Edo - the EDOPEDIA -: February 2017

2/22/2017

torimono and jitte

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .
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torimono 捕物 police arrest - Glossary

. hanzai 犯罪 crime and punishment - Glossary .

十手・捕縄事典 - 江戸町奉行所の装備と逮捕術
名和弓雄 Nawa Yumio (1912 - 2006)
Dictionary of Jitte and Torinawa
Edo machibugyosho no sobi to taihojutsu

- reference source : melkdo.jp/item -

第1編捕物捕具編

一捕物道具と捕縛術
中国大陸から伝来
吉宗が改革した「十手捕縄扱い様」

二打物捕具について
鼻捻の発生
鼻捻が捕者道具に転用された理由
現代の警棒にも活用
鼻捻の使い方
鼻捻の変遷
イギリスの警棒と同型

三痿し（萎えし）の効果
痿し（萎えし）の発想
尖端部分の突起を強化
痿し（萎えし）の使い方
手貫紐の効用と握柄
「連れ返し」の技法

四「十手」の出現と呼称の変遷 Jitte
「十手」に対する様々な名称
十手を「骨斧」と称した流派
「一角流」では「手棒」と呼称
「鐵簡」「卦算」の由来
「鐵挺」「銀棒」「鐵尺」の異名

五各流古文書に遺された「十手」異称への考察
明大刑事博物館の「申渡覚」
實手、術手、十挺、十當、賢手、轉木
名称と文字由来への考察
木製鉄鈎十手
木製十手の鈎のつけ方

六異形な十手への工夫と俗称
型稽古用木十手
鍛鉄製十手
鉄製十手の長短と各俗称
太刀もぎの鈎

七鉄製・真鍮製十手も鈎のつけ方
棒身から鍵を鍛造の際に打ち出す法
棒身に角穴をあけ鈎の脚をかすめる十手の鈎のつけ方
蒲鉾形鉄環に鍵を鍛接し、棒身にとおす法
太鼓胴鈎
鈎鍔
割り開きかしめ
牛角鈎、三つ鈎、四つ鈎
通し焼きはめ鈎
サーベル形鈎

八特殊な太刀もぎ鈎のつけ方
美しい形をした「刃鈎」
鈎幅をかえる様式
手錠十手の鈎
鈎の横手に火口があり火蓋のついた鈎
支柱を入れて補強した鈎
鈎の内側に鋸歯
鈎の角に小穴や小鈎
菊座の効用

九十手の握柄と棒身
十手の握柄
握り柄の辷り止めの工夫
下級捕吏用の「藤皮巻」
「こより巻き」「牛の生皮」「牛なめし皮巻き」
「緋羅紗包み」と「鮫皮巻き」
不動明王の破邪降魔剣の五鈷杵を模した柄
与力・同心「銀流し十手」の握柄
十手の棒身と漆懸け
「銀流し」の手法と「銀張り」
「牛皮包み」「なめし皮包み十手」
鞘に入った十手三種
「十手棒身」に象眼あるものは贋物
銀流し与力・同心十手は疑物という説
十手棒身の先端について

十「十手紐付環」と「房紐」
水平回轉環
紐付環の形状
朱銅について
十手の房紐について
与力・同心の十手の房紐の巻き方

十一十手の握り方とその理由
十手の握り方
十手で打ち萎やす四打法
十手を巻いて打つ打法
手首二回転打法

十二十手の分類と見分け方
十一種に分けられる十手
江戸町方与力の十手
江戸町方同心の十手
捕者出役の長十手
奉行所備え付けの「定寸十手」（坊主十手）
目明しの十手
火付盗賊改め方の十手
関東八州取締り出役代官手代・手付き十手
八州番太の十手
八州目明しの十手

十三関西（京都・奈良・大坂）の与力十手の様式
関西の十手の特殊性
関西の与力十手と同心十手の見分け方
関西与力時射てと同心十手の長さの違い
関西、与力・同心十手の房紐について
大坂の捕方の十手房紐について

十四十手の携行方法について
十手袋と袱紗
十手携行が公認される場合
八州取締り出役の代官手代・代官手付
八州の番太・楠流十手
八州の目明し（道案内）の十手
大坂の捕方の十手の携行法

