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BACKUP - original is here
. Medicine in Edo .
and the illness of Matsuo Basho
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under construction - April 2013
Medicine in Edo
and the illness of Matsuo Basho
In the times before the advent of modern western medicine, Asia relied heavily on the use of traditional remedies, medical plants and minerals and then prayers to the various deities !
. Chinese Medicine 漢方 .
medicine from China, kanpoo, kanpooyaku 漢方薬
Later many young doctors went to Nagasaki to study
. Dutch learning 蘭學 / 蘭学 rangaku .
science from
oranda オランダ / 阿蘭陀 Holland
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. Yakushi Nyorai, the Buddha of Medicine 薬師如来 .
The Buddha of Healing
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A well-known doctor, inventor and scientist :
"the spirit of Tokugawa genius"
. Hiraga Gennai 平賀源内 .
(1728 - 80)
Hanaoka Seishū 華岡 青洲
(October 23, 1760 – November 21, 1835)
Hanaoka Seishu was a Japanese surgeon of the Edo period with a knowledge of Chinese herbal medicine, as well as Western surgical techniques he had learned through Rangaku (literally "Dutch learning", and by extension "Western learning").
Hanaoka is said to have been the first to perform surgery using general anesthesia.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !
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ban ishi 番医師 doctor for each Han
chootei i 朝廷医 doctor for the Imperial Court
isha 医者 doctor
kan i 官医 doctor for government officials
for the Shogun and his entourage
He was allowed to come to the Kikyo hall 桔梗の間 in Edo castle to attend to his duties.
machi ishi, machi-ishi 町医師 doctor of the town
doctor for the townspeople
oku ishi 奥医師 doctor for the harem (Oku) of the Shogun in Edo
te ishi, te isha 手医師 / 手医者
yabu isha, yabuisha 藪医者 quack doctor
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- www.yamamoto-museum.com
. Smallpox and the color RED .
為朝と疱瘡神
Minamoto no Tametomo and the God of Smallpox
. Red Amulets to protect Children .
Imo no Kami 痘瘡の神 the deity of smallpox
月に名を包みかねてや痘瘡の神
tsuki ni na o tsutsumi kanete ya imo no kami
the name of the moon
wrapped in a double meaning -
God of Smallpox
Tr. Gabi Greve
Matsuo Basho, written in 1689, on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month.
元禄2年8月15日. Oku no Hosomichi, in Tsuruga, near Yu no O Tooge 湯尾峠 Yunoo Toge pass.
shrine for the God of Smallpox at the Pass
At the tea house of the pass, near the shrine, they sold amulets against smallpox.
This was also the full moon night (IMO meigetsu) when people eat taro potatoes (sato IMO).
So this is a pun with the sound IMO, since the kanji for smallpox 疱瘡 is usually read HOOSOO, but can be read IMO.
. Matsuo Basho and the Kami deities of Japan .
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江戸時代の医者
source : www.gakken.co.jp
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. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .
町医師や屋敷方より駒迎へ
machi ishi ya yashiki gata yori koma mukae
. WKD : koma mukae 駒迎え "picking up the horses" .
aki no komabiki 秋の駒牽 selecting horses in autumn
observance kigo for mid-autumn
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薬飲むさらでも霜の枕かな
kusuri nomu sarademo shimo no makura kana
I drink some medicine
but there is still frost
on my pillow
Written abound the 22nd (25th) day of the 11th lunar month, 1687.
During his travelings, Basho was ill at the home of his disciple Kitoo 起倒 / 欄木起倒 Atsuta.
Basho had a chronic illness of his stomach and Kito went out to buy some medicine for him.
This hokku shows the feeling of loneliness and desperation of Basho when traveling alone and depending on the kindness of others.
shimo no makura is another expression for the pillow of a traveller, like the "kusamakura" grass pillow.
. Oi no Kobumi 笈の小文 .
. makura - the pillow of Matsuo Basho .
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水無月は腹病やみの暑さかな
minazuki wa fukubyoo yami no atsusa kana
the sixth lunar month
is a time for stomach illness
with its great heat . . .
or
the sixth lunar month
with its great heat
is a time for stomach illness . . .
another version was
昼はなほ腹病煩の暑さかな
hiru wa nao fukubyoo yami no atsusa kana
midday with its great heat is a time for stomach illness . . .
written in 1693, sixth lunar month - 元禄4年6月 (now July/August)
This hokku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3.
It seems Basho is not contrasting the great heat with a great fever but is really suffering from some kind of chronic stomach illness.
. minazuki 水無月 (みなづき) sixth lunar month .
lit. "month without water", the great heat before the typhoons of autumn arrive.
now from about July 7 to August 7
kigo for late summer
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source : basyo.okunohosomichi.net
薬欄にいづれの花を草枕
yakuran ni izure no hana o kusamakura
from your medicine garden
which flower should I take
to stuff in my pillow?
Written on the 8th day of the 7th lunar month at the home of a doctor in Echigo Takada, Hosokawa Shun-an 細川春庵, haiku name Toosetsu 棟雪 Tosetsu, who had planted a lot of medicinal herbs in his estate.
One can imagine Basho and the doctor walking along the garden path, looking at all the herbs and Shun-an explaining their curing effect.
This is a greeting hokku to his host.
The season is autumn, but no special kigo is mentioned.
Oku no Hosomichi 奥の細道 - - - Station 33 - Echigo 越後路 - - -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .
花薬欄 is also a koan in Zen Buddhism, used by Master Unmon 雲門, Hekigan Roku Nr. 39 碧巌録.
source : www.rinnou.net
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煩へば餅をも喰はず桃の花
. wazuraeba mochi o mo kuwazu momo no hana .
I am so ill ...
旅に病んで夢は枯野をかけ廻る
. tabi ni yande yume wa kareno o kakemeguru .
ill on the road
the Death Hokku of Matsuo Basho
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .
芭蕉の持病について
source : www.bashouan.com/pn
more TBA
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