon 横長本　"wider-than-high” books
yatsuhan-bon 八半本"eighth-sized” books
yotsuhan-bon 四半本　quarter-size books
and
大判　oversized books　

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Tsutaya Juuzaburoo, Tsutaya Jūzaburō 蔦屋重三郎 Tsutaya Jusaburo (1750 - 1797)

- quote -
. . . the founder and head of the Tsutaya publishing house in Edo, Japan, and produced illustrated books and ukiyo-e woodblock prints of many of the period's most famous artists. Tsutaya's is the best-remembered name of all ukiyo-e publishers. He is also known as Tsuta-Jū and Jūzaburō I.



Tsutaya set up his shop in 1774 and began by publishing guides to the Yoshiwara pleasure quarters.

- MORE in the wikipedia -



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the Book in Japan:
A Cultural History from the Beginnings to the Nineteenth Century
by Peter F. Kornicki (Author)

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- quote -
Printing and Publishing
Pre-Modern Printing
- - - - - Tokugawa Period
..... Roughly 300 titles were produced in the 1590s-1630s using moveable type, .....
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The earliest publishing houses emerged in Kyoto around 1600; simply called hon'ya (bookstores) they engaged in both printing/publishing and retail, and numbered over a hundred by the 1630s.
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Over the course of the entire Edo period, an estimated 3,757 publishing/bookstore operations were established in Japan, 1,530 of which went out of business before the end of the period.
- - - - - Process
Publishers would often initiate projects, deciding on themes and hiring illustrators or print designers. The illustrators would then submit their designs to the publisher, who would then take over much of the remainder of the process.
- hangiya (板木屋, block-carver)
- copyist or hanshitagaki (版下書)
- nishiki-e and surimono　摺物
- the verb 上梓 (jôshi), meaning "to print" or "to publish."
- woodblocks, known as zôhan (蔵版)
- - - - - Paper
- hemp (mashi 麻紙) - kôzo (楮) - Bamboo paper (tôshi 唐紙 or gasenshi 画箋紙)
- - - - - Pigments
- hide-glue called nikawa
Sumi - the same black ink used for painting and calligraphy was used for printing blacks and greys.
White pigments made from seashell (gofun) or lead oxide (enpaku)
Dayflower blue (tsuyukusa) - a light blue hue which reacts easily to moisture, turning yellow.
Prussian blue - the first chemical/artificial pigment developed in the world (i.e. deriving directly from neither vegetable or mineral sources); first used in Japan in 1829; a deep, rich blue that does not fade or discolor.
Beni (safflower red), used to produce various shades of red, pink, orange, and yellow.
Purples obtained by mixing dayflower blue with safflower red, or by other means.

- reference source : wiki.samurai-archives.com/index -
(very extensive reference !)

The Private World of Surimono

Japanese Prints from the Virginia Shawan Drosten and Patrick Kenadjian Collection
Yale University Press, 2020
Sadako Ohki with Adam Haliburto

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Japanese books
Books in Japan (和本, wahon or 和装本, wasouhon) have a long history, which begins in the late 8th century AD. The majority of books were hand-copied until the Edo period (1603–1867), when woodblock printing became comparatively affordable and widespread. Movable-type printing had been used from the late 16th century, but for various aesthetic and practical reasons woodblock printing and hand-copied remained dominant until much later. Japanese equivalents for "book" include 本 (hon) and 書籍 (shoseki). The former term indicates only bound books, and does not include scrolls. The latter is used for printed matter only. The most general term is 書物 (shomotsu), which means all written or printed matter that has been collected into a single unit, regardless of construction.
1 Book composition
1.1 Binding methods
1.1.1 Pre-binding books
1.1.2 Bound books
2 Printing history
2.1 Nara Period
2.2 Heian and Kamakura Periods
2.3 Muromachi Period
2.4 The early-modern printing revolution
2.5 Meiji Period and beyond
- reference : wikipedia -

江戸時代の出版
- reference : wikipedia -

. besutoseraa ベストセラー bestseller authors - list .

