bijin beauties of Edo

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. Ukiyo-e　浮世絵　"pictures of the floating world" - Introduction .
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Edo no bijin 江戸の美人 the beauties of Edo

. kanban musume 水茶屋の看板娘 Kamban "advertising servant girl" .


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Beauties with a sumptuous body and plump face 豊かな体, ふくよかな顔 in the Early Edo period,
but the ideals for "beauty" were changing with time.


弾琴美人 Beauty playing the Koto / 鈴木春信 Suzuki Harunobu

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. bijin 美人 beauty - beauty amulet 美守 - bijin kigan 美人祈願お守り .
Next to prayers for good health, prayers for a beautiful face, skin or body were quite popular.
biyoo jisha 美容寺社 praying for beauty at a Shinto Shrine

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江戸時代における美人の条件は？ Conditions for a beauty in the Edo period.

面長
切れ長で涼しげな一重
鼻筋の通った中高の鼻
小さな口
きめこまやかで白い肌
美しく豊かな黒髪

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biidoro o fuku musume ビードロを吹く娘 girl blowing a poppen
美人画の大家・喜多川歌麿 Kitagawa Utamaro
This Bijin is a normal girl from the village 町娘. Her kimono is special, with an Ishimatsu pattern and cherry blossoms, signs of Spring.

. poppen, hoppen ぽっぺん / ポッペン glass ball plopping .
The glass balls are also known as "biidoro ビードロ", from the Portuguese vidro.

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江戸美人の原点？江戸時代初期の美人 Early Edo Period


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「浮世絵の祖」ともいわれる浮世絵師・菱川師宣 Hishikawa Moronobu (1618 - 1694)
Japanese artist known for popularizing the ukiyo-e genre of woodblock prints and paintings in the late 17th century.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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美人というより美少女 - Beautiful Young Girls
明和期（1764 - 72年）の美人 Meiwa period


chaya no kanban musume 看板娘 Kamban Musume Girls
水茶屋「鍵屋」の看板娘・お仙 Kagiya no S-Sen
浅草寺奥山の楊枝屋「柳屋」の看板娘・お藤 Yanagiya no O-Fuji
二十軒茶屋の水茶屋「蔦屋」の看板娘・およし。Tsutaya no O-Yoshi

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抜群のプロポーション！ Nice proportions
健康美人 Healthy Bijin



人気絵師・鳥居清長の美人画 Torii Kiyonaga (1752 - 1815)
『当世遊里美人合　たち花』Tachibana
- Conditions for a nice body:
すらりとした長身
長い手足
あごは細めのシャープな顔立ち
きりりとした濃い眉
切れ長で涼しげな目元

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女性らしさ満点、グラマラスな寛政美人 100 points for being a beautiful Female
寛政期（1789～1801年）
Three beauties of the Kanei period 寛政の三美人



浅草寺随神門前の水茶屋「難波屋」のおきた O-Kita from Asakusa、
両国の煎餅屋「高島屋」のお久 O-Hisa from Ryogoku, Takashimaya
吉原芸者の富本豊雛（とよひな）Toyohina Geisha from Yoshiwara
by . Kitagawa Utamaro 喜多川歌麿 (1753 - 1806).

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個性的すぎる文政美人 Beauties around 1818 - 1830 文政 Bunei
with strong personalities
painted by 渓斎英泉 Keisai Eisen (1790 - 1884)
- Conditions
6頭身
首が短く猫背ぎみ
細長い顔
小さくつり上がり鋭い目
受け口


. . . CLICK here for more Photos !

Keisai Eisen (渓斎 英泉, 1790–1848) was a Japanese ukiyo-e artist who specialised in bijin-ga (pictures of beautiful women). His best works, including his ōkubi-e ("large head pictures"), are considered to be masterpieces of the "decadent" Bunsei Era (1818–1830). He was also known as Ikeda Eisen, and wrote under the name of Ippitsuan.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


【おすすめ】こちらの江戸トリビアもどうぞ - further literature and links
- source : edo-g.com/blog/2016/

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daidokoro bijin　台所美人 "kitchen beauties"


Kitagawa Utamaro 喜多川 歌麿

. . . CLICK here for more Ukiyo-E Bijin on stamps !

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浮世絵に見る江戸美人の化粧 Cosmetics of the Edo Bijin Beauties in Ukiyo-E
白、紅、黒―三色の美 The beauty of the three colors white, red and black
white 白粉 o-shiro for face powder
beni 紅 red for lip coloring
black for teeth coloring (o-haguro お歯黒) and eyebrows 眉



白、紅、黒はそれぞれ「白粉の白」「口紅の紅」「お歯黒と眉化粧の黒」で、それぞれについて浮世絵と化粧道具が展示されていました。

展示品の主な所有者はポーラ研究所で、なるほど化粧品メーカー、と印象アップ。江戸期の美人画にはそれぞれの店（勤務先）や、描かれてる化粧品の店構えが小窓に描かれてたりで、勤務先が描かれてる場合はそれこそ「看板娘」で、商品扱う店が描かれてる場合は「販促チラシ」みたいなものかと。そういえばどこかの茶屋の娘が大層美人でファッションリーダーになってたとかいう話をどこかで見かけたな…芸者や遊女や歌舞伎役者がいわゆるプロで、ファッションリーダーやった時代に茶屋の娘（看板娘）となるとさしずめ読モみたいな感じだろうか。
- reference : cella.fem.jp -

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oshiroi, o-shiroi (hakufun) おしろい / 白粉 white face powder
Rice bran powder was often used to wash the face until it was white.