十五十手の製作者について
十手師と書き遺された専門職人
白銀師（錺り職人）
刀鍛冶
鎌鍛冶

十六「十手捕縄術」の系譜について
「江戸町方十手捕縄扱い様」の系譜及び名和宗家に伝承の由来
「十手蒐集と研究」との出会い
「十手術」の魅力

十七鉄刀と鉄鞭及び「鉄人流十手」について
鉄刀
鉄鞭
鉄人流十手

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十八捕縛禁固具について
捕縄 - Torinawa - "capture-rope" - arresting cord
捕縄の長さ
早縄と本縄
捕縄の持ち方、巻き方、解き方
鈎縄
手鎖
早手錠
鍛鉄製早手錠

十九警報用具について
呼子笛
太鼓、拍子木、板木

二十握物捕具について
角手
南蛮鈎
手の内
まろほし

二十一投物捕具について
目潰し具

二十二鎖物捕具について
鉄鎖のつくり方
棍飛
万力鎖
鎖棒
龍吨（熊手）

二十三捕物用照明具について
龕燈提灯
松明
籠火（毬火）
火串
御用提灯

二十四防禦具について
着込
鉢鉄（額當）
鉄笠と鉄楯

二十五長柄仕寄具について
鉄棒
寄棒
打込
袖搦
刺又
突棒
鎖奪い
刀奪い
南蛮棒

二十六明治末期以後の捕具
実用新案特許の十手の出現
能海式手錠十手
台湾警察で開発された特殊警防具
マイティ・スティック（警棒型警戒用具）
分銅付き捕縄内臓手錠付きステッキ

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jitte, jittei 十手 / 實手 metal truncheon of an Edo policeman

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第2編江戸時代の捕方と逮捕術

一捕方の服装
町方与力の服装
町方同心の服装
関東八州取締り出役の服装
八州取締り出役の任免について
アメリカ西部保安官に似た八州番太

二「江戸町方十手扱い様」の制定
「扱い様」制定の時期と理由
「破邪顯正の型」の四つの動き
十手を構える場合の手と脚の動き
「十手の構え」五型について
「双角の構え」四型について

三「江戸町方十手捕縄扱い様」の十二型
型開始前の間合、礼法、抜刀、破邪顯正の型、構えについて
十手一の型「四方拂い」
十手二の型「柄とり」
十手三の型「巻きおとし」
十手四の型「左入身」
十手五の型「右入身」
十手六の型「連れがえし」
十手七の型「座捕り」
十手八の型「上段受け」
十手九の型「閂捕り」
十手十の型「柄返し」
十手十一の型「咽喉輪捕り」
十手十二の型「送り足拂い」

四「江戸町方十手双角」の十八型
「双角の型」とは
「順手双角」一の型
「順手双角」二の型
「順手双角」三の型
「順手双角」四の型
「順手双角」五の型
「順手双角」六の型
「卍双角」七の型
「卍双角」八の型
「卍双角」九の型
「卍双角」十の型
「逆手双角」十一の型
「逆手双角」十二の型
「逆手双角」十三の型
「放鷹双角」十四の型
「放鷹双角」十五の型
「放鷹双角」十六の型
「放鷹双角」十七の型
「放鷹双角」十八の型

五伝承・江戸時代の逮捕術と捕方
与力・同心・小者の出役振り
逮捕術の構えと捌き方
つかみ方・足の掛け方
組み伏せ方

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- quote -
A jitte (十手, literally "ten hands")
is a specialized weapon that was used by police in Edo period Japan. It is also spelled jutte.
History
In feudal Japan, it was a crime punishable by death to bring a sword into the shogun's palace. This law applied to almost everyone, including the palace guards. Due to this prohibition, several kinds of non-bladed weapons were carried by palace guards. The jitte proved particularly effective and evolved to become the symbol of a palace guard's exalted position.
In Edo period Japan
the jitte was a substitute for a badge, and it represented someone on official business. It was carried by all levels of police officers, including high-ranking samurai police officials and low-rank samurai law enforcement officers (called okappiki or doshin). Other high-ranking samurai officials carried a jitte as a badge of office, including hotel, rice and grain inspectors (aratame). The jitte is the subject of the Japanese martial art of jittejutsu.