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. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

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- - - - - #shuppansha #publishinginedo #tsutaya #bestseller #surimono - - - -
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Tokugawa Ieyasu

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .
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Tokugawa Ieyasu 徳川家康 . (1543 - 1616)
born as 松平竹千代 Matsudaira Takechiyo, Iyeyasu,
Naifu Dono ナイフどの / 内府（ないふ）
Taijukoo, 大樹公（徳川家康） Taiju Ko ("The Big Tree", name for a great general)


source : dur.ac.uk/mlac/japanese/tokugawa

Tokugawa Ieyasu is the founder of the Edo Shogunate, he was the first shogun and posthumously became some kind of protecting deity with his own shrine in the Nikko Mountains, north of Tokyo (an auspicious place to protect his city according to Chinese Feng-Shui Geomantic lore).
日光の東照宮 Nikko no Tosho-Gu

Here is the famous story to shed light on the temperament of the three rivaling warlords of their time:
When confronted with a nightingale in a cage, which would not sing, each had his own approach to this situation:

-- Nobunaga --
If the bird does not sing, kill it!
-- Hideyoshi --
If the bird does not sing, I will make it sing!
--- Ieyasu ---
If the bird does not sing, I will wait until it sings!

As you might imagine from the above episode, Ieyasu outlived and out-waited his opponents and then took over power, like a ripe apple falling into his hands.

Tokugawa Ieyasu was obsessed with food and medicine to prolong his life. But he also liked to try new things, like the "tempora", tempura introduced by the Portugese missionaries.

. Ieyasu and 日光の東照宮 Nikko no Tosho-Gu .



. Shinkun Iga-Goe 神君伊賀越え "The Heavenly Lord retreats via Iga" .
and Chaya Shirōjirō 茶屋四郎次郎 Chaya Shirojiro
Chaya Shirōjirō Kiyonobu 茶屋四郎次郎清信 (1545-1596) helped Ieyasu during his hasty retreat from Sakai (Osaka) via Iga to Mikawa (Aichi).
Shirojiro later got permission for the shuinsen 朱印船 "red seal Ships" .

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- - - Tokugawa Ieyasu in the WIKIPEDIA !

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shikami 顰 "Grimacing Face"

- quote
Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) attacked the army of Takeda Shingen in the Battle of Mikatagahara against the advice of his vassals and suffered a great defeat.
It is believed that Ieyasu, who narrowly escaped to his castle, had a portrait of himself in fear made to remember that he must always listen to the comments of his vassals, as a lesson learned in this battle.



The statue in this photo is based on the portrait in this story.
- source : samuraistyle.jp facebook


- - - - - and on Jeans !
a combination of the Fudo Myo-O favored by Takeda Shingen and his enemy Tokugawa Ieyasu

信玄の守護神 武田不動尊像と家康の顰（しかみ）像



. Denim Jeans and Fudo Myo-O 不動明王 .

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Tōshōkō Goikun 東照公 御遺訓 Teaching of Tokugawa Ieyasu
Toshoko Go-Ikun

written on January 17, 1603 while he received the title of Shogun in February of the same year

人の一生は重き荷を負うて　遠き道を行くが如し　
急ぐべからず不自由を　常と思えば　不足なし
心に望みおこらば　困窮し足る時を思い出すべし
堪忍は無事長久の基
怒りを敵と思え
勝つことばかり知りて　負くるを知らざれば　害その身に至る
己を責めて　人を責むるな
及ばざるは　過ぎたるに　勝れり

Your life is like carrying full of burdens, traveling a long road,
do not hurry nor complain for lack of freedom.
When you have hope in mind, remember the poor times.
Patience is the foundation of peaceful long life.
Consider your anger as your enemy.
If you know of only victories and of no losses, the harm is within you.
Blame yourself but not others.
In so doing, eventually you will win in your life.
Tr. Yoshio Kusaba

Persuade thyself that imperfection and inconvenience are the natural lot of mortals, and there will be no room for discontent, neither for despair.
Let thy step be slow and steady, that thou stumble not.
Patience means restraining one's inclinations.
- reference source : MORE Tokugawa Ieyasu Quotes -

- reference : 東照公 御遺訓 -


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. Mikawa choo 三河町 Mikawa district, Kanda Chiyoda ward - Tokyo .
The name refers to the Mikawa region (now Aichi prefecture), where Tokugawa Ieyasu was born.
When he came to Edo in 1590, he had his 下級武士 junior Samurai retainers settle in this district.
It is one of the old districts in Edo.
In the Meiji period it got the name of 神田区三河町 Kanda Mikawa cho.
In 1953, the first sub-district became 鎌倉町 Kamakura machi, the second to fourth sub-district were merged to
神田司町 Kanda Tsukasa machi and the old name was lost.


