. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .
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kugi 釘 nail, hook, Nagel
- quote JAANUS -
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kugi 釘 A nail made of metal, wood or bamboo and shaped according to use.
Traditionally, metal kugi are square, kakukugi 角釘. However there are a great variety of other kugi: flat nails hirakugi 平釘; double pointed bent nails aiorekugi 合折釘; double pointed nails aikugi 合釘; twice bent end nijuu orekugi 二重折釘, a thrice bent nails inazuma orekugi 稲妻折釘; and a bag hanging nails fukurokakekugi 袋掛釘.
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aikugi 合釘
Also kurekugi 呉釘, kirikugi 切釘. A straight nail with both ends pointed. It is made of wood, bamboo, iron, or bronze and used to join wooden boards. Some are round in cross section and others are square kakuaikugi 角合釘.
Note that maruaikugi 丸合釘 refers to a Western type nail, and not a round aikugi.
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aiorekugi 合折釘
Also called oreaikugi 折合釘 or mageorekugi 曲折釘. A type of double-pointed iron nail, square in section, and bent into an L-shape. Used to attach the frames of opaque paper sliding screens fusuma 襖, to a skeletal framework, hammered down so that they are not visible from the exterior. Aiorekugi typically are spaced about 21cm apart.
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asagaokugi 朝顔釘
Lit. morning glory nail. A two-pronged nail bent into a right angle for the purpose of hanging a flower vase. The nail usually is driven into the bamboo lath of a vine-laced, lattice-reed window shitajimado 下地窓, or on the lath of a small window hana-akarimado 花明窓, found at the side of the tea house alcove tokonoma 床の間. The points of this nail are bent around the bamboo lath of the window lattice after it has been pounded in. Typically, morning glories 'asagao 朝顔', are displayed in this vase hence the name, but sometimes other flowers are displayed.
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fukurokakekugi 袋掛釘 Lit. bag hanging nail.
A bamboo or iron nail inserted into the middle post nakabashira 中柱, of a tea ceremony room. It is used to hang up the tea caddy bag, shifuku 仕服. The nail is bent to form a hook with the under part being bent at a right angle and rounded to make it easy to hang up the bag gracefully. A small guard regulates how far the nail is to be hammered into the post. The nail is positioned about 11cm above the horizontal wooden piece which holds the extended sleeve wall sodekabe 袖壁, and terminated by the nakabashira. This prevents the bag from touching the floor. Example: Kohouan 孤篷庵 Daitokuji 大徳寺 (rebuilt by Matsudaira Fumai 松平不昧 flourished ca. 1800), Kyoto.
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hanakugi 花釘
A nail used to hang a flower vase in a tea ceremony room chashitsu 茶室. Some are hammered into the center of the alcove tokonoma 床の間, wall and others are hammered into the alcove pillar tokobashira 床柱. The former is also called nakakugi 中釘 and the latter hashirakugi 柱釘 or tokobashira hanakugi 床柱花釘. All are metal nails, bent up into an L- shape to form a hook.
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inazuma orekugi 稲妻折釘
Also nijuu orekugi 二重折釘. A twice bent nail that is used under the ceiling molding or under the attached lintel for hanging scrolls. They are created by first bending them 90 degrees and then a second time.
If set in a channel, musou shibuichi 無双四分一, nails of this type can also be moved to the left or right and are also used for hanging scrolls in an alcove. In this case, they are called inazuma hashirikugi 稲妻走釘 (running right angle hook). The bottom part is inserted through the opening in the web of the channel, and the prongs are bent so that they hang on the edges of the web. When a pair or set of three scrolls are hung, these special nails can be slid to the position needed.
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jikukakekugi 軸掛釘 / Also jikukugi 軸釘, kakemonokugi 掛物釘.
A hook for hanging scrolls kakemono 掛物 that is made of metal or bamboo and hammered into the upper part of the back wall, or the bottom edge of the ceiling molding of a tea ceremony alcove tokonoma 床の間. Metal jikukakekugi are bent twice to form a three-pronged, trident shape. If made of bamboo, the hook is hammered straight into the wall, or with a slight upward incline in a rustic style tea ceremony room.
