ISSA New Year

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. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .


o-shoogatsu is a haiku season in itself with a lot of kigo

. WKD : 新年 SHIN-NEN Shinnen NEW YEAR - SAIJIKI .



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- - - Issa wrote :

....This time I'd arrived [in my hometown] in the depths of winter and hadn't arranged to lodge anywhere, so if I wasn't careful I could easily end my life frozen in a snowdrift somewhere....Just when I was trying to figure out what I should do, a compassionate man with a big heart who lives in the village told me he would rent me one corner of his house. Hearing that, I felt as happy as if I'd suddenly met Buddha in the middle of hell, and I moved in on the 24th of the Twelfth Month.
There, lying beneath a thick down quilt my student Kakou kindly gave me, I was able to survive the coldest days of the winter. Another student, Shumpo, gave me a mosquito net made of thick paper, and when I hung it up it blocked much of the cold, hard wind that came inside through the wall. Thanks to the kind help of these people I've somehow or other managed to get by and be here today to see the beginning of the Year of the Cock [1813].

よ所並の正月もせぬしだら哉
yoso nami no shoogatsu mo senu shidara kana

nothing ordinary
even at New Year's
here on the edge
Tr. Chris Drake

This hokku was written at one of the turning points in Issa's life, a situation Issa himself evokes in a haibun piece written on the same day entitled Shidara, a word which appears in the last line of the hokku. The word suggests that Issa's life is at an impasse and that he is going to attempt to improve the situation, though he is not yet sure he can succeed and feels weak and uneasy about the future. The immediate context of the hokku is best described by Issa himself in the excerpt translated above. (The translation of the hokku, however, is from Issa's diary, since there is one minor difference in the first line in the hokku as it appears in the haibun.)

Issa has rather suddenly decided to make his third trip of the year to his hometown in 1812, and since he hasn't been able to make proper preparations, he's had to depend on the kindness of others, for which he is thankful, yet he feels sorry for having to suddenly ask their aid. As he mentions earlier in the haibun, however, he had received a winter quilt from his younger half brother a few years earlier, which he stored with someone in his hometown, but when he tried to use the quilt he found it was full of filthy old diapers and cleaning rags and provided little warmth, so he had to borrow one from a student. The condition of the quilt made him very disappointed in his brother, and it symbolizes the resistance his brother has shown year after year to sharing half of their father's property, as stipulated in Issa's father's will.

The hokku is not only about spending a cold, bare, non-standard New Year's on the edge of Issa's hometown, the same town in which his brother and stepmother must be enjoying all sorts of nice foods and rituals at New Year's. The hokku is surely also about Issa turning fifty in 1812 and realizing that if he doesn't assert his rights to what his father has left him, then his present predicament of being routinely excluded from his hometown by his brother and stepmother will continue indefinitely, despite what they tell him. Issa was a gentle person, so it must have taken a lot of courage and determination to suddenly decide to make a difficult and somewhat dangerous return to his hometown in the midst of winter in order to confront his brother and stepmother after the Buddhist thirteenth-year memorial service for his father on 1/19.

At the time Issa wrote the hokku, he was still unsure of himself, but at or around the time of the memorial service, he must have demanded his rights in front of his brother and stepmother very strongly, because on 1/26 the head priest of the True Pure Land temple to which Issa's father had belonged arranged for the signing of a formal document clearly stating that Issa was to get half of his father's house and property. By taking an adamant stand, Issa probably offended his brother, stepmother, and many villagers, something he himself surely did not enjoy doing, but he evidently realized it was the only way he could return to his hometown and hope to start a family.

The hokku is about the present New Year's being different in many ways from what is considered normal and from what Issa has experienced in other years: this New Year's is both more lonely and full of anxiety than normal and more focused on taking a stand in the future. The hokku seems to declare that Issa believes that, for him, this New Year's is a time for extraordinary measures, not for formal politeness and rituals followed by business as usual.

Chris Drake


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. WKD : Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 - Introduction .


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naishoku home worker

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naishoku 内職　home worker, side business 　
home-based piecework, part-time piecemeal work

Many samurai in Edo were masterless and had to rely on some side business to support their families. They were "employed" by a larger factory and worked at home. They did jobs that could be done with their own hands and simple tools, using paper, fixing wooden boxes and so on.

- - - - - The most common were

asagaozukuri 朝顔作り　growing asagao morning glory plants

. choochin harikae 提灯張り変え gluing new paper to lanterns .

ganguzukuri 玩具作り making toys for children

kasa hari 傘張り gluing paper to umbrellas

. kingyo shiiku 金魚飼育 breeding goldfish (gold fish) .

kotori no shiiku 小鳥の飼育　breeding song birds

oogizukuri 扇子作り making hand fans

. takozukuri 凧作り making kites / takoya　凧屋 .

. terakoya 寺子屋 "temple school", private school teachers .

yooji kezuri 楊枝削り making toothpicks

They often got payed in rice bushels, seldom in money. They could bring the rice to a rice merchant and exchange it for money, but they took money for this job.

For women, the most common naishoku was
harishitogo　針仕事　needlework, repairing old robes and making new ones.
nuimono 縫い物



- source : blog.goo.ne.jp/minna_ai

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asagaozukuri 朝顔作り　growing morning glory
asagao uri 朝顔売り vendor of morning glories


source :　edoeten.cocolog-nifty.com/blog

asagao were most popular in Edo and sold at special markets in summer.
They were grown in small pots, and the vendors walked along the streets, carrying them in special baskets (yotsude kago四つ手籠)。



woodblock print by 歌川国貞 Utagawa Kunisada (1768 - 1864)



source :　kagi.blog14.fc2.com/blog-entry-109
with more dolls about business in Edo !


. WKD : asagao 朝顔 morning glory .

