Satsuma Kaido Highway

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
- Obi Kaido. see below -
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Satsuma Kaido 薩摩街道 Satsuma Highway
also known as
(Demizu Suji) 出水筋 Izumi Suji

source : uraken.net/chimei..miyazaki..

A road connecting 日向 Hyuga, a port city in 宮崎県 Miyazaki with 鹿児島城 Kagoshima castle (of the Satsuma clan).
From the castle town 佐土原城下 Sadowara via 高岡 Takaoka, 浦之名 Uranomyo, 去川の関所 the barrier station at Sarukawa, 国見峠 the Kunimi Toge pass, 有水 Arimizu, 桜木 Sakuragi to 都城 Miyakonojo.
Around 1500 the 伊東氏 Ito clan had taken over 三俣院 Mitsumata-In and reigned over 都於郡 the Tonokori area (now 西都市 Saito city).
The road was used to transport army supplies and merchandise.

薩摩街道（出水筋）マップ （いずみすじ）Izumi suji
Connecting 薩摩藩の鹿児島城 Kagoshima castle of the Satsuma clan with
肥後藩の熊本城 the Kumamoto castle in Higo.
Mainly used for 参勤交代 Sankin Kotai to Edo.

- - postal stations along the Izumi Suji 出水筋
00 山家（やまえ）宿（福岡県筑紫野市） Yamae - starting point
01 松崎（まつざき）宿（福岡県小郡市）- Matsuzaki
02 府中（ふちゅう）宿（福岡県久留米市）- Fuchu
03 羽犬塚（はいぬづか）宿（福岡県筑後市）- Hainuzuka
04 瀬高（せたか）宿（福岡県みやま市）- Setaka
05 原町（はらまち）宿（福岡県みやま市）- Haramachi
06 南関（なんかん）宿（熊本県玉名郡南関町）- Nankan
07 山鹿（やまが）宿（熊本県山鹿市）- Yamaga
08 . Mitori Shimachi 味取新町 .
09 熊本（くまもと）宿（熊本県熊本市）- Kumamoto
10 河尻（かわしり）宿（熊本県熊本市）- Kawashiri
11 宇土（うと）宿（熊本県宇土市）- Uto
12 小川（おがわ）宿（熊本県宇城市）- Ogawa
13 八代（やつしろ）宿（熊本県八代市）- Yatsushiro
14 日奈久（ひなく）宿（熊本県八代市）- Hinaku
15 佐敷（さしき）宿（熊本県葦北郡芦北町）- Sashiki
16 陳町（ちんまち）宿（熊本県水俣市）- Chinmachi
17 出水（いずみ）宿（鹿児島県出水市）- Izumi
18 阿久根（あくね）宿（鹿児島県阿久根市）- Akune
19 向田（むこうだ）宿（鹿児島県薩摩川内市）- Mukoda
20 串木野（くしきの）宿（鹿児島県いちき串木野市）- Kushikino
21 市来（いちき）宿（鹿児島県いちき串木野市）- Ichiki
22 伊集院（いじゅういん）宿（鹿児島県日置市）- Ijuin
23 鹿児島（かごしま）宿（鹿児島県鹿児島市）Kagoshima
XX 鹿児島城（鶴丸城）（鹿児島県鹿児島市） Kagoshima castle - end point
- wikipedia -

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- - - Kita-Satsuma no Kodo 北薩摩の古道
木場茶屋駅から袋駅まで

- - - Ichiki Kushikino いちき串木野市

- reference source : pref.kagoshima.jp/am01/chiiki... -

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Okuchi Suji 大口筋
From Kagoshima North via 吉田 Yoshida, 白銀坂 Shiraganezaka slope, 重富 Shigetomi, 帖佐 Chosa, over the border pass to 加治木 Kajiki (present-day 姶良市 Aira city),
At Kajiki is a branch road to Takaoka.
On to 龍門司坂 Rymonjizaka slope to 溝辺 Mizonobe (present-day 霧島市 Kirishima city) to
Okuchi (present-day 伊佐市 Isa city).
An important trading road in the Edo period. Parts through the mountain forests were kept about 7 m wide for horses to pass each other and laid out with cobblestones, finished in 1635.

