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chigaidana, chigai-dana 違い棚 staggered shelves
. . Interior Design - The Japanese Home . .
- Introduction -
. tokonoma 床の間 alcove for decorations .
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Katsura-dana, Katsuradana 桂棚 at Katsura Rikyu
One of the three most famous chigaidana 天下の三棚.
The other two are
Daigo-dana 醍醐棚 at Daigo-Ji 醍醐寺
and
Kasumi-dana 霞棚 at Shugaku-In 修学院離宮
- source : shyougaiitisekkeisi2581
Daigo-dana, Daigodana 醍醐棚 at 奥宸殿
- source : Daigo-Ji
Kasumi-dana, Kasumidana 霞棚 at Shugaku-In 修学院離宮
"Shelf of Mist"
. . . the design of the shelves resembles mist floating.
- source : www.bokashiya.com
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- quote - JAANUS
Staggered shelves; considered part of the *shoin 書院 style decoration.
One of the room ornaments which became established together with the decorative alcove *tokonoma 床の間 and attached desk *oshi-ita 押板 at the end of the Muromachi period, in the formal reception room *zashiki 座敷. Usually located at the side of the decorative alcove.
Two shelf boards are fixed at different levels, a small pillar *ebizuka 海老束 is inserted between them, and small edge-strips *fudegaeshi 筆返し, are attached at the edge of the top shelf.
Old Yamamoto 山本 house (Nagasaki)
A doored shelf is provided at the top or below the shelf boards, or both. Upper doored shelves are called tenbukuro 天袋 (see *fukurodana 袋棚) and lower ones *jibukuro 地袋. Shelves in dwellings were originally practical, used to store personal belongings close at hand.
In the Muromachi period, ornamental shelves began to be developed at Ashikaga Yoshimasa's 足利義政 (1436-90) mansions, Ogawagosho 小川御所 and Higashiyamadono 東山殿. The Muromachi period text OKAZARIKI 御飾記, describes room ornaments in those two mansions, with drawings of shelves together with oshi-ita, and descriptions of the methods of making shelves and ways of decorating. The chigaidana in the meeting room of Higashigoten 東御殿, Ogawagosho, for example, was constructed at right angles to the oshi-ita, one bay wide (just under 2m), with upper and lower doored shelves, and there were two layers of staggered shelves (an arrangement called *shikiri chigaidana 仕切違い棚). On the top shelf was an incense burner, a tea container on a small tray, a small bowl on a tray, and on the bottom shelf were implements associated with the presentation of kaiseki 懐石 food (refined Kyoto cuisine).
These were typical of items displayed on chigaidana, which also included inkstone *suzuri 硯 boxes and writing paper, books, and tea ceremony implements like teabowls *chawan 茶碗, and bamboo tea whisks. Around this time many art objects were imported from China, so chigaidana had an important function in displaying these.
The oldest extant example of chigaidana can be seen in *Tougudou 東求堂 (Togu-Do) at Jishouji 慈照寺 (jisho-Ji) (1485), Kyoto. The chigaidana, half a bay wide, is built alongside the attached desk in a 4 1/2 mat room called Douninsai 同仁斎 (Doninsai). This set of shelves has a bottom board ji-ita 地板 with a jibukuro on top of it, a staggered shelf in the middle and one shelf board on top.
After the Momoyama period, shelves were usually constructed alongside the alcove, and there were many variations in the shape of the shelf boards. Tenbukuro and jibukuro were sometimes included.
Shelves at Katsura Rikyuu 桂離宮 (17c), and Shugakuin Rikyuu 修学院離宮 (1659), both in Kyoto, for example, have complicated structures and are constructed with great technical skill.
- source : JAANUS
ebizuka 海老束
Also written 蝦束; also hinazuka 雛束.
A small strut with chamfered corners used between two staggered shelves *chigaidana 違い棚. The two ends of the strut are cut into dovetail tenons *arihozo 蟻ほぞ and inserted into mortises arihozoana 蟻ほぞ穴 cut into the underside of the upper shelf and the top side of the lower shelf. The width of the strut is about equal to 4/10 the width of the alcove post.
fudegaeshi 筆返し
A curved wooden border attached to the end of a desk or shelf to prevent brushes and scrolls from rolling off. It is also decorative and is found on staggered shelves *chigaidana 違い棚, short writing desks fuzukue 文机 and sutra stands kyoudai 経台.
The tip of the fudegaeshi is called tomari とまり, the main body is called fudegaeshi, the lower convex curve is called hatomune 鳩胸 (pigeon breast). The width of the table or shelf extending beyond the attached border is known as ita-no-de 板の出.
a) fudegaeshi 筆返し b) ebizuka 海老束
Various types of fudegaeshi are distinguished by the shape of their cross-section.
These include: tatsunami 立波 (standing wave); wakaba 若葉 (young leaf); miyakodori 都鳥 (seagull); karaba 唐葉 (Chinese leaf); kaeshinami 返波 (returning wave), and takagashira 鷹頭 (hawks head).
- source : JAANUS
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NHK - Bi no Tsubo NHK 鑑賞マニュアル 美の壺
棚は引き算
棚は、自然のリズムを奏でる
棚は人なり
- source : NHK - Bi no Tsubo
file290 「棚」
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Chigai-dana
It is believed that the chigai-dana (or staggered shelves) evolved from earlier portable shelving systems. This theory is backed up by the continued use of portable-type shelves throughout the Muromachi period outside of the central room. It was in Yoshimasa's time that built-in shelves first appeared.
Furthermore, evidence shows that these were installed in both Yoshimasa's Kokawa palace and his Higashiyama residence. To the left is the Picture Scoll of Kasuga Gongen Miracles from the 14th Century showing the artistic evidence of the built-shelves.
The main purpose of the chigai-dana of this time was to provide a place for the artistic arrangement of books and tea utensils. The function of holding books was a direct influence of Zen monks. During this time there was extensive trade with China and Korea, which resulted in an enormous influx of literary and philosophical texts. Only after these imported texts were tea utensils displayed on these shelves. Typically this included a tea cup, tea caddy, tea whisk, food canister, tea ladle, portable fireplace, feather broom, ember poker, and water bowl.
- source : www.columbia.edu
- English reference -
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Kenninji 建仁寺 Kennin-Ji Kyoto
source : olaf-mama.at.webry
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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -
永き日や何も置かれぬ違ひ棚
nagaki hi ya nani mo okarenu chigaidana
days getting longer -
nothing is placed
on the staggered shelves
Tr. Gabi Greve
Igarashi Bansui 五十嵐播水 (1899-1920)
. WKD : nagaki hi 永き日, hi nagashi 日永し day getting longer .
- - kigo for all spring - -
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鹿啼くやうす埃置く違ひ棚
shika naku ya usubokori oku chigaidana
a deer is calling -
just a little dust
on the staggered shelves
Tr. Gabi Greve
Oomine Akira 大峯あきら Omine Akira
. shika naku 鹿鳴く（しかなく) deer is calling .
- - kigo for all autumn - -
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