kasugai clamp cleat

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kasugai 鎹 / かすがい clamp, cramp, cleat, staple

. Japanese Architecture 日本建築 technical terms .
- Introduction　-




. My collection in facebook .


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- quote
kasugai　- cleat
A strip of metal or wood driven into two members to hold them together securely. A metal cleat that is bent at each end has sharp points.


a) watari　渡り　b) tsume　爪

Each end of the cleat is pounded into one part of the two members to be joined. The bent parts, that function like nails, are called tsume 爪 and the center is called watari 渡り meaning cross over.
- source : JAANUS

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- from our kasugai discussion on facebook -

forged iron staple for a blacksmith

"cramp" in carpentry
and joinery usually refers to a mechanical "clamp" used to hold parts of an assemblage together while they are in process of construction.

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- quote

Children are Staples (ko wa kasugai)
There is a Japanese saying to the effect that "Children are Staples," ("ko wa kasugai" 子はカスガイ・鎹）.


In Japanese culture, the love between men and women is seen as being beautiful and natural, but like most things in nature, not particularly permanent. Love, between women and men does not last forever. There is no bridge across forever, no soulmate, no happy end. Japanese love stories tend, or tended, to end in double suicide: the most romantic outcome that one can hope for, at least far more so than domestic bliss.

The love or at least the relationship between parents and children, between ancestors and their descendants is however seen as being eternal. Parents and offspring are considered to be indivisible. No one is born again. This goes for the relationship between children and both mothers and fathers.

So when a couple have a child, while their own emotions for each other may wax and wane, they will be irretrievable linked forever in the flesh of their flesh, their child.

Hence, just as a staple can be used to join two pieces of wood together, so a children are considered to be like staples that join their parents together forever.


Related there are :
Children are the shackles of this world and the next
ko wa sankai no kubikase 子は三界の首枷
which refers to pretty much the same thing.
- source : ww.burogu.com/2010


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かすがい【鎹】
① -- 二本の材木をつなぎとめるための両端の曲がった大釘。

② -- 二つのものをつなぎとめる役をするもの。 「子は－」

③ -- 戸締まりに用いる金具。かけがね。 「 －もとざしもあらばこそ／催馬楽」
- source : 世界大百科事典

1 - a metal clamp to hold wood together
2 - to hold something together, a bond (e.g. a child)
3 - kakegane, a kind of metal door lock

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かすがい clamp cramp
丸鋼、角形鋼、平鋼などの鉄棒の両端を折り曲げ、先端を爪(つめ)状にとがらせた建築金物で、二つの部材をつなぎ合わせるために金槌(かなづち)などで打ち込む。丸かすがい、角かすがい、平かすがいの名称がある。折り曲げた部分を爪、中央部を渡りといい、木材や石材を相互に緊結させるために用いる。建具や家具に使用する長さ3センチメートル程度のものから、建物の軸組を緊結する長さ18センチメートル程度のものまで各種あり、さらに、先端の爪が互いに直角になるような手違いかすがい、一方を短冊状にしてこれに釘(くぎ)穴をつけた目かすがいがある。前者は桁(けた)と垂木(たるき)に、後者は縁甲板と根太(ねだ)の取り付けなどに用いる。また両爪の長いものは輪かすがいといわれ、形状、名称など使用場所によっても異なる。古くは加須可比とも書き、建具などをつなぎ止めるために用いられた金物で、掛金、繋金(かきがね)を意味した。
「子は（夫妻の）かすがい」なども、つなぎ止める意味からのことばといえる。
［坂田種男］
- source : 日本大百科全書

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- quote
Kasugai shi 春日井市 Kasugai town
is a city located in Aichi Prefecture, north of the Nagoya metropolis..

As of February 2012, the city has an estimated population of 306,573 and a population density of 3,310 persons per km². The total area is 92.71 km².
Former Nagoya Airport, is located between Kasugai and neighboring Komaki.
- - History
During the Meiji period, the area was organized into villages under Higashikasugai District, with the town of Kachigawa established on July 25, 1900. On June 1, 1943, Kachigawa was merged with neighboring villages of Toriimatsu and Shinogi to form the city of Kasugai. In 1958, Kasugai annexed the neighboring towns of Sakashita and Kozoji. Kasugai gained Special city status on April 1, 2001.
- source : wikipedia


- - - - - The mascots of Kasugai
Haruyo - Nichimaru and Inosuke



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- quote
Kasugai town, Sumirezuka in Autumn


When walking up the path from the garden of Utsutsu Shrine to "Sumirezuka", you will see an array of stone monuments.
These monuments carry "Haiku" poems dedicated to Matsuo Basho an ancient "Haiku"poet.