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kasa hari 傘張り gluing paper to umbrellas, repairing umbrellas


source :　ameblo.jp/edo-sanpo



CLICK for more images !
本当に江戸の浪人は傘張りの内職をしていたのか? - 山田順子
Did the samurai of Edo really glue paper to umbrellas ?



source :　blog.goo.ne.jp/aboo-kai

花の頃まだ子が生まれ傘を張る
hana no koro mada ko ga umare kasa o haru

come spring
another child will be born -
repairing umbrellas 

Since the couple were "home alone" most of the time, they were blessed with many children.


. furugasa kaiい 古傘買 furui kasa, buying old umbrellas .

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kotori no shiiku, shi-iku 小鳥の飼育　teaching young birds to sing properly.

. WKD : tori 鳥 bird, birds saijiki .


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yooji kezuri 楊枝削り making toothpicks

Toothpick was introduced into Japan in 584 (Nara period). It was brought in with Buddhism via China and Korea.
. yooji 楊枝, tsumayooji 爪楊枝 toothpick - Introduction .



under construction
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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

蕗の葉に雨聴く夜半や手内職
fuki no ha ni ame kiku yahan ya te-naishoku

listening to the rain
on the butterbur leaves -
doing a little side business

Komine Ooba 小峰大羽 Komine Oba

. WKD : fuki 蕗 butterbur - Petasites japonica .



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. Japanese Architecture - cultural keywords used in haiku .

. - Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .


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ISSA Sarumaru

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
Sarugakucho, see below
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. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .


Sarumaru Daiyu 猿丸大夫


Sarumaru Dayū

a waka poet in the early Heian period. He is a member of the Thirty Six Poetic Sages (三十六歌仙, sanjūrokkasen), but there are no detailed histories or legends about him. There is a possibility that there never was such a person. Some believe him to have been Prince Yamashiro no Ōe.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Fukushima 福島県 Legend from Tabitomura 田人村

Once Sarumaru Daiyu was hunting a white deer and came down all the way to Nikko. The Huge Mukade 大ムカデ from Nikko eats the children of the white deer, this deer mother had called the famous arrow shooter Sarumaru to help.
He put some spittle on his arrow and shot the mukade dead.
Even now if people want to kill a mudake, they use spittle.

. mukade 蜈蚣 むかで millipede, centipede .

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猿丸がきせる加へて梅の花
sarumaru ga kiseru kuwaete ume no hana

Mr. Monkey
long pipe in his mouth
enjoys plum blossoms
Tr. Chris Drake

This hokku is from the second month (March) of 1816, when Issa was living in his hometown. Issa writes the word monkey with the suffix "-maru" (also read "-maro"), a common suffix used in the names of men -- such as the waka poet Hitomaro -- from the ancient period on. In Issa's time it was a standard friendly term for a monkey. Even today, adult Japanese will often speak of a monkey or group of monkeys as saru-san, or "Mr./Ms. Monkey," as if the monkeys were honorary humans, a usage which is both respectful and intimate and neither elevates nor lowers the status of monkeys in relation to humans. The suffix -san is not as consistently used by adults for other non-human animals and continues the usage in Issa's time, when monkeys were addressed as equals in many contexts, as in this hokku. The use of "Mr. Monkey" is different from the use of "-dono," that is, Lord or Sir, which Issa uses in many hokku, since "-dono" is a metaphor based on hierarchical class society and often includes ironic or humorous overtones as well as respect.

In ancient Japanese myth the greatest of the earth gods is named Saruta-hiko, Monkey Field Man, and in traditional Japanese society monkeys were believed to be the messengers of mountain gods and able to move freely back and forth across the border between the invisible divine world and the visible everyday world as well as the border between the animal world and the human world.

One of the Thirty-Six Waka Poet Wizards in ancient Japan was named Sarumaru Dayuu, and his name "Great Priest of the Monkeys" (literally Great Monkey-Man Priest) indicates he was regarded as a powerful shaman or Shinto priest ("Dayuu") who prayed to various monkey gods. Nothing certain is known about him, and scholars believe his few remaining waka poems may have been written by a line of wandering priests or shamans using the same title, a title which indicates that "monkey-man" was a term of high respect in ancient Japan.
Later, in medieval Japan, a kind of shamanic drama known as Sarugaku, or "Monkey Music," developed into No drama.

In Issa's age, monkeys were sometimes the butt of jokes, but they were also regarded as intelligent and semi-divine, depending on the situation. In Issa's hokku, the monkey seems to be either a dancing monkey who travels with a trainer and gives roadside performances or a monkey living near a shrine at which monkeys are worshiped, since he seems to be familiar with humans and with a pipe someone has loaned him. The pipe has a long bamboo stem with a metal mouthpiece and bowl, and the monkey seems to know what to do with it, since he holds it properly in his mouth between his teeth.

Issa doesn't say whether the pipe is lit, but it might be, since in Issa's day many people liked to drink and celebrate as they viewed the plum blossoms, which were regarded as second only to cherry blossoms in terms of beauty. Perhaps the monkey is resting after a performance or a festival, and the trainer is thanking him by giving him a few puffs, or perhaps by now the monkey has his own pipe. There might be a submerged image here of the long pipe as an object suggesting nearly verbal yet still nonverbal communication between monkeys and humans, with the pipe extending like semi-words from the monkey's mouth.



This shows the kind of pipe the monkey has in his mouth.

Chris Drake

. WKD : kiseru 煙管 long pipes .

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

Sarugakuchoo 猿楽町 Sarugaku Cho, Sarugaku district / 神田猿楽町
東京都千代田区 Chiyoda district, 神田猿楽町一丁目 - 二丁目 Kanda Sarugakucho, first and second sub-district
. Kanda 神田 Kanda district, Chiyoda ward .

