. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .
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Construction work for a Japanese Home
Introducing the most importand craftsmen and artisans involved in constructing buildings.
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There are several types of craftsmen involved in the construction of buildings, and they differ in status and importance, from the most skillful architects and wood-carvers to the lowest day laborers who do the dirty work to support the more skilled craftsmen. The first, and most highly respected group are the carpenters.
Most master carpenters are not only responsible for building the wooden frame of the building, but also for designing the structure and drawing up the blueprint. It takes highly-skilled craftsmen to design and construct some of the larger and more impressive buildings in Edo, and as a result, the carpenter/architects are the "top of the pyramid" in the construction industry.
Next come the stonemasons and the roofers -- who are ranked about equally in terms of prestige, though their work is quite different. To prevent termites from damaging the wooden structures, most buildings in Edo are built on foundations of stone. The shape, stability and placement of the foundations stones is very important, especially in the case of large buildings. A home with an unsteady foundation may eventually collapse, particularly considering how many earthquakes there are in Japan. The roofers are responsible for covering the building with shingles (on working-class homes and most public buildings) or ceramic tiles (in the case of upper-class residences or temples). This job can be very dangerous, since most buildings have fairly steep roofs. One slip and a worker could suffer a serious injury, or even be killed.
The lowest rank of craftsmen in the construction industry -- just a step above the day laborers and apprentices -- are the plasterers. The homes of blue-collar people, farmers and laborers are usually made of rough-finished boards, with no covering or paint. However, the homes of the samurai are usually coated with a layer of plaster,both for insulation and to provide an attractive exterior finish. In addition, the walls that surround their residences are made of a thick layer of mud and plaster covering a wooden or bamboo frame. Plastering is a rather dirty job, but it requires a certain amount of skill. Many day laborers try their best to win a full time job as a plasterer, since it will mean a step up in status and a better salary than just providing the heavy labor needed on the construction site.
There are two other crafts that are also closely related to the construction industry, though they usually have independent businesses and just sell their products to builders. These are the craftsmen who make shoji (sliding paper screens) and tatami (straw mats). Because of Japan's climate, with its hot and muggy summer weather, most buildings are built with designs that aid in ventilation and air circulation. Shoji are sliding paper screens found on almost all doors and windows. You can slide them open to let the breezes blow through the house, and in the summer time they can be removed entirely, leaving the house open to even the gentlest draft of air. In their place, curtains made of finely-split bamboo or straw are hung from the ceiling. These keep out prying eyes, but still allow the breezes to blow through the entire house.
- source : edomatsu -
The leader of a group of craftsmen was generally called
oyakata 親方 boss, foreman, master craftsman leader
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source : 刃物 フルカワ
職人絵図 江戸時代 大工 (釿・ノミ・鋸・下げ振りなどが見える)
. daiku 大工 carpenter . -
tooryoo 棟梁 Toryo, master carpenter
miyadaiku 宮大工 "shrine carpenter"
. Hida no Takumi 飛騨の匠 Master Builders from Hida .
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. idohori shi 井戸堀師 digging a well .
. ishi ku, ishiku, sekkoo 石工 stone mason .
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jigyooshi 地形師 "ground-preparing" worker, ground leveling worker
Hardening the ground before setting up a building.
jigyoo 地形 Jigyo, the part under the foundation of a building
source : www.bousaihaku.com
This work was helped by the tobishokunin construction workers.
A tower scaffold with three platforms was erected, in its middle a huge tree trunk was placed (jigyoobashira 地形柱). The workers pulled it up and down with the help of a rope over a kassha 滑車 pulley
江戸東京地形の謎 / 芳賀 ひらく
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. kamadoshi かまど 竈師 making the earthen hearth .
- - - - - kamabutashi kamabuta-shi 釜蓋師 making a lid for the iron pot
- - - - - Kamafuta Jinja 釜蓋神社 "Kamafuta Shrine", Kagoshima
daidokoro 台所 the Japanese kitchen
. kanbanya 看板屋 making the shop sign .
kanban 看板 Kamban, Shop Signs
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sashimonoya 指物屋 furniture maker
Edo Sashimono 江戸指物 - 町職人の粋と意気 by 関保雄
. Edo Sashimono 江戸指物 Wood Joinery .
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. shakan, sakan 左官 plasterer, stucco master .
kote-e 鏝絵 "painting with plaster", relief painting
often as decorations on the storehouse of rich merchants.
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shikkuishi 漆喰師 making lime plaster walls
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. tansuya 箪笥屋 Tansu maker, craftsman making chest of drawers .
. tatamiya 畳屋 making Tatami floor mats .
tatami 畳 Japanese floor mats
. tateguya 建具屋 making doors and sliding doors .
fusuma 襖 and shooji 障子 sliding doors
. tobishoku, tobi-shoku 鳶職 construction workers .
鳶 tobi、鳶口 tobiguchi、鳶の者
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. uekiya 植木屋, niwashi 庭師 gardener .
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. yaneya 屋根屋 roof maker, roofer - kawaraya 瓦屋/ 瓦師 roof tile maker .
. hafu 破風 gables and roofs .
. kokerabukishi, kokerabuki-shi 柿葺師 craftsman roofing with wooden shingles .
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. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .
. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .
. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .
. - Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .
. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .
. densetsu 伝説 Japanese Legends - Introduction .
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