Robin D. Gill quotes

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]

. fûzoku　風俗 Fuzoku, entertainment and sex business .
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- Robin D. Gill -
- From Wee Tinkle To Woeful Torrent -

Inspired by the
. shoobengumi, shôben-gumi　小便組　Shobengumi, "the urine gang"　 .
I got permission from Robin to post his pages about peeing here.


It is part of his book



The Woman Without a Hole -
& Other Risky Themes from Old Japanese Poems

To read it all here :
- source : books.google.co.jp -


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From Wee Tinkle To Woeful Torrent - - - シイシイ から ザアザア まで

小便の音 - - - The Sound of Piss

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娘シイ年増のはじゅウ 乳母のはザア 一五六
musume shii toshima no wa juu uba no wa zaa

daughters go shii
experienced women juu
and wet-nurses zaa

a maiden tinkles
mother showers, wet-nurse
just pours down!

This is very late Willow ku (bk 156) is poetry if Old McDonald Had a Farm is. Yet you can bet it made its author and editor happy, for chances are no senryu (or haiku) before it contained more than two piss noises in 17 syllabets. Such is the nature of competitive short-form literature. Moreover, onomatopoeia itself takes on the nature of a word game in Japanese where one may find whole dictionaries devoted to matching sounds both physical and psychological with their proper subject (or, is it object?). Perhaps the closest English equivalent would be the collective nouns of venery (as in hunting) assembled after Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, who did it in a novel (where a young man was quizzed as to the proper terms for various groups of game), and thoroughly but not exhaustively supplemented by James Lipton (An Exaltation of Larks, or the venereal game: 1968). It turned into a parlour game. Old McDonald aside, English keeps the lion’s share of its extraordinarily good sound sense (it suffices to consider stop and shrimp) under wraps – I call it built-in as opposed to apparent mimesis – so such games combining aspects of matching, collecting and guessing, do not work.

an
Edo
observation:
girls go tinkle,
their mamas shower,
but wet-nurses can power
a hydro-electric plant !!!

Pardon the hyperbolic anachronism or anachronistic hyperbole as you wish. This example of one of the oddest themes to ever chapter a book come from Cuntologia (女陰万考) whose page on the subject starts with an explanation about why a woman’s urination was said to sound like a cataract (「女の小便滝の音」), namely, it gushes so powerfully for being far closer to the bladder than a man’s nozzle. I think I would call it oxygenated, for the sound sometimes resembles that of water coming from a tap with a filter. But such spigots were not around back then and because we moderns generally piss into water (I guess this makes us closer to raccoons, who do the same), males now sound as loud if not louder, in a less hissy way, for the longer distance to splashdown and the sound-box effect of the bowl.

しのをつく様にお乳母は小便し 摘 四
shino o tsuku yô ni uba wa shôben-shi

like a torrential downpour
the wet-nurse’s water
is an ear-sore

raining cats and dogs?
well, a wet-nurse
pisses hogs!

The wet-nurse, proverbially slack, as we see in another chapter, pisses true to character, or rather, stereotype. The shino in the original is a small variety of bamboo that combined with tsuku (stick/stab) denotes, as far as I could make out, a big bundle of slender projectiles flying together into something “downpour” literally translates as “sticks shino” and that idiomatically means a torrential cataract of a rain, what we might call “raining cats and dogs” but in Japanese is usually “raining spears.” I added “ear-sore” in one reading because this rain doesn’t always strike the ears as music (see Mother Goose: It’s raining, its pouring, the old man is snoring verse) and to bring out the insulting quality intrinsic to wet-nurse senryu. Directly after the above ku, Mr. Cuntology intro-duced a 7-7 epigram that transliterates as “affection-exhausts/ing piss/ing-sound” (aisô no tsukiru shôben no oto).

Where went the lovers’ bliss?

falling out of love to
the sound of piss
Love’s dead, the proof is this

you suddenly hear it
the sound of piss

love’s dirge

the sound of piss
from one who
no longer
cares

The verb in the original leaves room for ambiguity. I think it means that awareness of the sound of piss marks the death of love, but it may mean that the pisser is no longer trying to piss in a manner to please, or, at any rate not alienate the other, so the sound really is different.

cupid flown
discretion ceases
now she pisses as she
damn well pleases!