- - - - - -more interesting English links to Kasugai Town
Kasugai City Tofu Memorial Museum - Ono no Tōfū 小野道風 (894-966)
Festivals . . . etc
- source : www.city.kasugai.lg.jp


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- quote
Kasugai Snack Foods 春日井 製菓 Kasugai Seika
a Japanese snack company that exports to the United States and United Kingdom. It mainly exports candy, but also Japanese snacks.


The company was founded in 1923 by Rai Winsuto in Kasugai, Aichi. It began as a small shop selling dried snacks such as nuts, peas, and fruit. However, since then they have become a company that produces many different snack products that they export to other countries.
- source : wikipedia


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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -


あばらやの戸のかすがいよなめくじり
abaraya no to no kasugai yo namekujiri

the clamp on the door
of my tumbledown home -
a slug

. Nozawa Boncho 野沢凡兆 . (1640 - 1714)




. namekujiri なめくじり slug .
namekuji 蛞蝓 (なめくじ) slug / namekujira なめくじら
- - kigo for all summer -


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日の盛鎹打たる仁王の脛
hi no sakari kasugai uchitaru nioo no sune

the sun at its best -
hitting a clamp
in the shin of Nio

Takazawa Ryooichi 高澤良一 Takazawa Ryoichi




. Nioo 仁王 Nio, Deva Kings .



. hizakari 日盛 (ひざかり) "the sun at its best" .
..... hi no sakari 日の盛（ひのさかり
the strong heat of the day
- - kigo for late summer - -

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白玉や鎹の子も十七に
shiratama ya kasugai no ko mo juushichi ni

white dumplings -
our child, our bond
now already seventeen
Tr. Gabi Greve

Suzuku Shigeo 鈴木しげを

. shiratama 白玉 (しらたま) Shiratama Dango .
"white treasure, white pearls"
- - kigo for all summer - -


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. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. - Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .



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zashiki guest room

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zashiki 座敷 guest room, drawing room, sitting room

. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .
- Introduction -


- quote
A generic term for a room covered with straw mats *tatami 畳.

In the Heian period when aristocratic dwellings *shinden-zukuri 寝殿造, were floored with wooden planks, woven straw or rush mats, some with bound edging, and thick mats agedatami 上畳 that raised the person a little above floor level were used for seating.
Eventually, from the late 12c, the word zashiki applied to rooms completely covered with straw mats and was used for guests. Thus, it became a reception room or guest room. This custom was later emulated in the folk dwellings *minka 民家 of lower ranking people in the Edo period.


Nagatomi 永富 house (Hyogo)

Both sukiya 数寄屋 and *shoin 書院, later came to use not only tatami but also incorporated alcoves (both *tokonoma 床の間 and *wakidana 脇棚) in the zashiki.

. sukiya 数寄屋 room for the tea ceremony .


- - - - - okuzashiki　奥座敷



1　
A general term for the final or innermost room of a *shoin 書院 style reception suite.

2　
In vernacular houses *minka 民家 of the Edo period in parts of Touhoku 東北 and the Kantou 関東, Toyama, Ishikawa, and Kagawa prefectures, and Kyoto district, the room furthest from the earthfloored area *doma 土間 in the rear part of a *hirairi 平入, house. It was a formal reception room equipped with a decorative alcove *tokonoma 床の間. Alternatively called *oku 奥, oku-no-ma 奥の間, oku-no-dei 奥の出居.

3　
In vernacular townhouses *machiya 町家 of the Edo period in Kyoto and Nara, a room at the rear of the house overlooking the garden. Equipped with a tokonoma, it served as a formal reception room and often as a sleeping room shinshitsu 寝室 for elderly dependents. Also called *oku 奥.

4　
A formal reception room to the rear of the shop, *mise 店 in machiya in the vincinity of Kanazawa 金沢 in Ishikawa prefecture..


- - - - - kura zashiki 蔵座敷 living room in a storehouse
Also *zashikigura 座敷蔵.
A fireproof structure *dozou-zukuri 土蔵造 used as a reception suite *zashiki 座敷. The roof is tiled *kawarabuki 瓦葺, or boarded *itabuki 板葺.
Where the kurazashiki is attached to or incorporated into the core area of a house, it is called uchigura zashiki 内蔵座敷. Usually two storeys high, the lower floor is always used as a reception room, whilst the upper floor is either a storeroom or a second reception room.