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During the Nara Period (710–94), women painted their face with a white powder called oshiroi, and in the Heian Period (794–1185), a white facial color continued to stand as a symbol of beauty.
During the Edo Period (1603–1868), the culture of fair skin gained ground among commoners. The look sought after at this time, however, was a natural one. Ukkiri, a term for moist, naturally colored skin, appeared in a manual on beauty titled Miyako fūzoku kewaiden (A Handbook of Cosmetics in the Capital), which was published in 1813 and remained a bible for beauty through the next century. The work introduces a range of techniques for making the skin “beautifully white,” including facial cleansing, facial packs made from a natural mineral form of lead oxide, and herbal treatments for acne.
... “The tone the Japanese seek to achieve is not milky white but translucent, like a polished stone. Since the Edo period, women have gone to great pains to achieve this.” Records show that women spent a great deal of time putting on makeup and that cosmetics were geared toward accentuating the natural beauty of the skin. Miyako fūzoku kewaiden, for example, describes how oshiroi should be repeatedly applied and removed and the cheeks rubbed with a towel in order to make the skin look like porcelain.
- source : nippon.com/en -
- reference : edo o-shiroi white -

oshiroishi, o-shiroi shi 白粉師 making white face powder


source : メタボンのブログ

Different kinds of O-Shiroi were available, from Kyoto 京白粉, from Ise 伊勢おしろい, "natural white" 生白粉 and others.
Some were made including metal powders not really suited for the skin. Some were in powder form, some hard like soap, but all were applied with a special face brush.
suigin 水銀 mercury cloride was a main ingredient, so even the craftsmen who made the powder were exposed to this poison.
Others were white lead oxide, see below.
They had a special shop sign with a 白鷺 white heron.


新たな仙女香七変化粧 - Yokai Novel

A famous brand of the time was 仙女香 Sennyo-Ko.
The name was taken from the stage name of the Kabuki actor Segawa Kikunojō 瀬川菊之丞 Segawa Kikunojo (1693 - 1749).
The poor people had to use some face wash to keep the face as white as possible, but with the rise of rich merchants in Edo the use white powder among the townspeople spread quite fast.

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In time new products arrived on Dutch, Spanish and Portuguese ships. "Among the various compounds used, oshiroi [白粉 or おしろい], a white powder, and beni (rouge) [紅 or べに] contributed in constructing a woman's beauty. White powder was used to whiten the face and other parts of the body. The oldest form of face powder was made from white soil and rice flour. In the seventh century, the manufacture of keifun (mercury chloride) [けいふん] and empaku (white lead) [鉛白 or えんぱく] was imported from China. Their use was confined to the upper classes until the seventeenth century, when it became popular among the general public." The empaku "...was used extensively during the Edo period... It was mixed with water and applied with a brush. In the 1870s, the toxic quality of lead was recognized, and soon after a lead-free facial powder began to be domestically produced." (Ibid.)

In A Treatise on Chemistry by Roscoe, Cain and Schorlemmer (published by MacMillan, 1913, p. 685) the production of keifun is described: "Calomel has long been known and manufactured in China and Japan under the name keifun (light powder). This product occurs as a light bulky powder, consisting of very thin minute scales, lustrous, transparent, and white or faintly cream coloured. It is quite free from corrosive sublimate and is manufactured by heating balls of porous earth and salt, soaked in bittern (the mother-liquor of partially evaporated sea-water), along with mercury in iron pots lined with earth. The forms hydrochloric acid from the magnesium chloride in the bittern, the mercury sublimes into the clay covers of the pots, air enters by diffusion and the following reaction occurs: 4Hg + 4HCl + O2 = 2Hg2Cl + 2H2O. The cover thus becomes filled with a network of micaceous particles of calomel."

There is an article on "Gender and Hierarchical Differences in Lead-Contaminated Japanese Bone from the Edo Period" from the Japan Society for Occupational Health (Journal of Occupational Health, vol. 40, no. 1, 1998). In this study it was found that members of the samurai class had far higher lead content in their systems than did that of farmers and fishermen. Women in both strata had higher lead deposits in their bones than did their male counterparts. In the abstract to this article it states: "We assume that facial cosmetics (white lead) comprised one of the main routes of lead exposure among the samurai class, because cosmetics were a luxury in that period." While male samurai may not have used white lead makeup they were exposed to it through their contact with samurai females and this accounts for the lead content found in their bones. In fact it would seem that the wealthier the samurai the higher the lead content.
- source : printsofjapan.com/Index -

. Edo shokunin 江戸の職人 Edo craftsmen .

. shinise　老舗　a long-established store .
The store Sakamotoya 坂本屋 selling oshiroi白粉 the white powder for faces.

. oshiroi hake 白粉刷毛 cosmetic brush .

. beni 紅 lip color and
kurenaishi 紅師 making lip red from safflowers .

- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
8 tales about 白粉 to explore.

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. ohaguro, o-haguro お歯黒 / 鉄漿 / おはぐろ Ohaguro, black teeth .



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Edo no bijin
- reference - Edo no bijin -

Edo no bijin ga: Kanei Kanbunki no nikuhitsu ga
Paintings of Beautiful Ladies in Edo Period
- reference : books.google.co.jp -


浮世絵美人 - 解体新書 : 安村敏信

CLICK for more books about Edo Bijin !

hyooban musume 評判娘 girl with a good reputation

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Women of Edo in the eighteenth century

Spectators gathered in Fukiyacho and Sakaicho in Nihombashi from early morning to see the many performances that were given there like Kabuki plays and puppet shows with storylines that resonated with the townspeople.
Among them were those who even competed with each other in investing much money on authors and actors.
Haiku, kyoka, and senryu poetry were a popular part of the culture of self-expression.
There were even those who became haiku, kyoka, etc. poets on their own.
Furthermore, some made business ventures by investing in publishers or by introducing woodblock prints to the world upon starting their own publishing businesses.
The demand for women’s goods such as ornamental hairpins and essential items for men such as pocketbooks and tobacco pouches led to the improvement of the craftsmen’s skills; establishing whole new genres in the unique Edo culture.
The appearance of exquisite restaurants frequented by wealthy townspeople also developed the food culture of Edo.
- source : nihombashi-tokyo.com/history ... -

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

Aichi
馬の鞍が荷をつけたままひっくり返ったので馬喰が困っていると、妙齢の美人が現れた。美人は馬を河原に引き出した。ふと気づいた馬喰が針を帛紗と共に背中につけると、美人は一塊になって淵に飛び込んだ。淵の主は蛇ではないかという話がある。

- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
美人 89 to explore

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. Persons and People of Edo - Personen .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. Hanga 版画 in the Daruma Museum .