The name refers to the performer clan of
Kanze Dayuu 観世大夫 Kanze Dayu, who had his residence in this area. He moved here in 1659, after the construction of waterways along the river Kandagawa claimed his former residence.
Saru 猿 was called ETE エテ by the normal people, and the district was also called
etegaku choo エテガク丁 Etegaku cho.
sarugaku is an old form of the Noh theater.
In the Edo period, there were many residences of the Samurai, along the road 錦華通り Nishikihanadori, 表猿楽丁 Omote Sarugakucho and 裏猿楽丁 Ura Sarugakcho.

In the Edo period, there used to be many theaters to perform Sarugaki Noh.

Sarugaku 猿楽 "Monkey music
The Imakumano Shrine has close linkes to the earliest form of Noh called Sarugaku (猿楽). The sarugaku Noh troupe Yuzaki, led by Kan’ami, performed in 1374 before the young shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu (足利 義満). The success of this one performance and the resultant Shogunal patronage lifted the art form permanently out of the mists of its plebeian past.
The Birth Place of Noh:

. Imakumano Jinja 新熊野神社 Imakumano Shrine .
Kyoto



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There is another one in
東京都渋谷区 Shibuya ward.

There used to be a kofun 古墳 mound called 猿楽塚 Sarugakuzuka.
From the mound there was a wide view over the area, it was also called 斥候（ものみ）塚 / 我苦塚 Monomizuka.
29-9 猿楽町 渋谷区
There used to be two mounds and the 鎌倉街道 Kamakura Kaido highway run right between them.


Sarugakukodaijukyoato 猿楽古代住居跡公園 Sarugaku kodai jukyo ato - Park

- quote -
Monkeying around in Sarugakucho
Sarugakucho — which loosely translates as “monkey fun town” — is a hot spot near Daikanyama Station in Shibuya, Tokyo.
As a place to hang out, this area sets the bar pretty high: Its backstreets are a zoo of uber-cute boutiques offering exclusive jeans, aromatic drip coffee made with gourmet beans, wee French restaurants and a smattering of traditional goods such as indigo-dyed clothing and souvenir tenugui (cotton towels). It’s all great fun, but please note: the area has been so over-blogged (without permission, or precision, apparently) that many shop owners have posted “No photos” notices in their windows — so ask before you shoot, and don’t make a monkey of yourself.
... Kyu Yamate-dori, the main avenue through southwest Sarugakucho. Located here is the Tokyo campus of world-famous cooking school, Le Cordon Bleu, which has a cafe, and which puts fin to la resistance.
... Kyu Asakura-Ke Jutaku (the former home of the 朝倉家 Asakura family).
Peeking in the front gate, I can instantly tell the ¥100 entrance fee is going to be coin well spent. Chatting with the attendant, I learn that Sarugakucho was once the location of two burial mounds from sixth or seventh century, and that throughout the Edo Period (1603-1868) the Kamakura Kaido (highway from Edo —modern-day Tokyo — to Kamakura) ran between the two mounds. The Asakura family leveled one of the mounds to build their estate.
The residence of Torajiro Asakura (1871-1944), the former chairman of the Tokyo Prefectural Assembly and Shibuya Ward Office, is perched majestically on the area’s natural hillside. Designated an Important Cultural Property overseen by the Shibuya Ward Office, the estate’s impressive roof tiles are topped by the Asakura family mon (crest) of a flowering quince. A nod to foreign influences — often the hallmark of Taisho Era (1912-26) design — is evident in the delicate glass windows on one side.
- source : Kit Nagamura 2015 -


. Shibuya ku 渋谷区 Shibuya ward .


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. WKD : Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 - Introduction .


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- #sarugaku #sarugakucho -
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senryu in Edo

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senryuu, senryū 川柳　Senryu in Edo

Senryū is named after Edo period haikai poet Senryū Karai (柄井川柳, 1718-1790),
whose collection Haifū yanagidaru (誹風柳多留) launched the genre into the public consciousness.

The main introduction to the formal poetry of Edo is here :
. WKD : Haiku, Senryu, Zappai (俳句, 川柳, 雑俳) .

Senryu were anonymous and thus a kind of "twitter" of our modern times.
They are closely related to the manners, customs and people of the town and therefore best understood with the cultural background of the time they appeared.

- Introduction -
. Light Verse from the Floating World: An Anthology of Premodern Japanese Senryu
Makoto Ueda .



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. Senryu about Doing Business in Edo .

. Senryu about the Food Vendors in Edo .

. Senryu about chin shoobai 珍商売 special business in Edo .

. Senryu about Repairmen in Edo .

. Senryu about Yoshiwara　吉原　pleasure quarters in Edo .


. - - - senryu - latest additions - - - .


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川柳 - Sexy Senryu - 破礼句（はれく） hareku



source :　www.mikipress.com/books

Edo no Hareku 江戸破礼句・梅の寶匣（たからばこ）- by 蕣露庵主人
Eros Senryu

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Senryu: Japanese satirical verses - Reginald Horace Blyth


under construction
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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -



source :　myoanshakuhachi.blogspot.jp


. Shakuhachi, 尺八　the Bamboo Flute .

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- - - - - SENRYU ABC list - - - - -

. amayadori 雨宿り taking shelter from the rain .
- and niwaka ame 俄雨 sudden rain shower

. fudeya　筆屋 brush maker .

. haikai 灰買い buying ashes .

. hariko 張子 /　張り子 papermachee dolls .

. hayaokeya, hayaoke ya 早桶屋 "fast coffin maker", undertaker .

. inniku 印肉 stamp pads .