Bamboo nails are 0.63cm long and are nailed 2.8cm below the ceiling molding, projecting from the wall. Around the late 16c - early 17c, in shoin 書院 style tea rooms one, three, four or eight scrolls were hung and each had a hook. When three hooks, mitsukugi 三ﾂ釘, were used, the right and left ones were made smaller and projected 3cm. When a set of three scrolls, sanpukutsui 三幅対, were hung, in a large shoin style room, a board 6-8mm thick, 12-30cm wide and 180cm long was nailed to the bottom edge of the ceiling molding and a groove was made so that the inserted zigzag shaped nails could be moved easily.
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kaiorekugi 貝折釘
Also written 皆折釘. A large, square, angular nail used for wooden or bamboo fences. Its head is bent at right angles but has a gable-shaped top. It varies from 8-9cm to 20-30cm long.
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musoukugi 無双釘 Musokugi
Also musou orekugi 無双折釘. A type of nail used to hang a scroll in an alcove nakakugi 中釘. A nail which is composed of two parts: a sharply pointed tip and a second part which is bent up at a right angle to form a hook. The pointed part is securely driven into the plastered wall of an alcove and the latter part can be inserted into a fixed pocket and removed at will. This type of nail prevents damage to the scroll. It may also be used to hang a flower vase.
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nakakugi 中釘
Also hanakugi 花釘, tokonakakugi 床中釘 (see orekugi 折釘).
A nail hammered into the center of the back wall of an alcove tokonoma 床の間, on which to hang a flower vase or a scroll in a tea ceremony room. The nail is bent in such a fashion that when it is driven into the wall the back of the scroll is not damaged. Most nakakugi are placed about 1 m above the surface of the straw mat tatami 畳, but this distance varies widely, usually from 90cm-150cm, depending on the height of the ceiling.
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nijuu orekugi 二重折釘
Also called kakemonokugi 掛物釘. A type of hooked nail orekugi 折釘.
A square, double-bent nail that is used to hang scrolls kakemono 掛物. The nail head forms a ' コ' shape. A nail with three bends is called sanjuu orekugi 三重折釘.
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noshigata-no-kugi 熨斗形の釘
An archaic term for taru-no-kuchi 樽の口. Also called kanimekugi 蟹目釘 or noshigashira kugi 熨斗頭釘.
A large, half-dome-shaped nail similar to a present day rivet. The WAMYOUSHOU 倭名抄 describes it as a large, high-headed nail, kashiradaka ookugi 頭高大釘. It is used to secure a gable pendant, gegyo 懸魚 or a non-penetrating tie beams, nageshi 長押.
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orekugi 折釘 A type of hooked nail made from one piece of iron.
It is bent at a right angle and is square in cross section. The name is a corruption of orikugi 折釘. Orekugi are used for both the interior and exterior of a tea ceremony house *chashitsu 茶室. There are many different sizes and most have stops or guards which determine the extent to which the nail can be inserted into a wall, post, or molding. Orekugi are named according to their placement, or purpose. There are many types of bent nails.
These include: fukurokakekugi 袋掛釘; musoukugi 無双釘; asagaokugi 朝顔釘; *tokobashirahana kugi 床柱花釘; tokonakakugi 床中釘; tokokakenaka kugi 床掛中釘; and tokootoshikake kugi 床落掛釘.
折釘に掛た所が粽哉
orekugi ni kaketa tokoro ga chimaki kana
from a hooked nail
they hang here,
these Chimaki dumplings . . .
. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .
. Chimaki 粽 dumplings for the Boy's festival, May 5 .
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sanjuu orekugi 三重折釘
A nail that is bent in three tines at a ninety degree angle.
Like the twice bent nail, nijuu orekugi 二重折釘, it is used to hang various kinds of decorative objects. Also called *inazuma orikugi 稲妻折釘.