The most luxurious kurazashiki reception rooms were fitted with a decorative alcove *tokonoma 床の間, staggered shelves *chigaidana 違い棚, and a built-in table tsukeshoin 付書院, and other decorative features. The kurazashiki was used for important ceremonies such as weddings, as well as to accommodate guests. First seen in town houses in the Kansai 関西 region, the kurazashiki spread to Edo.
Today, the largest numbers of surviving examples can be seen in Yamagata and Fukushima prefectures. Also used as high-class guest house accommodation.
- source : JAANUS

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. Zashiki Hakkei 座敷八景 Eight Parlor Views .
by Suzuki Harunobu 鈴木春信
and
more about the Hakkei 八景 Eight Views of Edo

under construction
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karakuri ningyō (からくり人形)  mechanized puppets

zashiki karakuri (座敷からくり, tatami room karakuri) were small and used in homes.

They influenced the Noh, Kabuki and Bunraku theatre.

zashiki karakuri

The most common example today of a zashiki karakuri mechanism is a tea-serving robot, which starts moving forward when a cup of tea is placed on the plate in its hands. It was used in a situation when a host wanted to treat a guest in a recreational way at a tea ceremony. It moves in a straight line for a set distance, moving its feet as if walking, and then bows its head.
This signals that the tea is for drinking, and the doll stops when the cup is removed.
When it is replaced, the robot raises its head, turns around and returns to where it came from. It is typically powered by a wound spring made of whalebone, and the actions are controlled by a set of cams and levers.
source : Wikipedia


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zashiki warashi 座敷童子 / ざしきわらし　girl spooks
in Iwate, Tono, Tohoku / 岩手県に伝えられる精霊的な存在


CLICK for more photos !

- quote
Translated from Mizuki Shigeru’s Tono Monogatari

Zashiki warashi are a yokai from the Tohoku region of Japan. They live in the rafters of ceilings or in old storehouses. One of the mysteries of zashiki warashi is that they always take the appearance of small children, and never of adults.

In Iwate prefecture, zashiki warashi are said to appear in many of the local Elementary schools, and play with the children. At nine o’ clock, dressed in a white kimono, the zashiki warashi slip through cracks in the door and play around between the desks and chairs, having a great time. Of course, only the children can see the zashiki warashi as they romp around the classroom.

Also, about a hundred years ago in Tokyo, zashiki warashi were said to live in the storehouse of a man named Umehara Sotoku. Whenever any human went into the storehouse they would suddenly be overcome by the need to urinate and would have to flee running from the storehouse. It was said that this was due to the presence of the zashiki warashi. Also, sometimes at night the sound of something striking a metal pole could be heard.

One year, there was a fire near that house and the flames rapidly spread. The family was busy bringing the furniture out of the house when a child that no one knew was seen running out of the storehouse and helped carry the furniture into the cellar for safekeeping. Even though they tried, no one got a good look at his face. When all of the goods and people were safely in the cellar, the door was shut tight but the small boy was no were to be seen.

That old storehouse was nothing special, the kind that could be found anywhere. But high up on the shelf that was used to store charcoal there was a box about 15 by 16 centimeters that no one ever touched. Most likely that was the home of the zashiki warashi.

The old storehouse did eventually burn down in a fire in the middle of the Meiji period, and from then on the zashiki warashi was never seen or heard from again. I wonder where it went?



There is what is called the Three Great Stories of Tono. Of these, the legend of the zashiki-warashi is by far the most famous. Let’s touch on these legends a bit.

Zashiki-warashi (“zashiki” meaning the tatami room of traditional Japanese houses, and “warashi” meaning a kid or small child) are often seen as a kind of omen in the houses of once-great families on the verge of decline. The disappearance of the zashiki-warashi from the house was a sign that the family’s fortunes had waned. Looking into this, you can find many families who have used zashiki-warashi to account for the withering away of their wealth and status. The disappearance of zashiki-warashi was also an easy way to explain away a neighbor’s misfortunes to children who were too young to understand. Many a parent has relied on this convenient excuse to circumvent uncomfortable questions.

But there are other thoughts on the zashiki-warashi. In the 42nd year of Meiji, Yanagita wrote in his diary that on the journey from Hanamaki to Tono he saw only three places that showed any sign of human habitation. On these rough plateaus between the surrounding mountains it was said there were a hardscrabble people making their living off the land called Yamabito. These people of the mountains were said to be of substantial build and were described as having eyes differently colored from normal Japanese. The villages of the Tono area were terrified of Yamabito, who were said to sometimes raid the villages and either ravage or kidnap the local women. Due to this fear of outsiders, as well as due to the special geographical features of the mountain basin in which they lived, the people of Tono were solitary and exclusionary. Their houses held many secrets.