. Ukiyo-e in the Daruma Museum .

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - - - - #edobijin #bijinedo #edobeauties #ukiyoebijin #woman #women - - - -
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Tenpura Tempura in Edo

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Food in Edo 　江戸の食卓 .
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tenpura てんぷら . 天婦羅 . 天麩羅 . 天ぷら Tenpura, Tempura
deep-fried battered food

The name "Tempura" was only used to describe fish Tempura.
agemono　揚げ物 deep fried food
shoojin age　精進揚げ　deep-fried vegetables

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"Agemono", or deep-fried foods, are of three basic types.
"Suage", in which foods are fried without a coating of flour or batter, is appropriate for freshwater fish, eggplant, green peppers and other vegetables whose color and shape can be utilized to good effect.
"Karaage", in which food is first dredged in flour or arrowroot starch, preserves the natural water content of the food and produces a crisp outer surface. In "tatsutaage", a variant of "karaage", pieces of chicken are marinated in a mixture of "sake", soy sauce and sugar, lightly covered with arrowroot starch and deep-fried.



"Tempura" belongs to a third type of "agemono", in which foods are coated with batter. For "agemono" a heavy pot with a wide bottom is used. Vegetable oil is poured into the pot to a depth twice the thickness of the foods to be fried and is then heated to a temperature of 160°to 180°C (320°to 360°F). To keep the oil at a constant temperature, it is important that the foods do not cover more than a third of the surface area of the oil.
- reference source : web-japan.org/museum/others/cuisine -

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Many ingredients are deep-fried. Mostly fish and seafood and vegetables.
Even the new leaves of greet tea are made into tempura during the season 新茶の天婦羅.
..... The recipe for tempura was introduced to Japan by Portuguese Jesuit missionaries particularly active in the city of Nagasaki also founded by the Portuguese, during the sixteenth century (1549).
Tokugawa Ieyasu, founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, reportedly loved tempura. Originally, tempura was a popular food eaten at street vendors called 'yatai'(屋台) since the Genroku era.


Tempura yatai (stall) - (Fukagawa Edo Museum)

Today, tempura is still a popular side dish at home, and is frequently eaten as a topping at soba stands.
..... In Japan, restaurants specializing in tempura are called tenpura-ya and range from inexpensive fast food chains to very expensive five-star restaurants. Many restaurants offer tempura as part of a set meal or a bento (lunch box), and it is also a popular ingredient in take-out or convenience store bento boxes. The ingredients and styles of cooking and serving tempura vary greatly through the country, with importance being placed on using fresh, seasonal ingredients.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

frittierter Fisch, frittiertes Gemüse

WASHOKU : Tenpura Tempura dishes in our BLOG

basu tenpura バス天ぷら tempura from black bass
ブラックバス天ぷら付のうどん
From Lake Biwa

Maple leaves tempura (momiji tenpura)


kinpura きんぷら 【金麩羅】Kinpura, Kimpura (golden Tempura)
To make the dish look more "golden" in Edo they used egg yolk with the coating.


"Suwamachi Kimpura"　すわ町 金ぷら Kinpura from the Suwamachi district
"Kimpura" using luxurious egg made a clear departure from tempura sold at the stand and "Kimpuraya" in Suwamachi (present-day Komagata, Taitō ward) gained popularity as a restaurant serving "Kimpura". A painter, Yoshitsuya was a student who was good at drawing samurai and showed great performance as an ukiyo-e (wood block prints) artist in the end of the Edo period.
source : library.metro.tokyo.jp/portals...

Sometimes the coating is made with buckwheat flour. Oil from torreya nuts (kaya 榧(かや) is used for frying.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


. yatai 屋台 food stalls, pushcart stalls .
The most famous three ones were for Sushi, Tenpura and Soba buckwheat noodles.

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江戸前天ぷら　Edo-mae tempura, made with local seafood from Tokyo Bay.
The most favorite were shrimp and tiger prawns, ika 烏賊 squid, anago 穴子 sea eel and megochi めごち eel,
kohada 小鰭 spotted shad and kisu 鱚 smelt-whiting, Sillago japonica.

The fried ingredients were picked up with a small bamboo stick, dipped in a sauce of soy sauce with grated radish (daikon) and enjoyed outside, from spring to autumn.

In Edo, only goma-abura　ごま油 sesame oil was used for Tempura. It kept longer tasty when re-heated.
Tempura stalls were only allowed to fry outside homes to prevent fires. Inside a home or restaurant it was forbidden to prepare Tempura.

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tenpuraya　天麩羅屋 vendor of tenpura in Edo
They were the beginning of small stalls selling "fast food" to be eaten while standing, for the fast-living workers of Edo.


source :　homepage3.nifty.com/shokubun

. Food vendors in Edo .

天麩羅の指をぎぼしへ引きなすり
tenpura no yubi o giboshi e hikinasuri

he wipes his fatty tempura fingers
on the giboshi decoration
of the bridge

This Senryu tells us about the carefree behaviour of the tempura cooks.
Tempura was made with some flavor on the food items, but not served with sauce as it is today.
Some sources say Tempura dipping sauce was introduced much later in the Meiji period.