Description and technique
Jitte may have a small pointed tip or blade attached to the tsuka and hidden in the boshin. Jitte could be highly decorated with all manner of inlays and designs or very plain and basic depending on the status of the owner and the jitte's intended use. Jitte could range in length from around 12 inches to over 24 inches. The modern jitte is about 45 cm (18 inches) long with no cutting edge and a one-pronged tine, called kagi, about 5 cm long starting just above the hilt and pointing toward the tip sentan.
A popular misconception is that the kagi is used to catch a sword. It could possibly be used for this purpose, but the hook's proximity to the hand would make it rather dangerous. When faced with a swordsman, a more likely use for the hook would be to capture and arrest the blade after blocking it with the boshin. The kagi's more common use is to hook into clothing or parts of the body like the nose or mouth, or to push into joints or other weak points on the body. It also could be used to hook the thumb while holding the weapon backwards, to allow different techniques such as punches and blocks, very similarly to a sai. The jitte can also be used in much the same manner as other short sticks or batons, to strike large muscle groups and aid in joint manipulation.

- - - - - Parts of the jitte
Boshin, the main shaft of the jitte which could be smooth or multi sided. The boshin of most jitte were usually iron but some were made from wood.
Sentan, the tip or point of the jitte.
Kagi, the hook or guard protruding from the side of the jitte. Jutte may have more than one kagi with some jitte having two or three kagi.
Kikuza (chrysanthemum seat), if the kagi is attached to the boshin through a hole in the boshin, the protrusion on the opposite side is called a kikuza.
Tsuka, the handle of the jitte which could be left plain, it could also be wrapped or covered with various materials.
Tsukamaki, the wrapping on the handle (tsuka). Materials such as ray skin same', leather, and cord were used for tsukamaki on jittes.
Kan, the ring or loop at the pommel of the tsuka. A cord or tassel could be tied to the kan.
Tsuba, a hand guard present on some types of jitte.
Koshirae. Jitte can occasionally be found housed in a sword type case hiding the jitte from view entirely, this type of jitte can have the same parts and fittings as a sword including:seppa, tsuba, menuki, koiguchi, kojiri, nakago, mekugi-ana and mei.

Other jitte types and similar weapons
Karakuri jitte
Marohoshi
Naeshi or nayashi jitte have no hook or kagi.
Tekkan
Hachiwara

- source : wikipedia -

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torinawa 捕縄 - "capture-rope" - arresting cord

- quote -
Edo Machikata Jitte Torinawa Atsukaiyo
the iron truncheon and arresting cord art practiced by the feudal Edo police, is one of the arts transmitted within Masaki-ryu Nakajima-ha. The art is broadly comprised of Ikkaku (forms practiced with a single jitte) and Sokaku (forms practiced with a jitte in one hand and a hananeji/naeshi in the other). The Sokaku forms are comprised of Namite Sokaku (Jujiken), Sakate Sokaku (Hachijiken), Manji Sokaku (Manjiken) and Hoyo Sokaku.

Namite Sokaku and Sakate Sokaku are mainly used to restrain a violent swordsman, and Hoyo Sokaku include special tactics such as throwing the jitte. Manji Sokaku is mainly comprised of techniques against polearms and chain weapons.

Edo Machikata Jitte Torinawa Atsukaiyo, the iron truncheon and arresting cord art practiced by the feudal Edo police, is one of the arts transmitted within Masaki-ryu Nakajima-ha. The art is broadly comprised of Ikkaku (forms practiced with a single jitte) and Sokaku (forms practiced with a jitte in one hand and a hananeji/naeshi in the other). The Sokaku forms are comprised of Namite Sokaku (Jujiken), Sakate Sokaku (Hachijiken), Manji Sokaku (Manjiken) and Hoyo Sokaku.

Namite Sokaku and Sakate Sokaku are mainly used to restrain a violent swordsman, and Hoyo Sokaku include special tactics such as throwing the jitte. Manji Sokaku is mainly comprised of techniques against polearms and chain weapons.
- source : masakiryu-nakajimaha.org -

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2/20/2017

ninsoku yoseba Hasegawa Heizo

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .
. Persons and People of Edo - Personen .
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ninsoku yoseba 人足寄場 rehabilitation facility for criminals
Hasegawa Heizoo, Hasegawa Heizô 長谷川平蔵　Hasegawwa Heizo / 鬼平 Onihei　

Yoseba bugyoo 寄場奉行 - Yoseba Bugyo Magistrate for the Yoseba
. bugyoo, bugyō 奉行 Bugyo officials in the Edo government .