But most women in senryu did care:

なりつたけ娵小べんをほそくする
narittake yome shôben o hosoku suru   摘2-21

just married, she
would do all her pissing
through a pin-hole

a young wife
does her best to keep thin
her stream of piss

the bride tries
her best to keep a bridle
on her piss

the new wife
keeps her piss as narrow
as possible

The dietary joke in the second reading is an anachronism. In Japan, brides (young wives living with their husband’s family) had to struggle not to grow thin, for, if senryu are right, mother-in-laws preferred growing hair in closets (mold on hidden dumplings) to satisfying the appetite of their son’s wife. The bride is both struggling not to sound gross to her husband and, I would think, not to challenge

her mother-in-law with a bold display of sound.

たしなんた尼ハ小便しわくさせ 万 宝
tashinanda ama wa shôben shiwaku sase  13

prudently
the nun works to knit up
her pissing

decorously
the nun puts pleats in
her sheet of piss

to be discreet
sister puts pleat after pleat
into her piss

Shiwaku sase is “to wrinkle” or “put folds in.” This nun is embarrassed to reveal her gross humanity rather than one trying to sound demure and feminine.

小便をいきめば器量がどっとせず 五
shôben o ikimeba kiryô ga dotto sezu
(urine/piss[acc] strain-if/when looks/beauty plenty-does-not)

straining at pee
for all the world knows beauty
does not gush

squeezing her pee
for cats and dogs would mar
her beauty

a careful piss
her beauty won’t mean shit
if it bursts out

beauty’s boudoir
strains her pee lest it belie
her fragility

Usually the verb ikimu is used for straining at stool; here it means trying to restrict it rather than push it out faster, but both activities involve squeezing and breath-holding. First, I imagined a maid-servant who presumes to be a beauty, then a pretty mistress, a “Celia Pisses!” I took the Japanese from Cuntologia, but alas, it and, hence, my readings are probably wrong! A 1995 reprint from a prestigious publisher (岩波文庫), and a 1927 reprint (日本名著全集版) have one less syllabet – making it proper, for the above version was a syllabet over, something rare in the middle part of a senryu. “Ikimeba,” or “strain-if/when” becomes “imeba,” to have a strong aversion for, or “loathe-if/when.”
In this case, the allusion would be to a popular scam –popular in senryu at any rate – called “the piss team” (小便組 shôben-gumi), where an exceptionally beautiful woman becomes a mistress on extraordinarily reasonable terms, and within a week or two starts pissing in bed, then demands a high settlement fee to break off with her patron, i.e., the victim. Unfortunately, the final five syllabets, dotto sezu, have a number of readings. Using the same one used above, a figurative translation might be: “If they hate piss / they are not blessed with / drop-dead looks,” a round-about way of saying that one rarely gets lucky with beauties. But another idiomatic reading of dotto sezu, gives us –

小便をいめば器量がどっとせず   五
shôben o imeba kiryô ga dotto sezu
(urine/piss [acc] loathe-if/when looks/beauty cares-for-not)

if you loathe piss,
beauty is something
you can miss!

fear piss enough
and you will not dare
care for beauty

these beauties
will find nothing amiss
if you hate piss

The first and second readings seem weak of wit, so I prefer the last, which takes the “looks” (kiryô) for the person – something possible then, but not today. I.e., the beauties want someone who hates it so they can lose their job and gain that severance package. What’s funny is how attention is called to a perfectly normal dislike of piss in bed. But I am beginning to feel like a fool for wasting so much time on one stupid senryu – I even had one more reading: By definition he hates pee / A woman who doesn’t gush is a beauty! – and leave it only as an example of how a lack of pronouns can make some poems horribly polysemous. While all three imeba versions may be wrong, chances are that Mr. Cuntology misread. I went along with his ikimeba reading because it was surrounded by other ku about that same idea. As Laurence Sterne’s Tristam Shandy (1759-67) once explained:

“It is the nature of a hypothesis, when once a man has conceived it, that it assimilates everything to itself as proper nourishment; and, from the first minute of your begetting it, it generally grows stronger by every thing you see, hear, read, or understand. This is of great use.”
(Go read this old post-modern novel if you have not!).

If you listen for strained piss, you will hear it. Enough, one last ku to get rid of the piss-team and we will get back on the main path of this essay.