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu in Edo .

. giboshi 擬宝珠 metal decoration of a railing .

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source : togetter.com/li

Tsukioka 月岡芳年「風俗三十二相 　むまさう 嘉永年間女郎之風俗」
A prostitute eating shrimp tempura

mumasao むまさう Umaso, this is so delicious !

. Tsukioka Yoshitoshi 月岡芳年 (1839 – June 9, 1892) .


The pose of the lady, turning to the side to wipe her face, is the same as in a favorite ukiyo-e by Utagawa Kuniyoshi, which was used to put on a handfan for some cooling in summer.


歌川国芳- 園中八撰花 Enchu Hassenka (Eight flowers of the garden)
- 松 Matsu (with pine in the background)

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

The kitsune 狐 Fox likes tempura and tempura oil . . .

................................................................................. Ibaraki 茨城県

In the 稲敷郡 Inashiki district at 江戸崎町 Edosaki village there are many fox legends, when people have to walk along the paths of the fields, were foxes and badgers play their tricks on the humans.
Sometimes the fox steals the tempura of someone returning from town and bringing it home as a present for the family 土産の天ぷら.


................................................................................. Miyazaki 宮崎県

In えびの市 Ebino town, in 尾八重野 Obeno, there was a lady fox called おせん狐 O-Sen , the King of all the regional foxes there.
She lived in the trenches dug during the war by the army of 西郷隆盛 Saigo Takamori.
When people walked along 浜川原 Hamawawabaru at night, there was a large branche of a pine tree in the middle of the road and they could not pass. This was an act of the Fox O-Sen. So they threw some Tempura at the branches, and they dissolved, leaving them to see a huge fox with a large tail on the road.


................................................................................. Nagano 長野県

Offerings for the ancestors on the family altar (butsudan 仏壇) for the O-Bon rituals contain many things, among them 野菜や天ぷら vegetables and tempura.
.
In the 上伊那郡 Kamiina district sometimes people get bewitched by a fox.
They behave quite wild and strange, walk on all four's an want only Tempura to eat.
To get rid of the spell they have to be kept in one room over night and hit with branches of a peach tree 桃の枝. That will bring them back to normal.
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To get rid of the bewitchment of a fox, among other things, people say prayers and have to eat Tempura.
.
In the 東筑摩郡 Higashichikuma district were people kept silk worms 養蚕, they had to fry their tempura away from home by the river so as not to get the smell to the silk worms.
Sometimes at night a fox came, dipped his tail into the Tempura frying pan and made it un-usable. If the farmers forgot to take the bottle with sesame oil home, this would also be gone by next morning.


................................................................................. Niigata 新潟県

In 十日町市 Tokaichi town there was a fox called サンクロウギツネ Sankurogitsune, living between the hamlets of 蒲生集落 Gamo and 室野集落 Murono. If people walked there he would steal their 天ぷらや油揚 tempura and Aburaage Tofu.


................................................................................. Osaka 大阪府

In 堺市 Sakai town there was a fox
At the 城蔵稲荷 Inari Fox Shrine they tell this story:
An old priest once kept a White Fox with three legs. The brother of the priest was a hunter and the fox feared him. The fox shape-shifted into the old priest and pretended his brother had killed someone and wanted to have him punished. But the brother understood the trick, put some Tempura of a rat on the ground, tricked the White Fox to catch it and killed the fox.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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- quote -
Sugoroku for Introducing Popular Local Specialties of Edo, New Edition
(Shinpan Gofunai Ryūkō meibutsu Annnai Surogoku)

This is an illustrated sugoroku (a Japanese board game similar to western Snakes and Ladders), which starts from morning market in Nihonbashi and ends at Sannō festival. In the form of a sugoroku, it depicts famous specialties in the Edo period. Many food and restaurant names can be found.
In this picture sugoroku, you can find soba (buckwheat noodles), broiled eel, sushi, and the names of confectioners and restaurants including those serving tempura. There are various stories regarding the origins of tempura, but an essay called "Kiyūshōran", written in the latter part of Edo period, introduced that Yoshibei sold fried fresh fish at a stand in Nihonbashi a little before the Bunka period (1804-1817). Tempura was popular among the general public in the 19th century.
You can also find the words "Suwamachi Kimpura" and a yellow picture of tempura. "Kimpura" means tempura with coating of flour mixed with egg yolk (it also means tempura with coating of buckwheat flour). "Kimpura" using luxurious egg made a clear departure from tempura sold at the stand and "Kimpuraya" in Suwamachi (present-day Komagata, Taitō ward) gained popularity as a restaurant serving "Kimpura".
A painter, Yoshitsuya was a student who was good at drawing samurai and showed great performance as an ukiyo-e (wood block prints) artist in the end of the Edo period.
- Tokyo Metropolitan Library -
. sugoroku　 双六と伝説 Legends about the game Sugoroku .

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

天麩羅にかぎる魚や花曇
tenpura ni kagiru sakana ya hanagumori

this fish is best
as Tempura . . .
cherry blossom haze

綾部仁喜 Ayabe Jinki (1929 - 2015)

. WKD : "hanagumori" 花曇, .
- - kigo for late spring - -
A clouded sky during the Cherry blossom season, blossom haze, is "hanagumori", 花曇, only in this season used as a kigo for late spring and never used for other flowers in haze or clouds.