The first Yoseba was constructed at Ishikawajima 石川島 Ishikawa Island in 1790.

- quote
PUNISHMENT — BOTH CRUEL AND ENLIGHTENED
What was the prevailing attitude regarding the purpose of punishment during the Edo period?
According to the noted legal historian Ishii Ryôsuke, “The penal philosophy of the Edo shogunate was unquestionably preventive. At the beginning, the philosophy of general prevention dominated, but after the adoption of the Osadame-gaki, it was increasingly concerned with particular prevention.”

This focus on particular prevention was especially apparent in the ninsoku yoseba, a special facility for criminals regarded as capable of rehabilitation. The ninsoku yoseba was opened in 1790 at the recommendation of hitsuke tôzoku aratemekata chief Hasegawa Heizô — who was also its first director — and the approval of rôjû Matsudaira Sadanobu. Its inmates were those convicted of minor crimes, as well as mushuku, people whose names had been removed from the family register and were excluded from lawful social activities (including people who had been banished for earlier crimes).
At the ninsoku yoseba, these people received lessons in ethics and vocational training of various types. Moreover, the inmates were actually paid for the products of their labors, a practice virtually unheard of at the time.
- - - - - more about
Law Enforcement in the Edo Period
- source : japanecho.com/sum/2004

According to their performance, inmates were allowed to wear robes with less and less white dots, as they reached the time limit to go free.
They were helped to find work in the line they had been trained at the Yoseba.

石川島人足寄場

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石川島灯台（人足寄場跡）
The Ishikawa Lighthouse memorial at the remains of the Yoseba, now in 佃公園 Tsukuda Park.

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Hasegawa Heizoo, Hasegawa Heizô 長谷川平蔵　Hasegawwa Heizo / 鬼平 Onihei　
長谷川宣以 Hasegawa Nobutame (1745 - 1795) )
Childhood names: 銕三郎 Tetsusaburo, 銕次郎 Tetsujiro - Tettchan
Hitsuke Toosoku Aratameyaku 火付盗賊改役 chef of the police force for arson and theft

長谷川平蔵 ― その生涯と人足寄場
江戸の中間管理職長谷川平蔵―働きざかりに贈る
滝川政次郎

- reference : books about Hasegawa Heizo -

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- quote -
Onihei Hankachō 鬼平犯科帳 Onihei Hankacho
is a popular series of stories and television jidaigeki in Japan. It has been based on a novel by 池波正太郎　Shōtarō Ikenami which started in the December 1967 issue of the light novel magazine "All Yomimono (ja)" published by Bungei Shunjū which published the first hard cover the following year. Onihei Hankachō developed into a series, and adaptations into TV programs, a film and theater followed.
A TV anime adaption aired in 2017.
The title character is Hasegawa Heizō, who started as a chartered libertine before succeeding his father as an heir and was appointed the head of the special police who had jurisdiction over arson-robberies in Edo. Nicknamed by the villain "Onihei," meaning "Heizō the demon," he led a band of samurai police and cultivated reformed criminals as informants to solve difficult crimes. Later, he was titled "Hitsuke tōzoku aratamekata" (police force for arson and theft), and opened an office at his official resident.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- reference : edo ninsoku yoseba -

Edo and Paris: Urban Life and the State in the Early Modern Era:
Another institution in Edo connected with the maintenance of public order was a group of workhouses (ninsoku yoseba)

Men of Uncertainty: The Social Organization of Day Laborers in Edo:
The Ninsoku Yoseba of 1790

Punishment and Power in the Making of Modern Japan:
Hiramatsu Yoshiro, “Ninsoku yoseba no Seiritsu"

Rōya-bugyō 牢屋奉行 – Commissioners of the shogunal prison
- reference : wikipedia -

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

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- - - - - #ninsoku #yoseba #ninsokuyoseba #hasegawaheizo #onihei - - - -
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2/18/2017

hanzai crime glossary

江戸の犯罪白書十手・捕縄・御用提燈-百万都市の罪と罰
重松一義

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- - - - - Alphabetical Index of Keywords - - - - -