小便は古イと妾あわをふき   万
shôben wa furui to mekake awa o fuki

piss is old
so this mistress
spews foam

piss is old hat
so now mistresses are
foaming over

A confidence trick must be new to work. With bed-wetting so well-known, it was time to move on . . . to epilepsy. I suppose the poet invented this, for I encounter no more of these ku, while the piss-team continues in senryu for generations!

めつきりと・小便ほそふする娘　かぢ枕 宝暦六　
mekkiri-to shôben hososuru musume

a young maiden
all too obviously
thins her pee

Coming of Age in Senryu, or at least a 1756 zappai. I will not explain how the 7-5 plays on the letters of the adverb めっきり(obviously). Suddenly self-conscious, a young girl squeezes her piss. Do her parents hear that their daughter is no longer innocent? The sound is not given in the ku, but we are conscious of it. So women of various ages and professions all worried about how they sounded pissing. The author of Cuntology also gives a ku about a woman in the Court, I cannot understand, though I imagine it means someone has the job of covering the sound, as a radio might do for bashful moderns, and concludes his “Sound of Pissing” section with a word of sympathy for the high-stress lifestyle these women led, when even the natural pleasure of release in urination may not be enjoyed chibiri-chibiri (in drips and drabbles), when one is afraid to let it all out.

欲心の無い小便を下女は垂れ
yokushin no nai shôben o gejo wa tare
(desire/greed-heart’s not urine[acc]maid-as-for drip)

the maid-servant
lets loose a stream of piss
without avarice

Nor artifice, for it is the same thing. The verb, tare, normally used for male pissing, suggests a real stream of piss. But maids are generally reserved for sex in senryu. It is the wet-nurse who cannot piss without becoming a target for senryu:

あいくつわむしさと乳母ハたれて居る  摘　
ai kutsuwa-mushi sa to uba-wa tarete-iru 1-28

“it’s only a giant katydid”
says the nurse-maid
making water

あいくつわむしさと乳母ハたれて居る  摘
ai kutsuwa-mushi sato-uba wa tarete-iru 1-28

a giant katydid?
the country wet-nurse
is taking a piss!

Without the Chinese characters, we have yet another ambiguous reading for the first ku. The sa is an emphatic which I made “it’s only,” and the to means that what came before it was spoken (a verbal quote-mark, lacked by English), but together sato means “country.” Regardless, we may assume the “giant katydid” (Mecopoda elongata) does not say “Katy did!” but sounds like a cataract.

乳母たれる向ふでくろがほへて居る 万 安四
uba tareru mukô de kuro ga hoete-iru

nurse-maid pisses
and, over the way, hark!
blacky is barking

That is enough attention paid to the sound of piss in senryu, though I am sure there must be much more, and better, for Japanese prose was full of it – there are entire lines of onomatopoeia following a piss from start to finish! Honest to goodness, purely verbal musical scores that read like jazz scats. Here is one I recalled reading in Inoue Hisashi’s personal grammar+reader in Japanese (井上ひさし著『私版日本語読本』), kindly looked up & economically transcribed by Y, the partner or doppelganger of O (I don’t have it straight yet) who works in a NY bookstore – for I am currently exiled from my books – which has it in stock: シヤリ（+くりかえし記号４回）ザラ（+４回）シヤア（+４回）ヂウ（+４回）シイシ（+１回）トツクリ（+１回）ポトン、チヨビン (I forgot to ask its original source) 。
.
sharisharisharisharishari, zarazarazarazarazara, shashashashasha,
jujujujuju, shiishishiishi, tokkuri tokkuri, poton, chobin!

It seems the mimesis picks up in mid-urination and the sound is altered by the varying thickness of the flow – maybe something was going on within sight of the pisser – and, possibly by what the piss strikes, and it ends on some notes that indicate the manner in which the flow is shut-down, though I dare not try to read it.

サホ姫のしと／＼降るや春の雨　
sao-hime no shito-shito furu ya haru no ame
teitoku 1570-1653 貞徳　崑山

princess spring is out again
making flowers bloom
fine pizzling rain

A original is only “Princess Sao’s is falling shito-shito: spring rain.” The idea of making flowers bloom comes from reading Alexander Pope on women-as-clouds & vice-versa and from reading a ku by Issa, in whose sundry collection of dialect (方言雑集：全集七) I found Teitoku’s ku. Issa’s ku may already be in another of my books and, lacking mimesis, does not really belong here, but it is my favorite of Issa’s half a dozen Goddesses pissing ku, so here it is:

さほ姫のばりやこぼしてさく菫   一茶
saohime no bari ya koboshite saku sumire   文政三

where princess sao
spilled her urine, there
bloom the violets!