Hitoyoshi Kaido 人吉街道 / Hitoyoshi Okan 人吉往還
another name for the 大口筋 Okuchi Suji

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Takaoka Suji 高岡筋（東目筋 Higashime Suji）
Branching off from the Okuchi Suji at 加治木 Kajiki and on to Takaoka (present-day 宮崎市 Miyazaki city).
Now National Highway Nr. 10.
From Takaoka a road extended to 佐土原城 Sadowara castle.

- quote -
Sadowara Castle in Miyazaki Prefecture
was a Yamajiro, mountaintop castle, first built during the Nanboku-Cho period (1334-1394) by the Tajima clan. Like most castles of the period, the mountain used, Mt. Kakusho, was shaved flat in terraced sections to create the various baileys, or kuruwa, and while there were various structures and defensive works built at the top, and around the mountain, the lords main living quarters and administrative offices were located at the foot of the mountain.
The Tajima lost Sadowara Castle to Miyazaki prefectures mighty Ito clan around 1427. The Ito clan remained in Sadowara until 1537, when much of the castle was destroyed in a fire, forcing the Ito to relocate to Miyazaki castle for 5 years until repairs could be completed.
In 1568, they returned to Sadowara,
making it their main base castle. The Ito lost the castle to the Otomo clan in 1577, and they in turn lost it in 1579 when the Shimazu clan took control. Upon the death of lord Shimazu Iehisa, he was succeeded by Shimazu Toyohisa. After Toyohisa’s death in the battle of Sekigahara in 1600, Sadowara became Tokugawa property, and in 1693, despite their previous opposition to the Tokugawa, Toyohisa’s cousin became castellan.
The castle underwent an expansion in 1610,
when a three story keep, Yagura watchtowers and stronger gates were constructed. The remains of the castle keep show it to have been about 11m X 12m in size. During excavations, parts of a shachihoko, the tiger-fish roof ornament gracing castles and temples was discovered. This shows that a set of 50cm wide, 80cm high, gold covered shachihoko ornaments once graced the keep’s roof. .....
- source : samurai-world.com/sadowara-castle... -

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Miyakonojō city 都城市, a modern city founded in 1924.
- History
Miyakonojō is known as the birthplace of the Shimazu Estate, the largest shōen (estate or manor) of medieval Japan.
In the 1020s, a powerful official named Taira no Suemoto developed a small manor named Shimazu-in. Expanded substantially in the first half of the 12th century, it eventually covered large portions of Satsuma, Ōsumi and Hyūga Provinces. In 1185, Koremune no Tadahisa was appointed as jitō of the Shimazu Estate and thereafter claimed the clan name of Shimazu. It is said that one of Tadahisa's residences, called Iwayoshi Gosho, was located at Miyakonojō.
Between the Muromachi period and Edo period, the Hōngō family, which was a branch family of the Shimazus, controlled the area. After the Boshin War, it became one of the cities to abolish the han system. In 1871, it became a prefecture for a year.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

- quote -
The Satsuma kaidô, or Satsuma Highway, was a road, roughly 100 km in length, which ran through Satsuma province to the border with Higo province. It was a major commercial thoroughfare, and was used for a variety of purposes, including as one of the main routes used by the Shimazu clan as the first (and last) leg of their sankin kôtai missions to Edo.
The road began at Shimomachi fudatsuji in Kagoshima
(today the site of the parking lot of the eastern branch building of Kagoshima City Hall), and ran past the 1000 koku riding grounds (Sengoku baba), through Nishida-bashi, the port of Ichiki, Mukôda, Akune, and Demizu, before arriving at Noma-seki at the border with Higo province. Stone markers were arranged every ri (roughly four km) along the route, and much of the route was lined with pine trees, which provided shelter from sun and rain.
- source : samurai-archives.com... -

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Obi Kaido 飫肥街道 Obi Highway

Now National Route 222 and part of 27, connecting 飫肥城下 the castle town of Obi (modern 日南市 Nichinan city) and 清武 Kiyotake (都城市 Miyakonojō).