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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

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kaibutsu 怪物 monster HOO 封（ほう）Ho Yokai


source : tyz-yokai.blog.jp/archives

When Ieyasu was still in 駿河 Suruga in the year 1609 on the fourth day of the fourth month, there appeared a strange being, a thick child, in the morning in the garden of 駿府城 Sunpu Castle. It had no fingers at his hands, pointing his arms toward heaven.
Ieyasu advised his men to chase it away to a place where humans would not see it any more, in a far away mountain forest.
Some people say this was a HOO 封（ほう）Ho Yokai and if you eat its flesh, it was a special elixir 仙薬 and you would become super-strong and fearless.


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Ise odori 伊勢踊 the Dance of Ise

This dance became quite popular after 1624. Farmers would just take off and go dancing around Japan, leaving for the Ise shrine.
Legend knows that bad things happened after such a bout of Ise Odori Dance, for example an uprising in Osaka and the death of Tokugawa Ieyasu.

The okage-mairi pilgrimage to Ise was accompanied by ecstatic dances, such as Ise-odori, okage-odori and ee-ja-nai-ka (ain't it hunky-dory) that disrupted daily life
- reference -

. hatsu Ise odori 初伊勢踊 first Ise dance .
and . Hatsu Ise 初伊勢 First visit to the Ise Shrine 　
as season words for the New Year

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Taroo inari 太郎稲荷 the Deity Taro Inari

Tachibana Sakon no Shogen 立花左近将監 with his soldiers was on his way to Korea, but ended up in 江戸の浅草観音 Edo, near the Asakusa Kannon for about 8 years.
Then one night an old man with white hair appeared in his dream and gave him an amulet, 白木の三方に祇園守. The old man was the deity 太郎稲荷 Taro Inari.
On the next day there came a messenger of Ieyasu telling him that he could go back to his homeland.

. Legends about the Asakusa 浅草 district in Edo .
太郎稲荷神社 Shrine Taro Inari Jinja and Tachibana Sakon

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Tooshooguu 東照宮の神勅 Tosho-Gu no chinshoku

Once there lived a farmer called 半七 Hanshichi in 三河国の小笠原家領内 the district of Ogasawara in Mikawa no Kuni. Many years ago he had been selling oil in the district. He had a divine message from the Tosho-Gu (Tokugawa Ieyasu), changed his name to Genseki 玄碩 and became a doctor. He prepared medicine according to the needs of each individual patient and healed many. Later when he walked around in Ise, where he had another revelation from heaven, telling him that since his own heart was pure he could heal patients so well.


source : aki-yoshida.co.jp/

Habu Genseki 土生玄碩 （1762 - 1848)
..... the Shogun's personal physician and a man celebrated for his skill in treating diseases of the eye,
and Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796-1868), a German doctor, . . . physician at the Dutch East India Company Dejima Factory. . . .
His belongings became wet dampened during a storm, and when laid out on the deck for drying, discovery was made by a Nagasaki Magistrate official of banned maps of Japan drawn by Tadataka Ino, and a Haori jacket with a hollyhock crest of the Tokugawa family, etc. During the intensive investigation that followed, Kageyasu Takahashi of the Nagasaki Magistrate, who had given the maps to Siebold, was sentenced for capital punishment.
Genseki Habu, the Shogunate doctor responsible for the Shogunate Haori, was deprived of his post, and Siebold was exiled for life out of Japan.
- source : Rio Imamura -

- - - - - the ophthalmologist Habu Genseki
- reference -

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Gunma 群馬県　 日光 Nikko

. Nikkoozan Tookooboo 日光山東光坊 - Tengu Tokobo. Toko-Bo from Mount Nikko .
Tokugawa in his incarnation as a Tengu !


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Kanagawa 神奈川県 大和市 Yamato

Fukuda village 福田村 was under the direct governance of the Tokugawa clan.

yamanba 山姥 the old mountain hag
Once there lived an old mountain hag in the village, almost like a demon (oni 鬼). People feared her and once when the cherry blossoms were in full bloom, they invited her for a party, gave her poisoned Sake and killed her.
But now she became a vengefull soul and appeared almost every night as a flickering monster light (鬼火) on the road and soon nobody passed this mountain path any more.
When Tokugawa Ieyasu came to this region, he wrote a Waka poem to appease her soul and all was good.