- AAA - / - BBB - / - CCC - / - DDD - / - EEE -

- FFF - / - GGG - / - HHH - / - I I I - / - JJJ -

- KK KK - / - LLL - / - MMM - / - NNN - / - OOO -

- PPP - / - QQQ - / - RRR - / - SSS - / - TTT -

- UUU - / - VVV - / - WWW - / - XXX - / - YYY - / - ZZZ -

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. Hasegawa Heizoo, Hasegawa Heizô 長谷川平蔵　Hasegawwa Heizo .
Onihei Hankachō 鬼平犯科帳 Onihei Hankacho

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akutoo, akutō 悪党 Akuto, villain, kind of thief

bakufu　幕府 the Edo government

banya 番屋 prison

bugyoo, bugyō 奉行 Bugyo officials, Commissioners in the Edo government - full list

Buke shohatto 武家諸法度 Laws for the Samurai
(lit. Various Points of Laws for Warrior Houses)

dooshin 同心　Doshin, lesser police officer

gokei 五刑 five judicial penalties

goyoo choochin 御用提燈 Goyo Chochin, police lanterns

Hasegawa Heizô 長谷川平蔵　Hasegawwa Heizo / 鬼平 Onihei　(1745 - 1795)

hitsuke toozoku aratemekata　火付け盗賊改　special police for arson and robberies

jishinban　自身番　/ kidoban 木戸番 Guardian of a neighbourhood "gate"
- - - nowadays koban　交番 police box in the neighbourhood

jitte, jittei, jutte 十手 / 實手 metal truncheon, "ten hands"

keibatsu 刑罰 punishment

keisatsu　警察 police (after the Meiji restauration)

Kodenma-choo, Kodenma-chō　小伝馬町 Kodenma-cho prison in Edo

koken 沽券 record of sales affairs

machibugyoo 町奉行 Machibugyo, town commissioner, magistrate and metropolitan governor and district court chief justice
(Minami Machibugyo and Kita Machibugyo)

meakashi 目明し semi-official detective

metsuke 目付 inspector

mushuku　無宿 / mushukunin 無宿人 vagabond, homeless

ninbetsuchoo 人別帳 Ninbetsucho census register

ninsoku yoseba 人足寄場 rehabilitation facility for criminals
- installed as a means to prevent crime

nyooboo, nyōbō 女房 Nyobo, official wife

okappiki 岡引 / 岡っ引 semi-official detective

Onihei　鬼平 / Hasegawa Heizô 長谷川平蔵　Hasegawwa Heizo

oobanya 大番屋　Obanya, main prison

Ooka Echizen 大岡越前守, Ooka Tadasuke (1677 - 1752)　

oometsuke 大目付 Ometsuke, chef of the inspectors, inspector general

rooju, rôjû 老中 "chief elder" - senior counselor

rōya, rooya 牢屋 Roya, the Shogunal prison

seppuku　切腹 death penalty for a samurai, honorable suicide

shirasu　白州 "white pebbles" court room outside the magistrate's office

shisai 死罪 death penalty (of a commoner)

shokei 処刑 execution

Tanuma Okitsugu 田沼意次 (1719 - 1788)

teshita　手下 undercover informants of the Doshin

Tooyama 遠山景元 Toyama Saemon no Jo Kagemoto - (1793 – 1855) Tōyama no Kin-san 遠山の金さん

torimono 捕物 police arrest

torimonochoo 捕物帳 document about an arrest

torinawa (hojoo) 捕縄 policeman's rope, "capture-rope" - arresting cord

yakuza　やくざ　/ ヤクザ gangster, gang of gangsters

yoriki 与力 police inspectors

zenka 前科 criminal record

zanzai 斬罪　beheading (of a samurai)

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十手・捕縄事典 - 江戸町奉行所の装備と逮捕術
名和弓雄 Nawa Yumio (1912 - 2006)

. Nawa Yumio - Contents of the book .

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. Criminal Punishment in Edo .
a glossary of terms

Kozukappara keijoo 小塚原刑場 Kozukappara execution grounds
Suzugamori keijoo 鈴ヶ森刑場 Suzugamori execution grounds　

. Kubizuka 首塚 memorial stone pagodas and mounds for the beheaded .