飫肥城 Obi castle

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飫肥街道 ― 歩く感じる江戸時代
前田博仁 Maeda Hiroto

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Obi Kaido and 人吉街道 Hitoyoshi Kaido

飫肥街道と人吉街道鵜戸神宮・宮崎神宮・球磨川もうひとつの街道五箇庄への道佐敷・人吉・宮崎

- Places visited
●八代海●佐敷○佐敷城○青井阿蘇神社●人吉●球磨川○人吉城●免田●多良木○精蓮寺●湯前○城泉寺●目良西都○南方神社○西都原古墳群○国分寺○巨田神社●佐土原○大光寺○阪本寺●宮崎○宮崎神宮●鵜戸○鵜戸神宮●飫肥○飫肥城○振徳堂

contents 目次
●街道ギャラリー
神話や古の民俗芸能の息づく九州山地をゆく
●飫肥街道人物探訪
九州の戦国時代と島津四兄弟
●街道物語
●人吉城今昔
●街道聞き語り
前方後円墳が語りかける3～6世紀のヤマトと九州
●伝統の味と技
球磨の自然と良米からつくられる球磨焼酎
●もうひとつの街道五箇庄への道　
●飫肥街道と人吉街道の名宿・名店
●街道歳時記
- reference source : kaidoaruki.com... hitoyoshi... -

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The former Hyuga province 日向国 was also called
日州（にっしゅう）Nisshu
向州（こうしゅう）Koshu

- quote -
Hyūga Province (日向国 Hyūga no kuni)
- History
In the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki,
Hyūga is called Kumaso Province (熊曽国 Kumaso no kuni) of Tsukushi-no-shima (Kyushu), along the provinces of Tsukushi, Toyo and Hi.
In the 3rd month of the 6th year of the Wadō era (713), the land of Hyūga was administratively separated from Ōsumi Province (大隈国). In that same year, Empress Genmei's Daijō-kan continued to organize other catastral changes in the provincial map of the Nara period.
During the Sengoku period,
the area was often divided into a northern fief around Agata castle (near modern 延岡 Nobeoka), and a southern fief around Obi castle, near modern Nichinan. The southern fief was held by the Shimazu clan of nearby Satsuma for much of the period. The Itō clan held control of Hyuga until it was conquered by the Shimazu in 1578.
Higashisoo District (東囎唹郡)
Koyu District (児湯郡)
Morokata District (諸県郡)
Naka District (那珂郡)
Usuki District (臼杵郡)
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.................................................................................　Miyazaki 宮崎県
飫肥 Obi

. daija, orochi 大蛇 the huge serpent, great snake .
In a valley of 日州飫肥 Obi a man went to get firewood in the mountain forest and was chased by a huge serpent. He also saw a cat and a serpent have a fight.
If someone tries to shoot the huge serpent with an arrow, he will be cursed.

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. hinotama, hi no tama 火の玉と伝説 Legends about fire balls .
When a person dies, his soul becomes a fire ball and flies away out of the roof.

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. kumo 蜘蛛と伝説 Legends about spiders / Spinnen .
If a spider is seen leaving from the body of an ill person, it means his soul has left the body.

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. ryuujin 竜神 /龍神と伝説 Ryujin, Legends about the Dragon Deity .
In the 井津 Itsu hamlet of 日州飫肥領 the Obi domaine there was an island called 児島 Kojima.
Since olden times 弁財天 Benzaiten and 虚空蔵 Kokuzo were venerated there (seen as incarnations of Ryujin).
In former times the island was connected to the mainland, but once during a heavy rainfall the land was swept away. The local fishermen in trouble, because they had lost some fishing grounds. One day a fisherman went to a temple of the Zen sect and asked the priest for advise. The priest wanted to help and gave the fisherman a letter. The fisherman took this letter, wrapped it around a stone and threw it into the sea. That night there was a strong thunderstorm and much rain and next morning the land was back in place.
The letter must have contained a prayer to Kokuzo.

. Benten 弁天と伝説 Legends about Benten, Benzaiten .

. Kokūzō 虚空蔵菩薩 Kokuzo Bosatsu .

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. udonge 優曇華 / ウドンゲと伝説 Legends about Udonge flowers .
If someone sees the Udonge flowers in a dream, he is going to die soon.

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boorei 亡霊 a ghost
The lord of 清武城 Kiyotake castle, 稲津重政 Inazu Shigemasa (1574 - 1602), had falsely been accused by the Lord of Obi, so he and his wife 雪江 Yukie commited suicide.
They were buried at the side of togamezuka 咎塚 a special mound for criminals. At night the ghosts of the couple would come out, flew over to the harbour and destroyed the ships of the Obi domaine.
The people did not know what to do, but eventually buried them in the middle of the special mound, from where they could not see the harbour.
Since then all was quiet again.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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Edo - the EDOPEDIA -

8/28/2019

Satsuma Kaido Highway

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