Classic poetry credited rain and mist with dyeing flowers and leaves. But what a beautiful complement to Ben Franklin’s observation that eating pine nuts could make urine smell like violets – the scent of ideal urine (?) – in his Letter to the French Academy of Science suggesting study be given to improving the smell of farts! And, so long as we are off-subject, let me say that there are older pee poems in Japanese than Teitoku’s. The earliest I know is in the Manyôshû (9c). It is not about pissing but a rare example of something famously rare in Japanese, cussing. A lover upset at another’s unfaithfulness used piss (shiko) to modify this and that (one that was a bed, if I recall right) three times in a tiny 31 syllabet complaint – ancient Japanese used it as British did the word “bloody.” But Teitoku’s is the first clear piss mimesis of the type that would soon become ubiquitous in Edo era literature. that I know of, and, right next to it, Issa jotted down (bassackwards) the most famous of all, or the only classic pissing poem:

サホ姫の春立ながらしとをしてかすみの衣裾はぬれけり 一茶記　犬筑波集
sao-hime no haru tachinagara shito o shite kasumi no koromo suso o nurekeri [sic. ★]

Princess Sao
tinkles with the coming
of the spring

Wetting the hems
of her misty robes
With her spring
Princess Sao makes water
standing tall

Wetting the misty
hems of her robes

The standing=arriving [Spring] does not English. Reading the original, one thinks of Kyoto, where women, like men, pissed into collection troughs while standing. Neither this nor Bashô’s well-known late-fall shower (mura-shigure) that wanders about like a dog whizzing a wee bit here and a wee bit there (inu no kakebari), or Issa’s many pissing ku, use sound words. Usually, Issa uses plenty. Could he hold back when dealing with crude material lest his high ku be considered low?

雨だれは只さほ姫の夜尿かな  犬子集 (1633)
ame dare wa tada sao hime no yobari [or yojito]kana
(rain drops-as-for just sao princess’s night-piss!/?/’tis)

those rain drops?
just little princess sao
wetting her bed

The rude metaphor used in this ku, dating to about the same time as Teitoku’s, feels senryu, but is haiku in direction (nature described by the human).

つみ草に来てハこらへるいなた姫  万
tsumigusa ni kite wa koraeru inada-hime  宝九

draw-verse: it’s so scary!

plucking herbs
she holds it in all the while
a princess inada

princess inada
comes to pluck herbs but
must hold it in

There is no sound here but the chuckling of the poet. The main themes in pissing (or not pissing) by women in senryu are 1) wanting to sound feminine, or sounding otherwise, as explained above; 2) the gorgeous piss-gang (小便組 shôben-gumi) mistress who wets her bed on purpose to make a man dislike her and gain a severance fee; 3) men pissing somewhere they shouldn’t; 4) Things that happen when pissing – thoughts, civilities, observances of nature; 5) women, mostly blind, unaware they are being spied upon by a man, generally their servant; 6) fear of being violated by snakes if they do it in the country, and 7) Fear of doing it on worms (like snakes vindictive?). If I did not fear creating yet another 740 pg worst-seller (I already have two), I would have introduced more of each, but this wee sample must do. Pissing evidently did not piss-off the censors, for Blyth catches enough of 3) – perhaps the most amusing category – and 4), so I was able to let them go and instead chose to concentrate on sound, for its raw quality makes it sound senryu.

The above ku, from Karai Senryû’s earliest major collection, is one of the wittiest examples of 6). Princess Inada, more commonly Kushinada-hime, daughter of an ancient King, bound to be the next victim of the Leviathan, Yamato no Orochi, was saved when a suitor got the serpent drunk and cut it/him to bits. Please note that without the use/non-use of particles, in Japanese, the princess in the poem may be the princess, i.e. an imagined hap-pening after the mythological princess was married to her brave suitor (for noble women went out in the Spring for herbs), AND a Princess Inada, which is to say a clever idea for a name for all women who tend to hold it in on field trips (more likely fearing chiggers or leeches or poisonous plants than snakes). In English, the ku cannot have it both ways; it must be OR, one or the other, as determined by the use or non-use of an “a.” That is far more important than whether the syntax puts the Princess in the first line or the last, as it is in the original.