. kago 籠 / 篭 / かご　basket, baskets of all kinds .
..... mikankago, mikan kago みかん籠 / 蜜柑籠 "basket for tangerines"
- synonym for an abandoned child

. kamikuzu 紙屑 waste paper, old paper .

. katana 日本刀 the Japanese sword .
- - bushi no tamashi 武士の魂 The "Soul of a Samurai"

. katsuo 鰹 bonito, skipjack tuna .

. keisan, bunchin 文鎮 paperweight . 　

. kojiki shibai 乞食芝居 beggar's performance, beggar's play .

. momijigari 紅葉狩り viewing the red leaves .

. shimogoe tori　下肥取り collector of human manure, night soil collector .
- - koebishaku, koe-bishaku 肥柄杓 ladle for urin or night soil

. shichiya 質屋 pawn shop .

. shoobengumi　小便組　Shobengumi, "the urine gang"　prostitutes .

. sore made wa tada no tera nari sengakuji .
temple Sengaku-Ji 泉岳寺 and the 48 Ronin

. Sumo wrestling 相撲 / 角力 and rikishi 力士 wrestlers .

. Tanuma Okitsugu 田沼意次 (1719 - 1788) .
senryu about bribes of his time

. tenpura てんぷら . 天婦羅 . 天麩羅 . 天ぷら Tenpura, Tempura .

. uchiwa 団扇 handfan, hand fan .


to be updated
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- - - -- Senryu about famous places

. Sado-koku 佐渡国 Sado Province .


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川柳江戸歳時記 - Senryu Saijiki - 花咲 一男


- - - - - The Four Seasons in Edo - Senryu

. The First Lunar Month　一月 ichigatsu - 睦月 mutsuki - in Edo .

. The Second Lunar Month　二月 nigatsu - 如月 kisaragi - in Edo .

. The Third Lunar Month　三月 sangatsu - 弥生 yayoi - in Edo .

. The Fourth Lunar Month　四月 shigatsu - 卯月 uzuki - - in Edo .

. The Fifth Lunar Month　五月 gogatsu - 皐月　satsuki - .

. The Sixth Lunar Month 六月　rokugatsu 水無月　minazuki - .

. The Seventh Lunar Month　七月 shichigatsu - 水無月 minazuki - .

. The Eighth Lunar Month　八月 hachigatsu - 葉月 hazuki - .

. The Ninth Lunar Month　九月 kugatsu - 長月　nagatsuki - .

. The Tenth Lunar Month　十月 juugatsu - 神無月 kannazuki - .

. The Eleventh Lunar Month　十一月 juuichigatsu - 霜月 shimotsuki - .

. The Twelfth Lunar Month　十二月 juunigatsu - 師走 shiwasu - .

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江戸サラリーマン川柳 Senryu of salaried workers in Edo / 三谷茉沙夫



Senryu zappai Edo shomin no sekai by Katsutada Suzuki


Tanbo Edo senryu by Kaname Okitsu
Edo no onnatachi no yuami: Senryu ni miru mokuyoku bunka by Shinichiro Watanabeb 


Senryu Edo meibutsu zue 川柳江戸名物図会


Search for a senryu keyword - 江戸川柳　目次　- and list !!!
- source : haikusenryu.yomibitoshirazu.com


江戸の川柳 - with explanations
- source : homepage3.nifty.com/~sirakawa

Edo Senryu o tanoshimu - about some special topics, with explanation !!!
- source : houyukai.life.coocan.jp/samenu-senryu

風流江戸川柳 - with explanations
- source : www.geocities.jp/kinomemocho

alphabetical index, some explanations
- source : chukonen.com/oboegaki/edo

- further reference -


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. - Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .


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Food vendors

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. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .
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Food vendors in Edo

Since many men lived alone in Edo, food vendors had a good clientel. Fast food was also "invented" in Edo.
The vendors would come in the morning and evening to call out their merchandise, thus being some kind of "clock" for the people to know the time and adjust their living to it.

- - - - - This is part of the main entry about
. Doing Business in Edo　- 江戸の商売 .  

. WASHOKU - 100 Favorite Dishes of Edo - 江戸料理百選 .


www.unizon.co.jp



. Toshimaya 豊島屋 first Izakaya in Edo (1596) .

. Edo Yatai 江戸屋台 Food stalls in Edo .
The most famous three ones were for Sushi, Tenpura and Soba buckwheat noodles.

. yaozen 八百善 Yaozen restaurant .
八百屋善四郎　Yaoya Zenshiro
江戸流行料理通 Edo Ryuko Ryori-Tsu　- - Book by Zenshiro


. Nihonbashi Uogashi 日本橋魚河岸　Fish Market in Edo .

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Oedo Tabemono Saijiki 大江戸食べもの歳時記 Food Saijiki
永山久夫 Nagayama Hisao

井戸端で見せびらかして刺身をし
あじのすうこはだのすうと賑やかさ
けちな鮨こはだの皮を飯にはり
べらぼうな鮓売ほんの鯛をつけ
あくる朝女房はくだを巻きもどし
- source : www.kumanichi-jb.co.jp

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浮世絵に見る 江戸の食卓 Food of Edo seen in Ukiyo-E prints
林 綾野 Hayashi Ayano
- source : artsfield.jp/lecture -

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akaiwashi uri 赤鰯売り selling "red iwashi sardines"



aka-iwashi 赤鰯 are dried, salted pickled sardines. They were best sold during the time of Setsubun rituals in Spring.
aka-iwashi was also another name for a rusty sword.



. hiiragi uri 柊売 selling holly branches .
Holly and Sardine Head (hiiragi iwashi 柊鰯)
You pierce the head and eat the sardine !
The holly branch with the fish head is placed outside of the front door to ward off evil influence and keep you healthy. The demons do not like the smell of this fish and keep off. Demons also fear the sharp needles of the holly pierce their eyes, so both together are a powerful talisman. This custom is more common in the Kansai area.