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Edo period police
In feudal Japan, individual military and citizens groups were primarily responsible for self-defense until the unification of Japan by Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1603. During the Edo period (1603–1868), the Tokugawa shogunate formed a centralized feudal government.[1] Samurai warriors who once protected Japan from foreign enemies and fought each other for supremacy became the new police and internal security force.[2] Their new job would be to ensure civil peace, which they accomplished for over 250 years.
----- History
During the Edo period the authoritarian Tokugawa shogunate instituted an elaborate police/security state, an administrative hierarchy was developed, and rules and regulations controlling many aspects of life in Japan went into effect. This new system of government has been called a police state,[4] possibly the world's first.
In 1868
the samurai era ended with the overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate and a new government came into power (Meiji government) and the samurai class was eventually abolished. In 1872, a former samurai [Kawaji Toshiyoshi] was sent to Europe to study systems of policing and he recommended a restructuring based partially on French and Prussian systems. In 1874, a nationalized police force was created using European police systems as a model. This new police force was the start of the modern police system in Japan, though it was initially dominated by former samurai from Satsuma who were part of the driving force behind the removal of the Tokugawa shogunate. The new Meiji period police continued the Edo period method of Japanese police controlling societal behavior and internal security as well as preventing and solving crimes.
----- Organization
The Edo period police apperatus utilized a multi-layered bureaucracy which employed the services of a wide variety of Japanese citizens. High and low ranking samurai, former criminals, private citizens and even citizens groups (Gonin Gumi) participated in keeping the peace and enforcing the laws and regulations of the Tokugawa shogunate.
----- Samurai police
Machi-bugyō
During the Edo period, high ranking samurai with an allegiance to the Tokugawa shogunate (hatamoto) were appointed machi-bugyō (city administrators or commissioners). The machi-bugyō performed the roles of chief of police, prosecutor, judge and other judicial related business both criminal and civil in Edo and other major towns.
Yoriki
Working under the machi-bugyō was the yoriki. Yoriki were samurai—they managed patrols and guard units composed of lower ranking police officials. Yoriki, being of a higher class, were able to ride a horse while performing their duties and were trusted to carry out assignments of high importance.
Dōshin
Working under the yoriki was the dōshin. Dōshin were samurai but of a lower class than yoriki—they performed the duties of prison guard and patrol officer which required close contact with commoners (chonin). They investigated crimes such as murder and helped with executions.
Non-samurai police assistants
Edo period police
relied heavily on commoners for assistance, from average village dwellers to the outcast hinin and eda castes. Members of the Japanese outcast were particularly helpful with guarding and executing prisoners, and disposing the bodies, something that samurai found to be repugnant (distasteful).
Komono
Komono were non-samurai chōnin who went with the dōshin on patrols and provided assistance.
Okappiki
Okappiki were non-samurai from the lowest outcast class, often former criminals who worked for the dōshin as informers and spies.
Gōyokiki/meakashi
Gōyokiki or meakashi were a non-samurai chōnin or outcast class who were hired by local residents and merchants to work as police assistants in a particular neighborhood—they were often former criminals. The term "tesaki" was used to describe gōyokiki or meakashi later in the Edo period.
----- Duties
Investigating crimes, arresting and interrogating arrested suspects, torturing criminal suspects in order to obtain a confession, punishing convicted criminals including executions.
----- Equipment
Edo period police used a variety of armor and carried lethal and non-lethal weapons to capture criminal suspects. If possible, suspected criminals were taken alive. This meant that special weapons and tactics had to be created in order to accomplish this task.
- - - Weapons
Bansho rokugin or keigo roku-go:
Edo period police stations were required to keep six kinds of weapons (bansho rokugin or keigo roku-go) available for use in case of disturbances.[16] these were the kanamuchi, the kiriko no bo, the tetto, the sodegarami, the tsukubo, and the sasumata.[Three of these tools were called torimono sandōgu ("three tools of arresting"), which consisted of the sodegarami, sasumata, and tsukubō. They were symbols of office and were often displayed in front of police checkpoints or used in processions, especially while convicted prisoners were being led to their execution.
Sodegarami
Sasumata
Tsukubo
Kanamuchi
Kiriko no bo
Tetto
Metsubushi
Jitte, Jutte: an iron or wooden club or truncheon, the jutte was a non-lethal weapon and an official symbol of office.
Te yari (hand spear): a small version of the yari suitable for use in confined spaces.
Kusari fundo/manriki
----- Armour
Edo period police and assistants wore chain armour clothing, armour for the hands, and armour for the head.
Hachi-gane (forehead protector).
Kusari katabira and kusari zukin (chain armor jacket and hood).
Han kote (gauntlets).
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

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