さがみなる 福田の里の やまんばは
いつのいつまで 夫を待つらむ

In Sagami at the village Fukuda this old woman
waiting for her husband for ever and ever



The "old mountain hag" was Ito, 小林大玄の妻（イト） the wife of Kobayashi Daigen (a doctor and mountain priest)
of a special group of nine people to develop the area of Fukuda, 福田開拓九人衆 . He had wandered off to see more of Japan and his wife was left all alone in Yamato in great dispair.
She was later appeased at the temple 建長寺 Kencho-Ji in Kamakura
この‘山姥’とは . . .
- reference source : blog.ap.teacup.com/hazuki69 -




Yamato, Fukuda district, temple 蓮慶寺 Renkei-Ji
The statue 木造優婆尊尼座像 represents Ito from the Yamanba legend. Now she is venerated as a deity to help bring up healthy children.
- reference source : blogs.yahoo.co.jp/pokochino6324 -


The story of Kobayashi Ito 小林糸
who liked to drink Sake quite a lot and waited for her husband.



- source : c-yanagibashi/index -

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Nagano 長野県

hakuba no tatari 白馬の祟り the curse of the White Horse
Once there was a dappled gray horse with four white spots, called ソウゼン Sozen.
When the horse turned 8 years, its hair became all white and it seemed cursed. The warlord who had fought with a minister of Ieyasu was defeated and lost his life, together with the white horse, in battle.
Since then a white horse was feared in the village. To appease its soul a stone memorial was put up and regular rituals held there.


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Shizuoka 静岡県　
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Shizuoka, 安倍川 River Abekawa



Abekawa Mochi 安倍川餅 rice cakes from Abekawa river, sprinkled with white sugar (a rarity in the Edo period) and with kinako 黄粉 soy bean flour
Once eaten by Tokugawa Ieyasu, after he had retired as Shogun. The local producers told him the yellow kinako was really gold powder.

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Shizuoka, Ryoogoochi 両河内村 Ryogochi Mura in Yoshiwara district, Shimizu 清水市吉原地区

Yoshiwaraji 善原寺 Yoshiwara-Ji
925 Yoshiwara, Shimizu Ward, Shizuoka

Yakushi san 薬師さん - 吉原の薬師堂 Yoshiwara no Yakushi-Do
This temple is famous for its Yakushi Nyorai, healing eye disease.
And in the Yoshiwara district are various tales about Ieyasu.

. Yakushidoo 吉原の薬師堂 Yoshiwara no Yakushi-Do .
大平の薬師様 Yakushi Sama in Ohira village. Ieyasu has his eyes healed.
吉原 Yoshiwara Town in Eastern Shizuoka.