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takekugi 竹釘 bamboo nail
Usually the nail is 7.5mm square and made from giant bamboo, madake 真竹 (also nigatake 苦竹). They have a hook on which to hang scrolls and are used in a small room or alcove, tokonoma 床の間. When pounded into a wall, the nail project 27mm with the exterior skin on the upper side. Kobori Enshuu 小堀遠州 (1579-1647) and Kanamori Souwa 金森宗和 (1584-1656) preferred nailing takekugi into a wall with the exterior skin on the under side. Hooked bamboo nails were used in a tea ceremony houses, chashitsu 茶室, kitchen, mizuya 水屋, for hanging up towels used to wipe tea implements.
Bamboo nails made from a smaller variety of bamboo that has a smooth surface with non-protruding joints are used by cabinet makers. Once shaped as nails, they are roasted in an iron pot and therefore have a brownish color.
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tokobashirahana kugi 床柱花釘 / hashirakugi 柱釘
tokonakakugi 床中釘; tokokakenaka kugi 床掛中釘; and tokootoshikake kugi 床落掛釘.
Also hanakugi 花釘. A nail on which a flower vase can be hung. It is nailed onto an alcove post tokohashira 床柱 in a tea ceremony room chashitsu 茶室. Opinion varies on its proper position which ranges from 33cm below the alcove lintel otoshigake 落掛, to 97cm above the straw mat tatami 畳 floor.
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wakugi 和釘
Also called nihonkugi 日本釘. A square nail used during and after the Tumulus period (CE 300-538/552). The nail was made of hand-wrought iron and was from 3cm-60cm long. Wakugi were classified by the shape of the nail head. The oldest nail of this type had a square head. Other heads were flat or spiral in shape. The nails were used to secure roof tiles yanegawara 屋根瓦, to eave ends, *nokisaki 軒先. Double pointed nails were used to join two wooden members to make a line like a seam, nuime 縫目. This method appeared during the Heian period (794-1185). At the Houryuuji Gojuu-no-tou 法隆寺五重塔, 27 different types of nails have been identified, ranging in length from slightly over 3.03,to over 60.9.
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yanagikugi 柳釘
Also yanagikakekugi 柳掛け釘. A nail hammered into a partially plastered post yanagibashira 柳柱 (see youjibashira 楊子柱), usually found in a 4 1/2 mat tea ceremony room chashitsu 茶室. The nail is hammered into the upper part of the post (the unplastered part) and a hanging flower vase is hung from it. According to Sen Soutan 千宗旦 (1578-1658) the nail gets its name from springs of willow draped from the nail at New Years. Examples can be seen at Yuuin 又隠 at Urasenke 裏千家, and Onigawara-no-seki 鬼瓦席 at Koudaiji 高台寺 both in Kyoto.
- source : JAANUS -
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. kasugai 鎹 / かすがい clamp, cramp, cleat, staple .
. yanefuki 屋根葺き roofer, craftsman making roofs .
using nails
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deru kugi wa utareru 出る釘は打たれる "A nail that sticks out will be hammered"
deru kui wa utareru 出る杭は打たれる "A stake that sticks out will be hammered"
. The nail that sticks out . . . .
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kui 杭 - kigui 木杭 Pile
A wooden stake or post driven into the ground.
Closely placed round wooden posts, often shaved to a point, pounded into the ground to form a base that can transfer the down bearing load from the superstructure through the footing, sills, or foundation to the ground. This system has been used from very ancient periods for foundation ground work. Pine logs were most common, but Japanese cedar, sugi 杉, and evergreen oak, kashi 樫, were also used. The stakes had to reach down below the water table, as they decayed if they dried up. In order to strengthen the tip of the kui when driving into hard ground, a protective metal band called a pile shoe, kutsukanamono 沓金物, was sometimes added.
hikaegui 控杭 pole, post
Any upright pole or post added to the inside of a castle wall for extra support. While hikaegui increased the strength of the wall, they did make it more difficult to move around close to the wall on the interior because the light was dim and people could easily fall against these protections.
