. 大道芸 Daidogei street performance .
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makuragaeshi 枕返し juggling with pillows, pillow turner
They used the typical hako makura 箱枕 pillow box, also called kimakura 木枕 wooden pillow.
This act has been popular in China for a long time, but in Japan it became popular in the Edo period, when a juggler from Kyoto made it to Edo to show his skills.
Some could use up to 10 pillow boxes standing on top of each other.
There were different makura for their show:
「四季四つ枕、一つ枕、二つ枕、八ツ橋枕、あや杉枕、勅使の枕、すくい枕、打ち抜き枕、出会い枕、屏風枕、瀧枕」
- source : kyokugoma.blog. -
Pillows in the Edo period where of two types.
-- kukuri makura くくり枕 stuffed pillow, sometimes so long it lasted for two persons
-- hako makura 箱枕 "pillow box" wooden box with a bit of soft cover for the head, it was ment to protect the large coiffures of people.
. makura 枕 pillow .
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Later makuragaeshi （まくらがえし） turned into a yokai monster.
竜斎閑人正澄画『狂歌百物語』より「枕返シ」
日本の妖怪の一つ
- source : wikipedia -
- quote
枕返し pillow flipper - 枕小僧 makura kozō
APPEARANCE:
Makuragaeshi are a kind of zashiki-warashi: a child ghost which haunts specific rooms of a house. They are found all over Japan, though details about them vary from region to region. They take the form of a small child dressed as a Niō, a monk, or a samurai, and appear in bedrooms late at night.
BEHAVIOR:
Makuragaeshi gets it is named for its primary activity: flipping pillows. People who sleep in a room haunted by a makuragaeshi often wake up to find that their pillow has been flipped and is now at their feet. Makuragaeshi are also known for other minor pranks, such as running through ashes and leaving dirty footprints around the rooms they haunt.
While most stories about makuragaeshi present them as harmless pranksters, there are a few stories that describe scarier powers. Some don’t flip the pillow, but lift up and flip people instead. Others pick up entire tatami mats that people are sleeping on and bounce them around. Still others are said to sit on their victim’s chest while he or she sleeps, pressing down hard and squeezing the wind out of the lung. They occasionally cause kanashibari, or sleep paralysis. The most extreme stories say that anyone who sees a makuragaeshi loses consciousness, after which the makuragaeshi steals their soul, leaving them dead.
ORIGIN:
There are as many theories as to where makuragaeshi come from as there are variants of zashiki-warashi. Most often they linked to the ghosts of people — particularly children — who died in the room they come to haunt. As makuragaeshi are generally lower in rank than zashiki-warashi, they are often the result of ghosts which died tragically, such as murder victims. However, some makuragaeshi have also been attributed to shape-shifting, prank-loving yokai such as tanuki or saru.
Others still have attributed this spirit to the actions of monster cats such as kasha.
- source : yokai.com/makuragaeshi
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- - - - - Yokai legends from the prefectures
zashiki warashi 座敷童子 girl spooks in the best room
岩手県を中心に青森、秋田、宮城などに分布する、旧家に棲む一種の妖精（妖怪と精霊の中間か）。地方によってザシキボッコ、クラワラシ、クラボッコ、コメツキワラシ、ウスツキコ、ホソデ、ナガテなどの異名がある。赤顔垂髪の小童で、旧家の奥座敷などにいる。それがいる間、家は繁盛し、いなくなると、衰亡する。その家の座敷に寝ると、ザシキワラシに枕返しされたり、上から押さえられたりすることがあるが、人を害することはない。座敷小僧というのもこれに似ている。愛媛・徳島地方ではほぼ同じものをアカシャグマといった。
............................................................................... Ehime 愛媛県
広田村 Hirotamura
nawamesuji, nawame suji ナワメスジ Nawame road
The small mountain road near the big mountain is called Nawame road, and sometimes even Mashoosuji 魔性筋 Masho, Evil Spirit Road".
If a home is built along this road, the pillow turner shows up regularly. If someone sleeps with his head in one direction, he will find himself facing in the opposite direction the next morning.
............................................................................... Gunma 群馬県
東吾妻町 Higashiagatsuma In Edo is a place called 吾妻町（あづまちょう）
neko 猫 cat
When a human comes to sleep in the house the 化けたネコ bakeneko cat turns the pillow.
If a person had been sleeping with his head to the West, he will find himself now facing East (and vice-versa).