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歳晩や親身のような天婦羅蕎麦
長谷川かな女 Hasegawa Kanajo

天麩羅にからりと揚げて春告げ草 高澤良一
天麩羅の種のねずつぽ石鼎忌 石川桂郎
てんぷらの揚げの終りの新生姜 草間時彦
てんぷらやすでに鰭張る今年鯊 水原秋櫻子

たらの芽の天麩羅の棘食べにけり 長谷川公二
人獣の舌の天麩羅花ぐもり 磯貝碧蹄館
刀豆の天麩羅といふごわつけり 高澤良一
土用入り天麩羅箸の先焦げて 荒巷樹(野火)
活鯊に天麩羅油ぱちぱちと 長谷川櫂 蓬莱
竹の春吹かれとてとて天麩羅食ふ 攝津幸彦
草餅に草の天麩羅みどりの日 御子柴弘子
落葉降るさなか天麩羅匂ひけり 中嶋秀子
退屈も*たらの芽も天麩羅にせり 櫂未知子
餅あはひ天麩羅そばを皆たのむ 櫻井康敞
餅花の下を天麩羅そば通る 鈴木鷹夫 春の門
鱚天麩羅に笑ひ納めをいたしけり 辻桃子
稲の秋てんぷらの鍋鳴りはじむ 長谷川櫂
蓮枯れたりかくててんぷら蕎麦の味 久保田万太郎
長月のてんぷらあぶら古りにけり 辻桃子
黄菊白菊てんぷら揚がる市場の中 穴井太

- reference : haikureikudb -

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source : yoshi43.blog97.fc2.com

even the cats
enjoy their Tempura -
Spring in Edo

Gabi Greve, April 2016

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- Senryu -

てんぷらの店に筮（めどき）を立てて置き
tenpura no mise ni medoki o tatete oki

at the Tempura shop
they put up bamboo stick containers
for all to use

The bamboo sticks were put into a bamboo container and customers could take one out to eat their fill of Tempura.

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筮竹で判断させる天麩羅屋
seichiku de handan saseru tenpura ya

the Tempura cook
judges the food
by the bamboo stick

Since the fish was covered in batter and put in hot oil, the cook had no other choice to guess the situation by the babmoo stick still sticking out of the oil.

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小平次を竹鑓（たけやり）で突く天麩羅屋
koheiji o takeyari de tsuku tempuraya

at the Tempura shop
the spotted shad is pierced
by a bamboo spear

koheiji 小平次 is another word for kohada 小鰭 spotted shad

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- reference : wheatbaku.exblog.jp -

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source : www.6128080.com/sun/edo/ - Onodera Nenryou

To make good tempura, the heat of the oil has to be adjusted.
for fish, about 180 - 185℃, for vegetables only 160 - 180℃.

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- - - To join me on facebook, click the image !

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. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]- - - - - #tempura #edomaetempura #tenpura #foodinedo - - - -
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chaya tea stall

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
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chaya, -jaya 茶屋 tea shop, tea stall
saten, chaten, chamise 茶店
sabo 茶房 modern tea houses also serve coffee (kissaten 喫茶店)

This is part of the main entry about
. Doing Business in Edo　- 江戸の商売 .

Many tea stalls had a little side business :
. fuuzoku, fûzoku　風俗 Fuzoku, entertainment and sex business .
fuuzoku　風俗 refers to the manners and customs, and in a wider sense in Edo to the flourishing sex business.

Under the unauspicious name of "tea stall", a lot of extra entertaiment was available in Edo.
Along the public roads to the countryside, there were many chaya for travellers to rest.


along the 木曾街道 上尾宿 Kiso Kaido road, Angeo-Juku

『東海道五拾三次之内 袋井』- Tokaido, Fukuroi
『東海道五拾三次之内 大津宿』- Tokaido, Otsu
『木曾街道 板橋之驛』 - Kiso Kaido, Itabashi
『木曽海道六拾九次之内 高﨑』- Kiso Kaido, Takasaki

LOOK at these prints:
- source : ja.wikipedia.org

. The 53 stations of the Tokaido Road 東海道五十三次 .

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. Chayamachi, Chayachoo 茶屋町 district in Asakusa　浅草 in Edo .
Residence of
Chaya Shirōjirō 茶屋四郎次郎 Chaya Shirojiro

. Chayazaka, Chaya-zaka 茶屋坂 Chayazaka "Tea Stall Slope" .
Meguro 目黒区三田二丁目 Mita second district, 中目黒二丁目 Naka-Meguro second district
- Jiji ga Chaya 爺々が茶屋 Grandfather's Tea House

. Ohanajaya お花茶屋 Ohanajaya district . - Katsushika
- "Tea stall of the girl O-Hana"

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. aimai 曖昧女(おんな) onna, woman, prostitute
in a shop called Aimaiya 曖昧屋, providing front and back service, so to speak . . .

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amigasa chaya 編笠茶屋 renting a large braided straw hat
to hide the face for a Yoshiwara pleasure quarter visit.


source :　ukiyo-e.org/image
Mizuno Toshikata, 1891

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dango chaya だんご茶屋 Tea stall selling dumplings Mt. Utsu and Poetry

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deaijaya, deai chaya 出会茶屋. 出会い茶屋"tea stall to meet someone"


source :　chuukyuu.info/who/edo
Ikenohata no deaijaya 池ノ端の出会茶屋



CLICK for further reference !


男木女水で来る出会茶屋
otoko ki onna mizu de kuru deai-jaya

the men as trees
the woman as water come
to this tea-shop

the tea-for-two
where men come as trees,
women as water

- source : Robin D. Gill -
The Woman Without a Hole - ; Other Risky Themes from Old Japanese Poems
with more poems and info to explore on this link!


- quote -
Eight Fashionable Views of Edo:
Vespers Bedmate at Ueno / Ueno no Bansho
Suzuki Harunobu
a couple entwined while enjoying the view of water lilies on Shinobazu pond from the second story window of a teahouse at Ueno



The poem is a parody associated with Mii no bansho (Vespers [or Evening] Bell at Mii), which is one of the Omi Hakkei (Eight Views of Omi), a popular visual parody based on the classic Chinese theme Eight Views of the Xiao and the Xiang.
A poem found on a Harunobu chuban from circa 1768 (Waterhouse, no. 316) shifts the 'Evening Bell' from Miidera to Ueno:

kono yama no koro machietaru hana sakari yoso ni wa tsuke yo

On this holy hill
we waited for the season
of the flower blossom:
sound your doleful note elsewhere
vespers bell of Ueno!