Old families of rank and reputation sometimes found their daughters ravaged and impregnated by these Yamabito attacks, and any child born of such a union was hidden away in the depths of the family mansion and never allowed to see the daylight. Other families of lesser fortunes sometimes gave birth to more children than they could afford, so it was said that some children were culled, their bodies buried under the dirt floors or under the kitchen instead of a proper grave. An eyewitness to both of these ancient customs sites these practices as the origin of the zashiki-warashi legends.

There are of course other origins that have nothing to do with bad parents hiding or killing their own children. Some say that zashiki-warashi are merely spirits of the house, no different than any other kami.

Regardless of their origins, they are a vivid and ancient legend. One official account, published in 1910 (the 43rd year of Meiji), tells of an elementary school in Tsuchibuchi where a first grade student claimed to see a zashiki-warashi right in front of him, although his teachers and classmates were unable to see the spirit
- source : hyakumonogatari.com


. Tōno monogatari 遠野物語 Tono Monogatari .
Legends of Tono


. makuragaeshi 枕返し pillow flipper and Zashiki Warashi legends .


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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

. WKD - kigo for all summer .

sitting room in summer, parlor in summer
natsu zashiki 夏座敷



Zashiki 座敷, a room covered with tatami straw mats and a decoration alcove (tokonoma　床の間), used to entertain visitors, a kind of reception room.
Ths SUMMER sitting room is the same room as used in winter when entertaining visitors during the day. But with the summer decoration of bamboo blinds and light seating mats, the summer preparations would make you feel cool in summer. The doors could be kept open to let the fresh air from the garden into the room.
This is of course talking about the Edo period, without air conditioning or electric fans to bring some refreshment.
A wind chime hung in the eves would also enhance the feeling of coolness.
elegant blinds for the living room, ozashiki sudare 御座敷すだれ

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. WKD - kigo for all winter .

sitting room in winter, fuyu zashiki 冬座敷




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- - - - - oku zashiki, okuzashiki　奥座敷
oku no ma, okunoma 奥の間 "room in the back"

はつ雪や医師に酒出す奥座敷
hatsu yuki ya isha ni sake dasu okuzashiki

first snow !
we serve sake to the doctor
in the innermost room

. Tan Taigi 炭太祇 .
(1709 -1771 or ?1738-1791)


- - - and there it is ! a sake 酒 rice wine called Okuzashiki


- source : sakesakesakesakesake.blogspot.jp

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山茶花や青空見ゆる奥座敷
sazanka ya aozora miyuru okuzashiki

winter camellia -
from the reception room in the back
I look at the blue sky

Oomine Akira 大峯あきら Omine Akira




. sasanka 山茶花 Camellia Sasanqua .
- - kigo for Winter - -


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- - - - - kura zashiki, kurazashiki 蔵座敷 living room in a storehouse



source :　www.jin.ne.jp/araebisu

蔵座敷五尺時計の音涼し
kurazashiki goshakudikei no oto suzushi

our storehouse living room -
the sound of the large clock
is so cool

Hakutaku Yoshiko 白澤よし子

go shaku 五尺 is about 150 cm.


. tokei 時計 clock .

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source :　www.tif.ne.jp/jp/ati

喜多方や旅の朝寝の蔵座敷
Kitakata ya tabi no asane no kurazashiki

Kitakata -
sleeping late on a trip
in a storehouse guest room

Hasegawa Teruko 長谷川耿子

Kitakata is a town in Fukushima, famous for its many kura.
. kura 蔵 storehouse, warehouse .


also famous for its good ramen soup.
. Kitakata Ramen 喜多方ラーメン .

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獅子舞に戸をあけ放つ蔵座敷
shishimai ni to o akehanatsu kurazashiki

opening the door
of the storehouse living room
for the Lion Dancers

Yoshida Futaba 吉田二葉



- source and more photos : 得さんのページ

. shishimai,　 獅子舞 lion dance .
- - kigo for the New Year - -

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. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .


. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .