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. amazake uri　甘酒売り selling sweet rice wine .
"over night drink", hitoyazake 一夜酒（ひとよざけ）- sold in summer

. ame-uri, ameuri 飴売り candy vendors of Edo.
ameya, ame-ya　飴屋 sweets and candy maker and vendor

. aomono uri 青物売り vegetable vendor - Edo yasai 江戸伝統野菜 .
- - - - - yasai uri 野菜売り vegetable vendor

. botefuri ぼてふり selling ice water .

. hatsugatsuo uri 初鰹売り　selling first Katsuo bonito .

. hiyamizu uri　冷や水売り　selling cold drinking water .
mizu-uri 水売 (みずうり) vendor of water / koori uri 氷売 (こおりうり) vendor of ice blocks
shiratama uri 白玉売 vendor of Shiratama sweets
- - - - - . 志ら玉 Shiratama sweets in Edo - ukiyo-e .


. Izakaya in Edo 江戸の居酒屋 drinking Sake .

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旅したい!おいしい浮世絵―NHK趣味どきっ! 2016
Traveling in Edo with Ukiyo-E prints and food !

江戸のすし Sushi / 江戸のうなぎ Unagi / 江戸の天ぷら Tempura / 江戸のそば Soba / 江戸のおやつ O-Yatsu snack
東海道名物 Tokaido / 京都の豆腐料理 Kyoto / 上方の清酒 Kamigata/Osaka
- reference : nhk.or.jp/kurashi/doki-tue-

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. momonjiya ももんじ屋 ・百獣屋　
selling meat "from one-hundred wild animals" .
kedamonoya　獣屋 dealers in wild animals
yamaokuya 山奥屋　dealers with stuff from the far-away mountains
kusuriguiho　薬食舗　restaurant serving "medicine" meat

麹町狐を馬に乗せてくる
koojimachi kitsune o uma ni nosete kuru

Kojimachi town -
a fox comes riding
on a horse

. Kōjimachi 麹町 / 麴町 Kojimachi district in Edo .
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. monjiyakiya 　文字焼き屋 selling "monjiyaki" .
mojiyaki　文字焼き　"frying letters".
This is the fore-runner of okonomiyaki お好み焼き.

杓子程筆では書けぬ文字焼屋
shamoji hodo fude de wa kakenu mojiyakiya

with a spatula
he writes better than with a pen -
the "fried letters" chef

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. mukimi uri, mukimi-uri　剥き身売り　selling shelled (stripped) clams .
like asari, hamaguri etc. - asari mukin, hamaguri mukin　浅蜊むきん蛤むきん


. nattoo uri　納豆売り natto vendor in Edo .

. niuriya, niuri-ya 煮売屋 / 煮売り屋 / にうりや selling simmered, boiled food .
saiya 菜屋
niurizakaya 煮売り酒屋 selling simmered food and sake
ichizen meshiya 一膳飯屋 quick lunch vendor
ochazuke ya お茶漬け屋 selling o-chazuke
- niuribune　煮売船 / 煮売り船


. satoo uri 砂糖売 selling sugar .
and 砂糖水 selling sugar-water

. senbeiya, senbei-ya せんべい / 煎餅屋 selling Sembei 煎餅 (irimochi) rice crackers .

. shiruko uri 汁粉売り sweet broth with red Azuki beans .
- - - - - zenzai uri 善哉売り (zenzai is another name for this sweet)

. sobaya　蕎麦屋 Soba buckwheat noodle shops and stalls .

. soomen uri 索麺売 selling thin somen noodles .

. sushi-uri, sushiuri 　寿司売り / 鮨売り　sushi vendor .
- - - inarizushi uri 稲荷寿司売り / 稲荷鮨売り vendor of Inarizushi



. takenoko uri たけのこ売り vendor of bamboo shoots .
- - - - - takenoko 江戸の筍 / 竹の子 bamboo shoots in Edo

. tamago uri, tamago-uri　卵売り　玉子売り selling eggs (raw and boiled) .

. tenpuraya, tenpura ya 天麩羅屋 /　てんぷら Tempura stalls .

. tokoroten uri ところてん売り selling Tokoroten jelly .

. toofuya, toofu-ya, tôfu ya 　豆腐屋 / とうふ屋 Tofu makers .
toofu uri 豆腐売り vendor of Tofu, Tofu salesman
toofu, tōfu 豆腐 Tofu, Dofu, bean curd


. uiroo uri 外郎売り selling Uiro sweets and 透頂香 medicine .

. unagiya　うなぎ屋 eel restaurant .
unagi no kabayaki 鰻の蒲焼き skewered grilled eel

. wasabi uri　山葵売り vendors of Japanese horseradish .



source :　www.library.metro.tokyo.jp/portals


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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

売飯に夕木がらしのかかりけり
urimeshi ni yuu-kogarashi no kakari keri

on the food for sale
the winter wind blows
this evening

. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .


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杓子程筆では書けぬ文字焼屋
shamoji hodo fude de wa kakenu mojiyakiya

with a spatula
he writes better than with a pen -
the "fried letters" chef

. monjiyakiya 　文字焼き屋 selling "monjiyaki" in Edo .

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- - - - - Further reading

Edo no gaishoku bunka 江戸の外食文化

- source : park11.wakwak.com/~kitai/Kitai_Shoyu


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. - Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. Japanese Architecture - cultural keywords used in haiku .


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chin shoobai business

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chin shoobai 珍商売 strange business in Edo

This is part of the main entry about
. Doing Business in Edo　- 江戸の商売 .