The poem on this shunga print also places the bell in Ueno but in a further erotic parody of the theme. The phrase 'iriai no kana' is replaced with 'ireai no ane'; and 'sho' for concubine replaces 'sho' for bell. The poem explains the young man is on his yadosagari, the annual break given to the samurai for home leave which was granted for a few days in the 3rd month and was typically either spent at home or at an inn. The Shinobazu Pond at Ueno was well-known for its lotus and for the deai-chaya (meeting tea-houses) which had rooms overlooking the pond.

kono hodo mo sazo tsutaetaru yadosagari yoban tsuzukete ireai no ane

This is the extent
to which he as passed it on
during his home leave:
four times in succession he
joined with the elder sister!

- source : scholten-japanese-art.com -

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hikite chaya, hikitejaya, hikidejaya 引手茶屋

- quote -
Nihon Embankment, Yoshiwara - Yoshiwara Nihonzutsumi
The mile-long Nihon Embankment, constructed in 1620, was the final stage in the journey of visitors to the Yoshiwara licensed pleasure quarter (yûkaku), which was situated among rice paddies to the north of the city. The Yoshiwara was moved here after a fire in 1657 at its original location near the centre of Edo. The roofs of the Yoshiwara can be seen at the end of the embankment beyond the 'Looking-back Willow' (Mikaeri Yanagi) which was situated at the top of the slope leading to the main gate; here parting guests would pause to take a lingering 'look back' at dawn, before making the trip back along the embankment.


Utagawa Hiroshige

Arriving by boat, or by foot through the theatre district, the visitor would hire a palanquin carried by bearers for the journey along the embankment, or would go on foot, concealing his identity beneath a dark hood, with cheek cover (hôkammuri-zukin).
The route was lined with over 100 teahouses (hikite-chaya) where clients could make advance arrangements with the particular brothel advertised on the red lantern hanging outside.
- source : fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk -

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irojaya 色茶屋 "tea shop to meet colors" (prostitutes)
iro is an euphemism for erotic entertainment.

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. kagemajaya, kagema chaya 陰間茶屋 "tea house with boys in waiting" .
the young boys also had a side business:
jigami uri　地紙売り　kagema boys selling paper for fans - and talking about kabuki

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kakejaya, kake chaya 掛け茶屋 / 掛茶屋 refreshment shops
simple roadside stalls with small seats or benches. They had simple yoshizu 葦簾 reed screens to provide some shade.


source :　blog.goo.ne.jp/tetthan
A modern replica near Fukagawa


掛茶屋のほこりに座るあつさ哉
kakejaya no hokori ni suwaru atsusa kana

it is so hot
I sit down in the dust
of a wayside tea stall . . .


掛茶屋に風追分のすゝみ哉

掛茶屋の灰はつめたしきりきりす

掛茶屋は芦生に似たる昼寝哉

掛茶屋や頭にさはる藤の花 藤

. Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規 .

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machiaijaya, machiai chaya 待合茶屋 " tea shop for waiting and meeting"
with rooms where visitors and geisha could amuse themselves for a while, before going on to the theater or some other entertainment.

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mizujaya, mizu chaya 水茶屋 "public tea house" for refreshments and meeting ladies


江戸水茶屋風俗考 - 佐藤要人



source :　blog.goo.ne.jp/aboo-kai

mizuchaya no kanban musume 水茶屋の看板娘 Kamban "advertising servant girl"
signboard girl, they worked outside the shop, trying to attract customers.

水茶屋ぬりいの渋茶や赤だすき
mizu chaya nurui no shibucha ya akadasuki

lukewarm bitter tea
at the wayside tea shop -
red sash to hold the sleeves

Kanban musume 看板娘 Kambanmusume O-Sen
. Kasamori O-Sen (1751 - 1827) 笠森お仙 .
at the Kasamori Shrine in Edo


kanban musume at the Meguro Fudo Temple

from a series of 100 beauties of Edo by
江戸名所百人美女 (国芳) Utagawa Kuniyoshi.

. . . CLICK here for more Photos !


. Edo no bijin 江戸の美人 the beauties of Edo .

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- quote -
Mizu-shōbai (水商売), or the water trade,
is the traditional euphemism for the night-time entertainment business in Japan, provided by hostess or snack bars, bars, and cabarets. Kabuki-chō in Shinjuku, Tokyo is Japan's most famous area where one can patronize the water trade, as well as its more carnal counterpart fūzoku (風俗)—the sex industry composed of soaplands, pink salons, health, and image clubs.

While the actual origin of the term mizu-shōbai is debatable, it is likely the term came into use during the Tokugawa shogunate (1603–1868). The Tokugawa period saw the development of large bathhouses and an expansive network of roadside inns offering hot baths and sexual release, as well as the expansion of geisha districts and courtesan quarters in cities and towns throughout the country. Bearing relation to ukiyo (浮世 and 憂世), or "the floating world", mizu-shōbai is a metaphor for floating, drinking and impermanence..