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irori sunken hearth

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irori 囲炉裏 / 居炉裏 / いろり　open sunken hearth
It has many local names, for example
iroi イロイ / jiro 　ジロ　/ ijiro 　イジロ　 / yurui　ユルイ / hidoko 　ヒドコ / hijiro ヒジロ　

- part of the entry about
. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. daidokoro 台所 the Japanese kitchen .
- Introduction -


source :　kodairanoyama.wordpress.com

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- quote
irori　囲炉裏 - also written 居炉裏.
Also called ro 炉. An open hearth set in the floor of various rooms in Japanese buildings. Believed by some to have referred originally to the periphery of the hearth, the term was generally used for the hearth itself. It provided heat, light and in many cases a place for cooking suiji 炊事.

For cooking purposes, pots or kettles were either placed upon tripods, or suspended from the beams above the heat using an adjustable hook *jizaikagi 自在鈎 which might be decorative.

Irori size varied from around 45x45cm (in teahouses) to 2mx1m, with 90x90cm being the average. The irori was usually square.
There were two main types. The simplest was a pit excavated directly in the surface of the ground, partially backfilled with sand and ash and edged with stones or timber. This kind of irori was common in the poorer vernacular houses *minka 民家, of the Edo period, which had a low floor of rice husks and reed matting *doza 土座 instead of a raised floor. This type resembles the hearths unearthed in excavations of prehistoric pit dwellings *tateana juukyo 竪穴住居.

The second type of irori was constructed into the raised timber floor, takayuka 高床, and edged with timber or occasionally stone. A mound of stones and earth brought up to the level of the underside of the floor formed the base. A hollow fire pit, usually lined with plaster *shikkui 漆喰, was then made in the center of this base.

The irori was already in use in the upper class residences of the Heian period, where it was termed *jihiro 地火炉. It was also found in shoin style residences *shoin-zukuri 書院造, especially in service rooms such as the kitchens *daidokoro 台所, *kiyodokoro 清所, and in style rooms *sukiya 数寄屋, and tea houses *chashitsu 茶室. In minka it was found not only in the kitchen, but also in the center of the main living room *hiroma 広間, *oue 御上 (o-ue), where it was a focus of everyday life around which meals were eaten and informal visitors entertained.

The sitting arrangement around the irori in minka was fixed: the seat at the upper end *kamite 上手, overlooked the earthfloored area *doma 土間, called the *yokoza 横座, was for the master of the house. The seat opposite him, called variously *kijiri 木尻, hijiri 火尻, or *shimoza 下座, was the lowest in rank and was used by junior family members, dependents and servants, or for fuel storage. The seat toward the rear of the house, closest to the kitchen area, was the wife's seat *nyoubouza 女房座 (nyoobooza), ubaza うば座, kakaza かか座, tanamoto 棚もと. The seat opposite her (nearest to the entry in *hirairi 平入 houses) was used by visitors or by the eldest son and was called *kyakuza 客座, mukouza 向座, or otokoza 男座.

All of these seats have a wide variety of local names. The irori was a feature of minka in almost all parts of the country, and in Touhoku 東北 region, it was quite common for houses to have two. An exception was the Kinki 近畿 region around Nara, Kyoto and Osaka, where, from the mid-Edo period, the irori virtually ceased to be used in the vicinity of major urban areas. Irori has a wide range of regional names and pronunciation variants, of which the main ones are yururi ゆるり, yurui ゆるい, irui いるい, yuri ゆり, iri いり, ennaka えんなか, hinata ひなた, hitakijiro 火焚き地炉, hijiro 火地炉.
- source : JAANUS



CLICK for more photos !


. sukiya 数寄屋 tea ceremony room .

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jizaikagi 自在鉤 pot hook, Kesselhaken　
to hang a pot above the open fire of a hearth (irori 囲炉裏).

f
from my collection

- quote
jizaikagi　自在鈎 pothook.
A device that enables a pot nabe 鍋 or tea kettle tetsubin 鉄瓶 to be suspended over a sunken hearth * irori 囲炉裏. It was called jizaikagi (free hook) because the pothook was adjustable, allowing a pot to be lowered or raised away from the fire as required. The most basic type consisted of a piece of rope from which the pot was suspended, tied to one end of a freely suspended wooden or metal element called *saru 猿.

The loose end was passed over a beam, and then threaded through a hole in the other end of the saru, and knotted to the hook kagi 鈎 which supported the pot. The drag tension on the rope as it passed through the saru kept the pot at the desired height; the height could be adjusted and the tension could be relaxed by changing the angle of the saru. The saru became a readily recognizable part of domestic architecture as it was often decoratively designed in the form of a fan or a fish, or the mallet of the god *Daikokuten 大黒天, which was believed to bring prosperity.