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awamochi no kyokutsuki　栗餅の曲つき artistic pounding of foxtail milled dumplings

The artists pounded millet dough for mochi in rhythmical tunes to entertain people during the seasonal festivals. They also used artistic movements of their arms when tearing the mochi dough into bitesize pieces of dumplings to sell.




. awamochi 粟餅（あわもち）foxtail millet mochi dumplings .

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chinko kiri　賃粉切り　cutting leaf tobacco for money



He used a carpenter's kanna 鉋 plain to do his job.
Others just owned a block and a good knife. It was hard labor with pain in the legs and arms from working in a straining position. Sometimes they took a brake, taking a puff themselves. But they had to be careful with open fire with all the tobacco shavings around. Therefore they always had a small tub full of water by the side too, where the rest of the tobacco from the pipe was thrown in. This made a sound like "juu juu".
The water from the tub was also used when sharpening the blade.



ふきがらをじうといわせる賃粉切り
fukigara o juu to iwaseru chinko kiri

the tobacco cutter
lets his pipe leftovers say
"juu juu"


It was a job for poor people living in the smallest and cheapest of the nagaya row houses, working for a tobacco dealer. Some of them were ronin without a master or other job.
Some of them were women, even beautiful ladies who were mistaken for prostitutes, as one story of Ihara Saikaku tells.


. kiseru 煙管 tobacco pipes from Edo .
and rauya, raoya　羅宇屋　repairman of tobacco pipes


. Ihara Saikaku, Ibara Saikaku 井原西鶴 (1624 - 1693).

. nagaya 長屋　ながや row house, long house .

chinko ちんこ /陰茎 is also a children's naming for the male sexual organ.
Therefore chinko kiri 陰茎切り sounded dangerous to children.

ちんこ切りなら怖いよと頑是なさ
chinko kiri nara kowai yo to ganze nasa

cutting chinko -
oh, that sounds dangerous
to an innocent child


きん玉の休む隙無き賃粉切り

煙草屋の娘ちんこが取りたがり

烟草やの娘ちんこを入たがり

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. heoi bikuni, he-oi bikuni 屁負比く尼 / 屁負比丘尼 fart-pretending nuns .


. kashi setchin　貸雪隠 portable toilet for rent - kawaya 厠　.


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Edo-neko Ukiyoe Nekotzukushi- (Collected Woodblock Prints of Cats in Edo)
Shinichi Inagaki and Toshihiko Isao



This is the first book in Japan to exclusively collect ‘ukiyoe’ (woodblock print) images of cats.
The volume features carefully selected works by the most notable wood block print artists of the Edo Period, including Hiroshige Utagawa, Kyosai Kawanabe, Kuniyoshi Utagawa and Harunobu Suzuki. An astoundingly wide variety of felines can be seen in the works, such as humorously adorable dancing cats, frightening ghost-like cats, cats playing with beautiful women and cats at work as if they are humans. Whether it’s the Edo Period (1603-1868) or today, cats never seem to lose their free-spirited character. That said, this volume helps us learn more about life in the Edo period.
- source : ilove.cat/en -

Cats were a favorit pet in the town of Edo and also loved by the farmers, because it was chasing away the mice.

. Cats and Haiku - Introduction .

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neko no ekaki　猫の絵描き　painter of cats



They painted cats on pictures to hang up in the kitchen or loft where silk worms were kept to chase away the mice.
Raising silk worms was a good business in the Edo period, and mice were the worst enemy of the farmers.



The paintings had to be done very carefully, to have the cat watch
the "eight directions" 八方にらみの猫 (happo nirami no neko).

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neko no nomi-tori 猫の蚤（ノミ）取り picking fleas from cats

They walked the streets of Edo, calling out
neko no nomi toran 猫の蚤取らん "Any fleas to pick from your cat?"

When called to a home, they first put the cat in a warm bath and then wrapped the cat in the fur of a "wild animal"　獣　, most probably a wolf. The fleas then moved from the wet fur to the dry fur . . . and the job was done. The price was 3 mon 三文 (about 30 Yen), which was quite cheap.
But they were only called by rich people wh loved their cats very much and many quit this job soon.


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. "oya kookoo de gozai" 親孝行でござい selling filial piety .

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sokuriki　足力　"strong legs" massage
sokuriki anma 足力按摩 / 足力あんま massage with the feet

A kind of massage with the feet, by stepping on the back and kicking the patient.
They used long sticks to support themselves (shumokuzue　撞木杖　crutch)).
Some of them also applied moxabustion (kyuu 灸).



One famous "sokuriki" was Takuetsu　宅悦 in a Kabuki play.

Anma was popularised in the seventeenth century by acupuncturist Sugiyama Waichi, and around the same time the first books on the subject, including Fujibayashi Ryohaku's Anma Tebiki ("Manual of Anma"), appeared.
Anma practices uses common massage techniques such as kneading, rubbing, tapping and shaking.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. Sugiyama Waichi 杉山和一 (1614–1694) .
"Father of Japanese Acupuncture". Blind doctor of Shogun Tsunayoshi.


. zatoboo, zato boo 座頭坊 blind priest, doing massage .
anma 按摩 Amma massage

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sunae, suna-e 砂絵 painting with sand

A kind of street performance with pure white and colored sand, making effects almost like an ink paintings or woodblock prints.
Before they begun the work, they had to clean the road and water it for a while, before applying the sand.
It was quite popular in Edo, Kyoto and Osaka.



This art developed from bonga　盆画 paintings with sand on a tray.
. Bonsai 盆栽　small potted plants and tray art .



There is a novel about Edo with this title.
ときめき砂絵 いなずま砂絵 - なめくじ長屋捕物さわぎ
Tsuzuki Michio 都筑道夫 (1929 - 2003) Mystery Writer

which incorporates a lot of the customs of Edo in a criminal investigation.