しゝの出ル穴ハ別さとさゝめこと   摘3-16
shishi no deru ana wa betsu sa to sasamegoto pinch
(“peepee’s leaving hole-as-for different [+emph]” whisper-words)

pillow talk:
telling him the pee hole
is different

“you know, the hole
for pee is not the same”
sweet nothings

“so you thought
the pee hole was the same!”
young lovers

I can recall an argument with friends in primary school about this same problem. Boys just do not know. Moreover, if women really worried about how they piss (as senryu would have it), you might think it reflected on the diameter of their vaginas, and one word for vagina in Japanese was the ninth hole 第九穴 (when anyone who counts the urethra separate would come up with ten, or twelve, counting tits). Shishi is a colloquial term with good sound quality. I did not do a chapter on holes as I save them for a whole book I will probably never write.

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~ eddies ~
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Other Onomatopoeia. More mimetic senryu in this book may be found in passim, but here, two fine examples should suffice for the sound of things other than pissing.

悪ふざけ障子をスポン／＼抜き  85-22
waru-fuzake shôji o supon supon nuki

a bad prank:
popping out from
a paper wall

horse-play
pop! pop! through
a paper wall

Or, is it, rather “popping in” ? The original mimesis, supon, cannot be matched by English unless we add a moving s to pop, making it “spop!” or “spopping.” It does not allude to but evokes the suppon, a long-neck soft-shell snapping turtle identified with the penis and eaten or drunk (the blood) as a fortifier for men. This mimesis is not one of those commonly repeated, so I imagine two men, either doing it on a dare possibly to surprise a maid, or else, in their own rundown pad after painting a woman or women on the paper. Another reason for two or more men, rather than one, poking multiple holes is that cock-matches (mara-kurabe), contesting size, erective power (lifting strength) and hardness (punching through paper) were common, at least in picture scrolls of such fun (who can speak for reality?). There would be an old paper door, window or room partition – shôji can be any of these, and doors that slide are often nothing but partitions, ergo “wall” (scene of our pecker-through-the-mouse-hole jokes) – that is, easily spopped paper to make it tempting. Since Japanese tend to be neatnicks, such activity would take place at years-end, when the paper would be replaced anyway.

がさ／＼といふととんぼうつるむ也   摘
gasagasa to iu to tonbô tsurumu nari 4-30
(rustling say and dragonflies mating is)

what makes
a rustling sound? mating
dragonflies

a dry sound?
it would be the fucking
dragonflies

This is a senryu often reprinted and probably has been Englished elsewhere. It starts in a manner that reminds us of listing, where one might be challenged to supply examples of “things that rustle,” but some readers might recall Saikaku’s gay(!) dragonflies as well.

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Issa’s Goddess/Violet Ku. Because this chapter concerns pissing I emphasized the Goddess but please note that Issa’s ku is, at heart, a violet (sumire) ku, excellent because it indirectly describes the place where violets are found, ground so damp another Issa ku explains, “I sit after / spreading out tissue paper: / violet-viewing” (鼻紙を敷て居 (すわ) れば菫哉 hanakami o shiite suwareba sumire kana). Issa did not actually say “viewing” and the tissue is literally “nose-paper,” but you get the idea: he didn’t want his seat to get wet. It was a mistake for the editors of Issa’s ALL to only include the ku in question under “Princess Sao” and forget to at least mention it in under the theme “violet.”
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More Pissing Ku type 3 and 4. The “Pissing on the Moon” chapter of A Dolphin in the Woods (in progress) has men pissing where they shouldn’t and my Fifth Season has them pissing while engaged in civilities. Please note, I do not have particular interest in making water; it just happens to be a favorite theme of the haiku master I know best, Issa.
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Pissing Type 5, or, Watching Blind Women Pee? I have half a dozen such before me now, of which my favorite has someone, almost surely the blind singer’s attendant, so eager to get a peek that he is tip-toeing (nuki-ashi). I also have a picture, with a poor senryu and hundreds of words of prose, showing a man legs spread wide like a giraffe at a waterhole, bent so low to get a good view that his chin is all but grazed by the jet of urine, while the fingers of one hand rest in the rivulet created by the same! The fingertips of his other hand are barely visible reaching around his massive cock in mid-ejaculation. The message for us? Even in a culture with a relaxed view of nudity, men got off by looking.