More sophisticated jizaikagi used two bamboo or metal poles takesao 竹棹 but they also relied upon the principal of drag tension and the use of the saru. It is not known when the jizaikagi was invented but it was already in use in the Muromachi period. It was used in service buildings, vernacular houses *minka 民家 and tea houses *chashitsu 茶室. It is said to have been introduced into tea houses by Takeno Jouou 武野紹鴎 (1502-55), inspired by one he had seen in a rural house.
Often abbreviated to jizai 自在, it also had a variety of local names including kagidoko 鈎どこ, Nagano prefecture; tsurikagi 吊り鈎, Ishikawa prefecture; kagizuru 鈎づる, Gifu prefecture; and oansama おあん様, Chiba prefecture.
- source : JAANUS



source :　facebook

with Fuji San"-shaped saru counterweight

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

open Japanese hearth, irori 囲炉裏
Click for more photos!

ro 炉 hearth
irori 囲炉裏 sunken hearth
robi 炉火 fire in the hearth
danboo 暖房 / 煖房 fireplace
ro akari 炉明 light from the hearth

. WKD - ro 炉 hearth .
- - kigo for all winter

..... uzumibi 埋火, うずみび

Ryokan warming himself at a small fire (uzumibi) 埋火(うずみび)


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五つ六つ茶の子にならぶ囲炉裏哉
itsutsu mutsu cha no ko ni narabu irori kana

Irori and tea cakes with
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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source :　dream326.blog.fc2.com

仏師逝き火なき囲炉裏を残したる
busshi naki hi naki irori o nokoshitaru

the Buddhist sculptor is dead
and left the sunken hearth
without a fire . . .

Makino Shunku 牧野春駒


. Buddhist Sculptors Gallery .


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自在鉤に荒彫りの鯉ビール酌む
jizaikagi ni arabori no koi biiru kumu

as a pot hook
a roughly carved carp -
pouring beer

Ishikawa Keiroo 石川桂郎 Ishikawa Keiro (1909 - 1975)


. biiru ビール .. 麦酒 beer, Japanisches Bier .
- - kigo for all Summer - -

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source :　www7b.biglobe.ne.jp/~studio-takao
Yasome Aiko 八染藍子

炉開きや鯉まろまろと自在鉤
robiraki ya koi marumaru to jizaikagi

opening the hearth -
a well-rounded carp
as our pot hook

Yasome Aiko 八染藍子 (1934 - )


. Robiraki　炉開き"Opening the hearth" .
irori hiraki 囲炉裏開く（いろりひらく）"opening the open hearth"
- - kigo for November - Tea Ceremony - -




CLICK for more photos !



- - - - -  how to install the pot hook carp
- source : store.shopping.yahoo.co.j

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. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home - Introduction .




. My collection in facebook .


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daidokoro kitchen

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. - Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .
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daidokoro 台所 the Japanese kitchen
- Introduction -

- - - - part of the entry about
. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .





- - - kitchen, from my visit to Katsuyama, Okayama

. Kitchen (daidokoro) and hearth (kamado) .
My first introduction, with haiku from Matsuo Basho and others

- under construction !
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- quote - JAANUS
1　Believed to be an abbreviated form of *daibandokoro 台盤所. The most common Japanese term for kitchen. From at least the Heian period, the term was used in the emperor's residential compound, Dairi 内裏, of the imperial palace and in the mansions of the aristocracy to refer to a room used for the final stages of food preparation and serving. By the medieval period the term was used in warrior houses.

2　From the 13c-19c, a building in upper class residences, used to prepare and cook food. Typically, it included an earth-floored area *doma 土間, equipped with a cooking range *kamado 竈, and sometimes a well *ido 井戸, and sink *nagashi 流し. In addition it incorporated a suite of raised floor rooms, some of which were equipped with an open hearth *irori 囲炉裏, where more advanced stages of food preparation and serving took place.

There was generally a smoke louvre *kemuridashi 煙出, in the roof. The building also contained storage space for food and utensils, and particularly in the medieval period, it is believed to have included accommodation for servants and lower members of the household. In large residences, such as the baronial mansions, daimyou yashiki 大名屋敷, of the Edo period, the main kitchen was often divided into two: a lower kitchen *shimodaidokoro 下台所, and an upper kitchen *kamidaidokoro 上台所. Alternative medieval terms for the upper class daidokoro include *mizushidokoro 御厨子所, zendokoro 膳所, and zenbu 膳部. In the Edo period the upper kitchen might alternatively be referred to as *kiyodokoro 清所 or *ryouri-no-ma 料理の間, and the lower kitchen as oodaidokoro 大台所.