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. yomiuri 読売、lit. "to read and sell" .
kawaraban　瓦版 Edo newspaper, handbill, broadside

This is still the name of a newspaper in our time.



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. Doing Business in Edo　- 江戸の商売 .

. daidoogei 大道芸 Daidogei street performance .


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street performers

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daidoogei 大道芸 Daidogei street performance
kyokugei 曲芸 stunt artists, acrobatics
yose engei 寄席演芸 vaudeville theater, variety theater
kado geinin　門芸人　performers at the gate (of each estate)


This is part of the main entry about
. Doing Business in Edo　- 江戸の商売 .


. chin shoobai 珍商売 strange business in Edo .
- - - - - including
awamochi no kyokutsuki　栗餅の曲つき artistic pounding of foxtail milled dumplings
sunae, suna-e 砂絵 painting with sand - and more


Street performers were quite popular in an age without television . . .
Especially during the holiday season of the New Year they entertained the townspeople.


CLICK for more illustrations.


. choroken ちよろけん / ちょろけん　 Choroken .
street performance custom 長老舞　in Kyoto and Osaka.

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source :　log.goo.ne.jp/htshumei

居合抜きの長井兵助　
樽の曲ざし　/ 青蛙房　/ 芝居、新狂言 / 鎌倉節の飴売り / 乞食芝居 / 栗餅の曲つき　

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. daikagura, dai kagura 太神楽 / 大神楽 great Kagura dance .
Edo Daikagura - dance and street performance performance for the New Year


. dengaku mai 田楽舞 Dengaku dance and performance .
Performers on sticks, with poles and wooden swords

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hariki 歯力 (はりき）lifting heavy things with the teeth
kuchichikara　（kooriki) 口力 "strong mouth"


- source : 江戸は大道芸 -




歯力鬼右衛門の見世物 Oni Uemon with the strong teeth
this photo shows what he could do, in the form of a sugoroku game with 11 fields.
Oni Uemon was born in Kishu Wakayama 紀州和歌山 and soon became a favorite of the street performers in Edo.
He could also break a pottery plate by just biting into it. He could dance while keeping a barrel with two children in his mouth and many other feats to entertain the viewers.
- source : misemono nenpyo -
- blog.livedoor.jp/misemono ... -

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hitorishibai, hitori shibai　一人芝居 one-man theater
often with the left and right side of the body with different make-up and costumes, so one person could play two roles.



Also called
kojiki shibai 乞食芝居 beggar's performance, beggar's play


source :　blog.goo.ne.jp/aboo-kai

ひとりふた役乞食芝居や花の下
hitori futayaku kojiki shibai ya hana no shita

one playing two roles
in a poor man's performance -
under the cherry blossoms




. kojiki 乞食 beggar .

- - - - - - and one meaning related to the many fires of Edo
- quote -
Hitsuke tōzoku aratame was a position introduced by the shogunate to target the felonies of arson, theft, and gambling.
... Contrary to the machi-bugyō, who were civil officials, hitsuke tōzoku aratame were military officials. Therefore, their interrogation strategies tended to be violent. While they had the power to arrest suspected arsonists, there was no penalty for mistaken arrests. For this reason, they often tortured the arrested suspects to force confessions, leading to a great number of false charges.
This left a notorious image on the chōnin, who nicknamed them "kojiki shibai" (乞食芝居, lowly theaters) while comparing the machi-bugyō and kanjō-bugyō (勘定奉行, financial commissioner) to "ōshibai" (大芝居, grand theaters).
- source : wikipedia - Fires in Edo -

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. hitorizumoo 　一人相撲 / 一人角力 Hitori Sumo - one-man wrestling .

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hyakumanako, hyaku manako 百眼 "one hundred eyes"
using various simple paper masks (mekazura　目鬘) to represent different emotions in a funny performance.

They were also called shichihenme　七変目　"seven different eyes" (a pun with shichihenge) or nanatsume　七つ目 "seven eyes" and also often performed indoors to entertain visitors.
A favorite was the performance of cleaning teeth, hyakumanako hamigaki　百眼歯磨き.




Playing with mekazura　目鬘 "eye wigs" was also enjoyed by others.


CLICK for more photos !

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iainuki, iai nuki　居合い抜き sword performance
torite　捕手　/ hamahoo　浜法　

Exercises with the samurai sword have become showpieces at the roadside.
Some used to sell medicine on the side.



battoojutsu 抜刀術 "the craft of drawing out the sword"
an old term for iaijutsu 居合術.
Iaijutsu (居合術), a combative quick-draw sword technique. This art of drawing the Japanese sword, katana, is one of the Japanese koryū martial art disciplines in the education of the classical warrior (bushi).
- source : wikipedia -


source :　htshumei
居合抜きの長井兵助 by 菊池貴一郎著


. selling gamaabura がま油 toad grease .
while performing sword tricks

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kago nuke, kagonuke　籠抜け / 篭抜け　crawling through a narrow bamboo basket　
while another sticks a sword into the basket



"Since a horse cannot perform such a nimble trick, "horse's basket trick" uma no kagonuke 馬の籠抜け became a proverb for doing something thought to be impossible. The word kagonuke is also used to describe the act of entering through one door and escaping through another."

quote from google books : Haruo Shirane
Early Modern Japanese Literature: An Anthology, 1600-1900

umanori kozoo no kago nuke 'The horse-riding monk's escape from the basket'

Kagonuke no Yatsushi
Kabuki role in the drama "Tanba Yosaku Tazuma Obi".