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Huge Serpent Lovers. If you find such myths and the way they are used in poetry today interesting, Yamato no Orochi appears in a number of translated sea cucumber haiku you may find in Rise, Ye Sea Slugs! (Paraverse Press, 2003)
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★ Issa’s Inu (Dog) Tsukuba Princess Pissing on her Robe. Since Issa, with his word-book, was concerned with the term used for pissing (shito suru) in the old haikai, he put the 5-7-5 that followed the 7-7 first, simply because it had the phrase. The original order is better. Hiroaki Sato skillfully precedes it with a linked verse from the slightly earlier Shinsen (new) Tsukubashû (1495), some call the start of honest-to-goodness haikai, where Monk Sôzei wonders “whether he’s looking at the inside or outside of the robe because the day has not fully broken.” Then he gives the opening linked-verse of the Inu (dog=pseudo) Tsukubashû (1536): “the robe of haze is wet at its hem / Princess Sao of spring pissed as she started.” He passes over the standing connection, but his “started” is itself a good pun – I use it several times in The Fifth Season with respect to Spring’s starting/standing – and his broader explanation is elegant:

The maeku (initial part) is innocuous enough; but, instead of explaining conventionally why the robe is wet, the respondent – it could have been Sôkan – says it is because the goddess of spring inopportunely succumbed to the call of nature. (One Hundred Frogs: 1983)

Other Japanese explanations where the haze stands for the vanishing waka replaced by the wet (full of bodily humors?) haikai. Then, in the heyday of haikai, in the 1633 Enoko (dog/puppy) collection, we have the more outrageous pissabed goddess we saw in the maintext. But so long as we are off-subject, a few more examples from Issa’s word-book, or “vernacular miscellany” (方言雑記) as it is called. On the same page as the pissing Princess: “Shiritasuki [shiridasuki],” a butt that looks like it has been criss-crossed by a tasuki sash/chord (see page 299). The OJD explains this means someone is so thin their butt gets folds. Pages before we learn the fine line between the privates and the anus is called “ants’ gate-crossing” (蟻の門渡り), i.e., a single file from gate to gate. And, before that, we find “chopenashi: when an old man etc. pinches a woman’s butt”(一茶全集七巻).

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One Meta-mimetic Senryu.
The following is so simple an observation that only an extraordinarily alert poet could catch it.
.
家毎に風は違った音を立て　素人
ie goto ni kaze wa chigatta oto o tate

the wind makes
a different sound
at each house

I found this ku in Blyth’s Japanese Life and Character . . , with no source given (Change “at” to “Round” & uncenter for his translation). Blyth writes “This is yet another example of how the poetry of senryu is different from that of haiku.” It is also an extraordinarily poetic ku. ◎What I mean by the title of this eddy, “meta-mimetic,” is that I wonder if people might listen more carefully to sounds other than the human because of their tendency to turn so many of them into onomatopoeia. The ku does not itself contain mimesis, but it may have been born of it. (Note: Japanese intellectuals can get quite conceited about their mimesis and, since I hate collective boasting as much as I hate individual boasting – unless it is damn funny hyperbole ala Davy Crockett – I have also pointed out that the existence of settled upon onomatopoeia for so many sounds may dull ears to the real thing. That argument and what I wrote above may both be true.) ◎ And, why so much use of mimesis/tic rather than onomatopoeia/tic? 1), it is shorter; 2), it includes psychological sound effects which are clearly recognized in Japanese but not in English; 3) it is easier to spell and remember if you only know what mime means. Try using the word. If others mimic you, soon we may be able to discuss sound more easily.

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～　蛇足　～

仮章題には、「シイちゃんからザアザ・ガボール迄」の方が良かったかしら？　




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. shoben, shooben　（小便), the" small business" .
often pronouced shomben.
to pee, bari suru　ばり, 尿 ( ばり ) する
piss-pot, shibin 尿瓶
piss bucket, shooben oke 小便桶
If you do it standing, it is tachishoben, tachi shôben , 立小便.


. shoobengumi, shôben-gumi　小便組　Shobengumi, "the urine gang"　 .
- Introduction -

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. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. - Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .


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