- source : JAANUS -
国分尼寺守る杭打つ初仕事
Kokubun Niji mamoru kui utsu hatsu shigoto
first work of the year
to strengthen the piles
of nunnery Kokubun-ji
土屋尚 Tsuchiya Masa
. Kokubunji 国分寺 Kokubun-Ji .
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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .
. kugi 釘 伝説 Legends about nails and curses .
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折釘に烏帽子かけたり春の宿
orekugi ni eboshi kaketari haru no yado
On a bent hook
hangs an official's cap,
the lodging house in spring.
Tr. Yuki Sawa
. Yosa Buson - Collection - 蕪村句集 Kushu .
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kugikakushi, kugi kakushi 釘隠し "hiding the nails" nail-hiding ornament
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kugikakushi 釘隠
An ornament used to conceal the head of a large nail on a pressing tie rail *nageshi 長押 and on doors. Made of wood, copper, iron, or gilt bronze. From the Momoyama period techniques of cloisonne *shippou 七宝, inlay *zougan 象嵌, and openwork *sukashibori 透彫, decoration were used, and new materials such as ceramics were introduced. Pre-10c kugikakushi were hemispherical in shape and known as *bai 唄, manjuu kanamono 饅頭金物 (see *manjuugata 饅頭形) or *chichikanamono 乳金物.
From about the 10c, kugikakushi were designed using a circle of flower-petal shapes.
The most common types were the four-petalled *shiyou 四葉, six-petalled *rokuyou 六葉, and eight-petalled *hachiyou 八葉. They consisted of a central projection *taru-no-kuchi 樽の口 (cask plug), a round body *kikuza 菊座, and surrounding petal shapes *zagane 座金.
- source : JAANUS
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CLICK for more photos !
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Decorative Nail Covers
Colored in various hues, these pieces are thought to be reproductions of nail covers with inlaid cloisonné. The attributed artist Ninsei (also known as Nonomura Seiemon, d. 1694), the prominent Kyoto ware ceramicist of the latter half of the seventeenth century, was a master in the technique of overglaze enamels.
Although these small pieces have no identifiable stamp or inscription, the variegated paints of gold, silver, red, blue, and green, demonstrate the features of Ninsei's Omuro ware. Moreover, considering that these pieces came from the Marugame Kyôgoku clan, which is known for its rich collection of Ninsei works, it appears highly likely that these pieces are authentic.
- source : www.emuseum.jp/detail -
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雛の間へ一間ごとの釘隠し
hina no ma e hitoma goto no kugi kakushi
to the room with Hina dolls
every room is decorated
with nail-hiding ornaments
Yasome Aiko 八染藍子 (1934 - )
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釘隠しまでも梅鉢あたかかし
kugi kakushi made mo umebachi atatakashi
even the nail-hiding ornaments
like a plum-blossom
feels so warm
Gotoo Yahan 後藤夜半 Goto Yahan (1895 - 1976)
umebachi was the family crest of the Maeda clan.
Kaga-umebachi kamon
Umebachi kamon in the shape of an ume blossom is the family crest of the Maedas of Daishoji clan (a branch family of Kaga clan) who originated Kutaniyaki Porcelain. An ume, together with a chrysanthemum, bamboo and an orchid was one of four flowers likened to wise man in old China, and the crest has deep relation with Tenjin faith.
The design is classified roughly into two patterns －realistic pattern and geometric pattern in the shape of ume blossom with five single petals. The Maedas used design to be called Kaga-umebachi that intended particular distinction from other similar family crests in shape of ume blossom.
source : kutanimus-volunteers.com
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啓蟄の日がとどきたり釘隠
小室善弘
春荒れのひと夜や鶴の釘隠し
長崎玲子
水亭は釘隠さへかきつばた
飴山實
行く春や緑青をふく釘隠し
渡部義雄
釘隠良夜の釘を隠しをり
真鍋呉夫
黴の戸の栄枯高きに釘隠
古舘曹人
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