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koogushi, yashi 香具師 performer, yashi 野師、野士、弥四、矢師
yashi 薬師 vendor of medicine by the roadside
some also treated teeth and illness of the mouth at their shop by the roadside
tsuji isha 辻医者 doctor by the roadside
others made and sold、薬や香具 medicine or incense.
also called
tekiya 的屋（てきや)
or sanzun 三寸（さんずん）
In records of the year 1735 there is a mention of 13 Kogushi.
yashi 野士 was maybe short for 野武士
The YA was formerly written as 奴 yakko.
or
加具士→加具師→香具師
or
maybe the first vendor of medicine by the roadside was a person called
Yashiro　弥四郎　turned Yashi.



- - - More in the Japanese WIKIPEDIA !

. isha 医者, ishi 医師 doctors in Edo .

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. kyokugoma 曲独楽　acrobatics with spinning tops (koma) .
the famous 松井源水　Matsui Gensui family


. kyokuhe 曲屁　"acrobatic farting" , performance like music .
With all the vegetable food and sweet potatoes, farting was very common in Edo.

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. makuragaeshi 枕返し juggling with pillows, pillow turner .


. Manzai 漫才. 万歳 / Banzai 萬歳 .
三河万歳 Mikawa Manzai, Yamato Manzai大和万歳, Oowari Manzai 尾張万歳
street performers for the New Year


misemono 見世物 showing strange things


- source : shungirl.com/diary-shunga-misemono1... -

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. Nanjing Tamasudare たますだれ (玉簾／珠簾) .
performance with bamboo sticks

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nazotoki　謎解き/ nazokake なぞかけ making riddles
「○○とかけて××と解く。その心は」

"I call it ooo and explain it as xxx. The reason is this yyy!"
This kind of riddle story is still popular on present-day TV.


nazotoki boozu 謎解き坊主春雪の見世物 was quite popular around 1815.
謎坊主春雪 Nazotoki Bozu Shunsetsu. He worked at a mountain in the back of Asakusa Kannon in Edo.

カケル大食傷トクしろほうきみごぼうき心は立てはき居てはく
カケルはげあたまトクおとし味そ心はすらずとよい


source :　misemono/archives

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o-chiyobune, ochiyobune　お千代舟 O-Chio Boat
performed by beggars to get some money.

O-Chio was a general name for the woman who had to work as prostitutes on a boat owned by their husband.

. funamanjuu 船饅頭　"sweet buns on a boat" .

The street performers imitated this business boat and made people laugh by doing some rhythmical swinging.


source :　絵で見る江戸のユーモア

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. sekizoro　節季候 Year End Singers .
December Singers, Twelfth Month Singers

..... female singers, old ladies, ubara 姥等　うばら
..... hitting the breasts, mune tataki 胸敲　むねたたき

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taiheiki yomi　太平記読み reading the Taiheiki story
reciting the Taiheiki Saga
The origin of koza story telling.
koodan 講談 　kooza　講座　kooshaku 講釈


source :　supernil.web.fc2.com/rekisiga

"oral commentary on the Record of Great Peace"
Rethinking East Asian Languages, Vernaculars, and Literacies, 1000–1919
- - - - - Read more
- source : books.google.co.jp -


The Taiheiki (太平記)
is a Japanese historical epic written in the late 14th century.
It deals primarily with the Nanboku-chō, the period of war between the Northern Court of Ashikaga Takauji in Kyoto, and the Southern Court of Emperor Go-Daigo in Yoshino.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

Kōdan (講談, formerly known as kōshaku (講釈)),
is a style of traditional oral Japanese storytelling. The form evolved out of lectures on historical or literary topics given to high-ranking nobles of the Heian period, changing over the centuries to be adopted by the general samurai class and eventually by commoners, and eventually, by the end of the Edo period, declining in favor of new types of entertainment and storytelling such as naniwa-bushi. It was at this time that the term kōshaku was abandoned and kōdan adopted.
Today, after a failed attempt to revive the art in 1974, there are four schools of kōdan and only a very few performers between them.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


. Ooshima Hakkaku, Ōshima 大島伯鶴 Oshima Hakkaku .
Koshaku story teller family in Edo / Tokyo.

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. tori oi, torioi, tori-oi 鳥追 / 鳥追い chasing away the birds ritual .
A ceremony held on the "Small New Year", now January 14 or 15.

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. yaku harai, yakuharai　厄払い / 厄はらい　exorcism, driving out bad luck .
- during the Setsubun rituals at the beginning of spring

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Acrobats (Handscroll)

source : Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

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- reference -
江戸浅草奥山 - - source : misemono nenpyo -

畸人（きじん） 不具者を見世物 strange people / 珍畸鳥獣 strange beasts
- source : kappa/watashi -

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

大道芸炎天に置く銭の箱
daidoogei enten ni oku zeni no hako

these street performers -
under the blazing sky
a box for donations
Tr. Gabi Greve

Kashiwara Min-U 柏原眠雨

. WKD : enten 炎天 blazing sky .

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大道芸なべて陽炎ふ自由席 高澤良一
大道芸にどつと声湧く半夏生 守谷順子
大道芸の鞄開けば小鳥来る 一 民江
に置く銭の箱 柏原眠雨
大道芸祭囃すやオッペケペー 高澤良一 素抱
大道芸蒸す日を火噴き男かな 高澤良一 寒暑

もみづる樹下大道芸の下準備 高澤良一 素抱
冬帽子大道芸の銭集む 山口超心鬼
冬眠す大道芸の帽子中 対馬康子 吾亦紅

小樽初夏大道芸も運河べり 小倉英男
島寺に大道芸やさくら満つ 中戸川朝人 星辰
永日の掏摸も輪中に大道芸 高澤良一 寒暑
沙翁忌の大道芸の紙吹雪 永澤 謙
父の日に大道芸の傘ひらく 角谷憲武
野毛山下春ともなれば大道芸 高澤良一 寒暑

- source : HAIKUreikuDB

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. Japanese Architecture - cultural keywords used in haiku .

. - Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .


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