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地元の善原寺には家康の娘・萬姫の眼病平癒の信仰譚も伝わる。家康が萬姫のために大平の薬師如来に参詣しようとしたが、日が暮れたので、ここ吉原にとどまって住職に祈祷を依頼したというものである。
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吉原や平山の家康伝説 Legends about Yoshiwara and Ieyasu at Hirayama
ところで吉原地区には徳川家康にまつわる伝説が多い。曵尾 (hikyoo) という地名は、家康が「比興な奴」(hikyoo) といったことから生まれたという話である。
また、鉄砲の上手な人がいて、家康の狩の勢子をしたという。ほかにも家康が身を清めて祈願したという清水があった庄司沢や権現様などの地名が残る。
もっとも家康伝説は吉原地区のみではない。静岡市の平山地区や瀬名地区にもいくつかある。たとえば、平山には家康が狩に来たという話がある。
また、歩けなくなるまで歩いた範囲の土地を与えるといった家康の言葉を信じて、そのとおりに首尾よく広い土地を得た地元民の話もある。これは瀬名地区の話だが、トルストイの民話に似ている。
平山地区では駿府城の石垣に組む石は長尾川から運び出したといわれている。家康伝説は、この事実と関連があるのかとも考えられる。
=
吉原の薬師堂にまつわる多くの疑問 About the Yakushi Hall in Yoshiwara
だが吉原地区の場合にはやや異質である。平山や瀬名のような単純な家康伝説ではないのだ。
善原寺のかたわらに建つ薬師堂の本尊・薬師如来は、全国的に広がる薬師信仰とどう重なるのか、あるいは萬姫(家康にこのような名の娘がいたという史料はない)の眼病治癒の伝説も、眼の仏としてこれまた日本の広い範囲に分布する薬師信仰とどう結びつくのか。
そして何よりも、これらが家康の薬師如来説や申し子説と関わりはないのか、など疑問は尽きないのである。
善原寺の山門をくぐると階段があり、これを登り詰めたところに薬師堂が建つ。いわば山門から一直線の位置に薬師堂があるのだ。そして寺の本堂は階段の右手にあたる位置にある。見方によっては、山門と薬師堂とが一体の伽藍配置なのである。
ふつう、山門の後方には本堂があるというのが、我々が歴史で得た寺の建物配置についての知識である。四天王寺式とか法隆寺式というのがそれである。
ところがその本堂にあたる位置に薬師堂が建っている。これはどう考えるべきなのだろう。
薬師堂の偏額には「瑠璃界」と書かれている。朝鮮通信使の筆という。瑠璃界とは薬師如来の住む浄土である。
そういえば、善原寺は清水市興津の臨済宗清見寺の未である。その清見寺には江戸時代、朝鮮通信使がしばしば立ち寄っている。ここには戦国時代に人質の身だった家康が住んでいた。そして、寛文縁起と樽系図は家康に忠誠を誓った書という一面を持っているのである。
私にはこれら一連の疑問に答える能力はまったくない。速断が許されるべき問題ではない。だからこれからの課題として残しておくことにしよう。
- reference : diycc.info/taki -

. Yakushipedia ABC-Index 薬師如来 Yakushi Nyorai Bhaisajyaguru .

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ten yori kuru to iu mono 天より来ると云ふ者 Someone coming from Heaven
In the garden of 駿府城 Sunpu Castle
something strange appeared, with four fingers on each limb, worn and torn robes and eating only green frogs.
When asked where it has come from, it said "From Heaven!"
The servants wanted to kill it, but Ieyasu told them to bring it outside and let it go.


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Tokyo 東京都

sennin no moji 仙人の文字 letters of Saint Torakichi
In the year 1580 Ieyasu went hunting. He found four letters on the back of a feather of a crane he had shot down. When he showed them to 虎吉 Saint Torakichi, he told them they were four letters of a spell he used to chant constantly.

. Sendoo Torakichi 仙童寅吉 Sendo Torakichi .
Torakichi, the Tengu apprentice

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Tokyo, 渋谷区 Setagaya

Oman enoki おまん榎 hackberry tree of Lady O-Man
The wife of Ieyasu, O-Man no Kata おまんの方 （お万の方）, once suffered from a toothache. The priest from temple 千寿院 Senju-In took a branch from the enoki 榎 Chinese hackberry tree and made a toothpick out of it. When she put that toothpick in her mouth, she was cured very fast.
The tree is now one of the 千駄ヶ谷の七不思議 seven wonders of Sandagaya .

Senjuuin 仙寿院（せんじゅいん、法霊山仙寿院東漸寺）
- source : wikipedia -

. Edo Nana Fushigi 江戸七不思議 The Seven Wonders of Edo　.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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"Tiger Daruma" 寅童子の化身、徳川家康 with reference to Ieyasu
Ieyasu was born in the year of the tiger, on the day of the tiger and in the hour of the tiger.

- - - - - Read the story here in my blog :
. Hooraiji 鳳来寺 Horai-Ji, Aichi .


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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

Ieyasu Ki 家康忌 Ieyasu Memorial Day
元和2年4月17日（1616年6月1日）June 1

Nikkoo Tooshooguu sai
日光東照宮祭 (にっこうとうしょうぐうさい)
Festival at Toshogu in Nikko
Nikkoo sai 日光祭（にっこうさい）Nikko festival
Tooshooguu sai 東照宮祭（とうしょうぐうさい）Toshogu festisval
yoinarisai 宵成祭（よいなりさい）"coming on the night before"
togyosai 渡御祭（とぎょさい）"honorable parade of the main deity"
May 17, 18

. WKD : Tokugawa Ieyasu .



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家康忌老歯さながら城の石
百合山羽公

久能山に雲こそかかれ家康忌
鳥羽しのぶ

家康の魂ひやゝかに杉木立
正岡子規 Masaoka Shiki

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


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