............................................................................... Ibaraki 茨城県
水府村 Suibumura
４・５年前に取り壊した築３００年ほどの母屋の座敷に寝ると枕返しされた。頭を南向きにして寝ていたのが、北向きになっているという。水戸光圀様が泊まったから寝てはいけないということなのかもしれない。
............................................................................... Iwate 岩手県
tanuki 狸 badger，saru 猿 monkey
熊谷という家では、老婆が死んで入棺し奥座敷に置いていたところ、誤って火が出て棺や畳が焼けてしまった。その部分の畳替えをしたが、その上に寝ると枕返しにあうという。狸、猿の類だろうともいう。
ザシキワラシ
座敷の掛け軸が風も無いのに音をたてたり、物陰から赤い頭巾をかぶったワラシが出てきて屏風の陰にかくれた。山から猿が入ってくることが多いと大人は言うが、ザシキワラシだと思った。
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warashi ワラシ / 童子
鱒澤村の某家に、座敷の床の間の前からたたみ1畳去って寝ないと、夜中にワラシが来て揺り起こしたり、体を上から押し付けたり、枕返しをしたり、とても寝させぬところがある。
大原のある家には、ザンギリ頭の赤ら顔、５，６歳の童子がすねにはばきをつけ、赤いチャンチャンコを着て枕返しに来た。
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東磐井郡
chiisa na ko 小さな子 a small child
興田村の京津畑の旧家には、赤い着物を着た小さな子が現れ枕返しをした。その部屋の柱が逆木だったのでそうなったのだろう。
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下閉井郡 Shimohei district
Kappa 河童
In the compound of the 金子家 Kaneko family there was a well with fresh water. There lived a Kappa who sometimes came into the house and turned the pillow.
. Kappa densetsu 河童伝説 Kappa Legends - Introduction .
............................................................................... Kyoto 京都府
亀岡市 Kameoka
About 350 years ago at the temple 嶺樹院 Reiju-In there was a scroll with a Daruma painting said to be by the Chinese Zen painter 顔輝 Ganki (Yan Hui).
When the priest wanted to sell it to make some money, Daruma came to his dream pillow and said
"I want to go home!" 「帰りたい」.
............................................................................... Wakayama 和歌山県
hinoki 桧の木 Japanese cypress tree
古い檜で上のほうで７本に分かれている木を伐ったら、夜中に7人の僧が現れて木をもとに戻す。何とか切り倒したが、その夜、山小屋に7人の僧が現れて、杣人の鼻を捻って殺した。ここを枕返しの檀と呼ぶ。
............................................................................... Yamanashi 山梨県
zashiki boozu 座敷坊主 - kura bokko クラボッコ
座敷には座敷ボウズ、倉にはお倉ボウズがいる。屋根の破風の三角の部分から出入りしている。それらがいなくなるとその家は潰れるという。祭日には食物を倉の入り口に供える。郡内の枕返しもこの類だろう。
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makuragami 枕神 "god of the pillow"
a deity that appears in your dream at your pillow (yumemakura 夢枕)
If you have a difficult problem on your mind, you can ask the "god of the pillow" to come in your dream and show you a solution.
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Iwate, 奥州市 Oshu
neko 猫，nezumi 鼠 cat and mouse / rat
In a certain temple there lived a huge rat, which was trying to kill the priest. So his cat called together all her cat friends to help getting rid of the big rat. But the cat got killed instead. The cat appeared in his dream with the makuragami and spoke with a grudge:
"If you had shouted to support my efforts, I would still be alive!"
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Saga 小川島 Ogawajima Island
nanpamono no haka 難破者の墓 grave of shipwrecked people
On the beach of the island are many graves of drowned people of shipwrecks. But since folks did not speak well of them, many families rebuild a grave in their own home-graveyard.
Sometimes the drowned people appear with the makuragami in a dream and ask to be taken to their own family graves.
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Shimane 邇摩郡 Nima district
. Yakushi no men 薬師の面 mask of Yakushi .
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yumemakura 夢枕 "dream pillow", 112 legends to explore
- source : Yokai database -
makura 枕 171 legends to explore
南枕,北枕 / 枕飯 / 枕団子 / 枕小僧 makura kozoo / . . .
- source : Yokai database -
- source : Yokai database -
. yumemakura, yume makura omamori 夢枕お守り "dream pillow" amulet .
Tsumagoi Jinja shrine 嬬恋神社, Tokyo
. yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - Introduction .
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. - Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .
. 大道芸 Daidogei street performance .
. densetsu 伝説 Japanese Legends .
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