3　In vernacular houses *minka 民家 of the Edo period daidokoro was: a term for the earth-floored area doma, in parts of Tokyo, Saitama, Kanagawa, Fukushima and Iwate prefectures: a cooking area in the rear part of the earth-floored area in houses with their entrance on the non-gabled side *hirairi 平入, in the Izumo region of Shimane prefecture ; a timber platform projecting from the raised living area, kyoshitsubu 居室部, into the earth-floored area in parts of Aomori, Yamagata Fukushima and Nagano prefectures and throughtout Hokuriku 北陸. The latter generally had an open hearth irori, cut into the floor and was used for food preparation, dining, and as a place for sedentary work, especially in winter.

4　In vernacular houses minka, of the Edo period in many districts, a term for the main living room *hiroma 広間, which extended the full cross-sectional depth of the building from front to back, in *hiromagata 広間型 houses. The boarded floor was often exposed and there was usually an open hearth irori. It served as a living and dining space and some cooking was done in the irori.

5　In vernacular houses minka　of the Edo period with a 4-room or 6-room raised living area kyoshitsubu 居室部, the room in the rear range adjacent to the earth-floored area doma. It was used as a family parlor, dining room and for the preparation of food. It might be open to the doma or divided from it by sliding panels. In certain districts it contained an open hearth irori, though rarely in the Kinki 近畿 region, where the four-room house first emerged as a common minka type. It could also be a space toward the rear of the main living room hiroma, in kobeyatsuki hiromagata 小部屋付広間型 houses.

6　In urban vernacular houses *machiya 町家 of the Edo period, especially in the Kyoto area and regions influenced by it, a room to the rear of the shop *mise 店, adjacent to the earth-floored area doma, used for dining and the preparation of food and as a family parlor. It was also often referred to as the naka-no-ma 中の間. In all regions, daidokoro was often abbreviated to daidoko 台どこ and in certain areas to dedoko でどこ. Daidokoro is sometimes written 大所.
- source : JAANUS

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source :gwald.com/rakugo

長屋の台所風景 Kitchen of a nagaya living quarter in Edo

. nagaya　
長屋　ながや long house, row housing .

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chooriba 調理場 kitchen

chuu, zu, kuriya 厨, chuubo 厨房 chubo, kitchen (closet, cupboard)
..... chuu is a place that gets black (by the smoke) - kuriya 涅屋 a kitchen of a temple
(with a lot of compound word used in haiku - 初厨 - 厨事 - 貧厨 - 厨妻 - 厨窓 - 大厨 - 行厨 . . .)

dedoko でどこ lower-class kitchen

doma 土間 earth-floored area

katte 勝手 kitchen
- - - - - katteguchi 勝手口 special door to enter the kitchen

hetsui, 竈(へ)つ火 "stove with fire", also the name for the Deity.
hettsui へっつい, hitsui, hittsui

hocho, wabocho . 和包丁. Knife, knives (hoochoo, waboochoo)
Japanisches Messer

. ido 井戸 well - and kigo .

. irori　囲炉裏　/ いろり　open sunken hearth .
- - - - - jizaikagi　自在鈎 pothook and more

. kamado 竈 cooking stove - Haiku introduction .
- okudo, okudosama in Kyoto
- - - - - more details below

. Kamagami 釜神 The Hearth Deity .
Dokujin, dokoojin 土公神 - Kenroo chijin 堅牢地神 Kenro Earth Deity
お荒神様 Aragamisama

kamidaidokoro 上台所 upper kitchen

kemuridashi 煙出 smoke louvre

kittchin キッチン kitchen

kiyodokoro 清所 upper class kitchen

mizushi 水仕, mizushigoto, mizu shigoto 水仕事 washing the dishes, doing "water work"

mizushidokoro 御厨子所 kitchen of the upper class
. . . zendokoro 膳所, zenbu 膳部

. nabe なべ　鍋 pot and pan .

nagashi 流し sink

naka no ma, naka-no-ma 中の間 kitchen of a town house

oodaidokoro 大台所 lower kitchen, lit. "big kitchen"

ryoori no ma, ryoori-no-ma 料理の間 upper class kitchen (place for making food)

shimodaidokoro 下台所 lower kitchen

suiji 炊事, suijiba 炊事場 cooking, place for cooking
- - - - - taku 炊く to boil rice

yuukuriya 夕厨 kitchen work in the evening

. zen 膳 food tray for one person .

zushi 厨子 cupboard

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CLICK for more photos of the Edo kitchen!