According to one theory proposed by the Nihon Gogen Daijiten, the term comes from the Japanese expression
"Gain or loss is a matter of chance" (勝負は水物だ shōbu wa mizumono da), where literal meaning of the phrase "matter of chance", mizumono (水物), is "matter of water".
In the entertainment business, income depends on a large number of fickle factors like popularity among customers, the weather, the state of the economy, and success and failure change as rapidly as a flow of water.
The Nihon Zokugo Daijiten, on the other hand, notes that the term may derive from the expression doromizu-kagyō (泥水稼業), lit. "muddy water earning business", for earning a living in the red-light districts, or from the Edo-era expression mizuchaya (水茶屋) for a public teahouse.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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ryoorijaya, ryoori chaya 料理茶屋 tea stalls serving food
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


. Tôto ryûkô san-jû-rokkaiseki 東都流行三十六会席 Toto Ryuko Sanjurokkaiseki
Thirty-six Fashionable Restaurants of the Eastern Capital .
Aoyanagi 青柳 Restaurant in Ryogoku

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. Sangenjaya 三軒茶屋 Sangen-jaya, "three tea stalls" .
District in 世田谷区　Setagaya ward

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shibaijaya, shibai chaya 芝居茶屋 tea shop near a theater


©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

at Saruwaka choo 猿若町の芝居茶屋

the three famous Kabuki theaters of Edo
. Edo Sanza 江戸三座 .

堺町・葺屋町 Sakai Machi
木挽町 Kobiki choo
猿若町 Saruwaka choo. later renamed Nakamura-za

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sumoojaya, sumoo chaya 相撲茶屋 tea shop near a Sumo arena

煮凝の鍋かくしあり角力茶屋
長谷川かな女

. sumoo　相撲 　Sumo wrestling .

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tatebajaya, tateba chaya 立場茶屋 serving food by the roadside, eating whilst standing


. Takanawa district 高輪, Takanawadai 高輪台 .
famous for its tea stalls

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source :　fxst2003.exblog.jp/

tooge no chaya　峠の茶屋, toogejaya 峠茶屋 tea house at a pass
At the bottom of the pass for travellers to rest before the ascent.
Or at the top of a smaller pass to enjoy the view.

夏山や水に乏しき峠茶屋
natsu yama ya mizu ni toboshiki toogejaya

summer mountain -
at the tea stall near the pass
water is in shortage

. WKD - Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規 .

- - - - -

一本のラムネの甘露峠茶屋
ippon no ramune no kanro toogejaya

the sweet taste
of one bottle of lemonade -
this tea stall at the pass

Nakayama Junko 中山純子

. WKD : ramune ラムネ lemonade .

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tsukimijaya, tsukimi chaya 月見茶屋 tea house for moon viewing

. yaozen 八百善 Yaozen restaurant .
a ryoori chaya 料理茶屋 "tea stall serving food" in Asakusa


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Some chaya are even KIGO for haiku :

shimizujaya, shimizu chaya 清水茶屋 stall selling tea made with fresh water

takimijaya, takimi chaya 滝見茶屋 teahouse near a waterfall


source :　kanko.city.izu.shizuoka.jp

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. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .

しら梅や北野の茶店にすまひ取
shiraume ya kitano no chaya ni sumai tori

white plum blossoms -
at the tea-house in Kitano
there is a Sumo wrestler


. Shrine Kitano Tenmangu 北野天満宮 - Kyoto . .


藤の茶屋あやしき夫婦休けり
fuji　no chaya ayashiki meoto yasumikeri

tea house under wisterias -
a suspicious couple
stopped to rest


名月や夜は人住まぬ峰の茶屋
meigetsu ya yo wa hito sumanu mine no chaya

full autumn moon -
nobody stays at night
at the tea stall of the peak


花火せよ淀の御茶屋の夕月夜
hanabi seyo yodono o-chaya no yuuzuki yo

"Start the fireworks"
A moonlit evening
At a tea house in Yodo.
Tr. Nelson/Saito



かしこくも茶店出しけり夏木立

峯の茶屋に壯士餉す若葉哉

汗入れて妻わすれめや藤の茶屋

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. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .

茶屋村の一夜に出来しさくらかな
chaya mura no hito yo ni dekishi sakura kana

a tea stall village
built over night
for cherry blossom viewing . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve

The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.



source :　www.qkamura.or.jp/chausu

芋茶屋もうれしいものよ閑古鳥
imo chaya mo ureshii mono yo kankodori

even a cheap tea stall
can make me so happy -
mountain cuckoo
Tr. Gabi Greve

imo 芋 Japanese taro potato


- - - - - MORE haiku by Issa

あっさりと朝夕立のお茶屋哉
assari to asa yuudachi no ochaya kana

春風や八文芝居だんご茶や
harukaze ya hachi mon shibai dango chaya

一本の梅でもちたる出茶屋哉
ippon no ume de mochitaru de-chaya kana

爺茶屋や右に左に閑古鳥
jiji chaya ya migi ni hidari ni kankodori

陽炎やきのふは見へぬだんご茶屋
kagerô ya kinou wa mienu dango chaya

貝殻で家根ふく茶屋や梅の花
kaigara de yane fuku chaya ya ume no hana

都ぢや梅干茶屋の梅の花
miyakoji ya umeboshi chaya no ume no hana

芝でした腰掛茶屋や夏木立
shiba de shita koshikake chaya ya natsukodachi

浮草の花よ来い来い爺が茶屋
ukikusa no hana yo kii kii jiji ga chaya

山陰や涼みがてらのわらぢ茶屋
yama kage ya suzumi-gatera no waraji chaya

夕立のとんだ所の野茶屋哉
yuudachi no tonda tokoro no no chaya kana

存の外俗な茶屋有萩の花
zon no hoka zoku na chaya ari hagi no hana

- source and translations by David Lanoue -

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. WKD - Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規 .