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kamadoshi, kamado-shi, kamado shi 竈師 specialist making an earthen hearth
hettsui shokunin 造竃職人 / へっつい屋 hettsuiya


source : edoichiba.jp.kamado...

- quote -
By the late Edo period (1615-1867), some households had a variety of kamado:
kamado for use in a raised floor space rather than the doma;
small portable kamado (this was also the commonest type in cramped urban tenements;
a large one for preparing fodder for domestic animals; and often
a special one for use only on festive occasions and for preparing rice cakes.
The symbolic significance of the kamado was in proportion to its functional importance as a cooking appliance and adjunct of the hearth.
Its tutelary spirit, kamadogami, was one of the principal household deities, revered as provider of the means to cook and feared as a potential cause of conflagration.
- source : nakedwhiz.com/kamadotheword -

For fear of fire, many homes in a Nagaya living quarter in Edo did not have a stove. Some kitchens did not even have a knife. The vegetables were torn by hand, the Tofu was deliverd as it was eaten and the fish came cut by the fish vendor.
The hearth-making craftsmen were a group in itself with special skills according to the type of hearth to be made.
Homes in Kyoto usually had three "mouths" 三つ口, some even nine 九つ口.
The hetsui hearth of Edo was built with the back to the doma 土間 entrance hall, so the wife could see the living room. Most hearths were coverd with a black coating.



kamado nuri, kamadonuri 　竈塗り /　竃塗り　repairing the earthen hearth

This was the job of a professional
. shakan, sakan 左官 plasterer, stucco master .

The kamado (also called hettsui へっつい in Edo) was used every day to prepare the meals.
Usually it had two openings to fire up separately.
To put new plaster earth around the hearth as a fire protection was usually done as one of the preparations for the New Year.


source : blogs.yahoo.co.jp/yah1000senn
- - - - - Cooking rice at the Kamado kitchen hearth


竈も化粧をしたる年の暮
hettsui mo keshoo o shitaru toshi no kure

the cooking stove too
likes to have some make-up
at the end of the year

anonymous senryu

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- - - - - fuda 蓋 lid - - - - -



kamabutashi, kamabuta-shi 釜蓋師 making a lid for the iron pot
釜蓋職人
Craftsmen who made these wooden lids made also many other wooden tools for a home and kitchen, for example the wooden cutting boards.
The lids had to fit well to make sure no steam was coming out of the pot.
The wood was about 3 cm thick.


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. kamabuta tsuitachi 釜蓋朔日 opening the chauldron on the first day .
- kigo for early autumn -
On the first day of the seventh lunar month (now August 1) the chauldron of hell was opened to let the souls out for their visit to the family graves.
From this day on, the Urabon ceremonies were started.

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Kamafuta Jinja 釜蓋神社 "Kamafuta Shrine"
射楯兵主神社 Itate Tsuwamono Jinja



The deity of this shrine has long been venerated by the Samurai. To pray for victory before a battle, they came here with an old lid or kettle and offered it with the wish that bullets from the enemy gun would not hit them. So ever more Samurai visited here.
Now people also pray for good luck and luck with a new business, even victory in sports.
They put a lid on their head and walk from the entrance Torii gate of the Shrine building. If the lid does not fall down, their wish will be granted . . .



鹿児島県南九州市頴娃町別府6827 Beppu, Kagoshima, Kyushu
- reference : kamafuta jinja -


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. Washoku 和食歳時記 Japanese Food Culture 　 .

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

. kigo related to the kitchen .

. hatsu kamado 初竈 (はつかまど) first use of the hearth (fire)
. bongama 盆竈 Bon stove .
. kamado neko 竈猫（かまどねこ）cat in the hearth 　
. kamabarai 竈祓 (かまばらい) hearth purification .
. kama matsuri 竈祭（かままつり） hearth festival - - - and more

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猫の妻竃の崩れより通ひけり
. neko no tsuma hetsui no kuzure yori kayoi-keri .
and more kitchen haiku by Matsuo Basho and others

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source :　edo-tokyo-museum.or.jp

- - - - - kitchen-related haiku collection - - - - -

- source : HAIKUreikuDB

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
kamado 竈 54 to explore
kamado かまど 16 to explore　　・カマド 44 to explore
竈神 4 to explore / 炭竈

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. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

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. My collection in facebook .


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