秋風の上野の出茶屋人もなし
紅葉あり夕日の酒屋月の茶屋

茶屋あらはに灯火立つや霧の中
茶屋ありや山辺の水の心太
茶屋を見て走りついたる心太
茶屋に到り瓜喰はんと思ひつゝ
茶屋に菊あり遠足會の人休む
茶屋の茶に清水の味はなかりけり
茶屋もなく酒屋も見えず花一木
茶屋を出る箱提灯や朧人
茶屋アリテ夫婦餅売ル春の山
茶屋女芦生の昼寝起しけり
茶屋敷の五尺の庭の落葉哉
茶屋淋し絲瓜の蔓の這ひかゝる
茶屋静かに鹿徘徊す若楓

野の茶屋に懐爐の灰をかへにけり
野の茶屋に柿買ふて遠く歩きけり
野の茶屋に蜜柑竝べし小春哉

松風に甘酒さます出茶屋かな
松風に甘酒わかす出茶屋かな
松風の甘酒を吹く出茶屋哉
松風を得意で売るや納涼茶屋

陽炎の次第にふとる野茶屋哉

落葉はく上野の茶屋の女哉
落葉掃く腰掛茶屋の女哉
葉桜に夜は茶屋無し向島
葉桜に夜は茶屋無し隅田川

蛾の飛んで陰気な茶屋や木下闇
鹿にやる菓子の殘りや紅葉茶屋
鷹据て人憩ひ居る野茶屋哉
追分や鷄飼ふ茶屋の柿石榴
蝶々や人なき茶屋の十団子
萱草や茶屋のつき山苔もなし
遠クカラ見エシ此松氷茶屋
酒を賣る紅葉の茶屋に妖女あり
くたびれや心太くふて茶屋に寝る
ちりかゝる桜の茶屋のともし哉
つゝじ折るつゝじが茶屋の女哉
どぶ六に野茶屋は暮て朧月
のどかさや出茶屋の煙土手の人
ほそほそと烟立つ茶屋の落葉かな
一銭の氷少き野茶屋かな 氷売る
三味線を掛けたる春の野茶屋哉
何見るそ桜の茶屋の遠見鏡
花ちるや人なき夜の葭簀茶屋
八月や人無き茶屋の青楓
冬されや稲荷の茶屋の油揚
冬枯や蛸ぶら下る煮賣茶屋
冬の日やよらで過ぎ行く餅の茶屋
南岸の茶屋北岸の寺やむら紅葉
夕涼み山に茶屋あり松もあり
夕露に灰のつめたき野茶屋哉
大声で話す凉みや滝の茶屋
婆々が茶屋夜は虫鳴く處哉
山上の茶屋に鮓ありそれを喰ひぬ
帷子に風吹き起る滝の茶屋
日影薄く梅の野茶屋の寒哉
日暮るゝや桜の茶屋の繋ぎ馬
早起山を越え炎天を茶屋に休む人
星月夜星を見に行く岡の茶屋
春の夜や茶屋の二階の影法師
春の川出茶屋の前を流れけり
春の水出茶屋の前を流れけり
昼顔の上に火を焚く野茶屋哉
朝顔や野茶屋の垣根まばらなり
木にかける氷の旗や荷ひ茶屋

枯薄人呼ぶ茶屋の婆もなし
枯野原團子の茶屋もなかりけり
栗の花茶屋一軒を隠しけり
栗飯や目黒の茶屋の發句會
梅のさく門は茶屋なりよきやすみ
氷売る柳の陰の出茶屋かな
汗を吹く茶屋の松風蝉時雨
涼しさや滝を茶に煮る滝の茶屋
涼しさや駕を出づれば滝の茶屋
田螺売る野茶屋に藤の花早き
砂村や茶屋のかたへの枯尾花

滝の茶屋にそゞろ昼寝の足寒し taki no chaya

end of the Masaoka Shiki list

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asama no chaya 浅間の茶屋 at Mount Asama
ayu chaya 鮎茶屋 serving ayu trout fish
?bunnosuke chaya 文の助茶屋
eki chaya 駅茶屋 at a train station
fuji chaya 藤茶屋 surrounded by wisteria
gion chaya 祇園茶屋 in Gion, Kyoto
hagi no chaya 萩の茶屋 surrounded by bush clover
hama chaya 浜茶屋 at the beach
hanami chaya 花見茶屋 for viewing cherry blossoms
henro chaya 遍路茶屋 for henro pilgrims in Shikoku
higuchi chaya 火口茶屋 at a volcano
kai no chaya 峡の茶屋 at an inlay
kanakana no chaya 蜩の茶屋 to listen to evening cicadas
kifune chaya 貴船茶屋 at Kifune (Kibune) Kyoto
mimasaka no chaya 美作の茶屋 in Mimasaka (Okayama prefecture)
momiji chaya 紅葉茶屋 for viewing red autumn leaves
monzen chaya 門前茶屋 in front of a temple access road
nara no chaya 奈良の茶屋 in Nara
no chaya 野茶屋 in the wild fields
seta no chaya 瀬田の茶屋 at Seta
Shiki no chaya 子規の茶屋 in momory of Masaoka Shiki
shiro chaya 城茶屋 near a castle
tachiyu chaya 立場茶屋 at a hot spring
kakane chaya 高嶺茶屋 at a high mountain peak
tera chaya 寺茶屋 at a temple
tsuboyaki no chaya 壺焼の茶屋 using or selling Tsuboyaki pottery
umemi chaya 梅見茶屋 for viewing plum blossoms
wakaba chaya 若葉茶屋 in the young green leaves
yama chaya 山茶屋 at a mountain
yoshisu 葭簀茶屋 with reed grass blinds

Huge collection of CHAYA haiku :
- source : HAIKUreikuDB

hasumi chaya 蓮見茶屋 for viewing lotos flowers

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『岐阻街道 奈良井宿 名産店之圖 Kiso Road, Narai Station, Nr. 34
歌川広重 Utagawa Hiroshige

. Nakasendoo　中山道 Nakasendo Road .
the Kisokaidō, Kiso Kaido (木曾街道) Kisoji 木曽路

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niken chaya 二軒茶屋 two tea stalls

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