shinbutsu in Edo

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
. Temples of Edo 江戸のお寺 - INFO .
. Shrines of Edo 江戸の神社 - INFO .
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shinbutsu in Edo 江戸の神仏 Kami and Hotoke in Edo

shinbutsu shūgō 神仏習合 - Syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism
shinbutsu bunri 神仏分離 - Separation of Shinto and Buddhism.

. shinbutsu 神仏 kami to hotoke .
- Introduction -


探訪・大江戸の神仏 - 日本のこころ - 1995


. shinbutsu　神仏と伝説 legends about Kami and Hotoke - the Deities of Japan .


. Jiun Onkoo 慈雲飲光 Priest Jiun Onko .
(1718 – 1804/1805)
founder of 雲伝神道 Unden Shinto // 葛城神道 Katsuragi Shinto
..... Jiun held that no distinction existed between Shinto and esoteric Buddhism, and that it would be impossible to learn the essence of Shinto without also understanding esoteric Buddhism.

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- - - The three deities most feared in Japan:

. Shinigami 死神 God of Death "Grim Reaper" .

. Binbogami, Binboo Gami 貧乏神 Bimbogami, God of Poverty .

. Yakubyoogami 疫病神 Yakubyogami, Deity of Diseases .
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- - - - - ABC list of Buddhist Temples and Shinto Shrines - - - - -

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- - - - - Chooonji 長遠寺 Choon-Ji 大田区南馬込



如意輪観音 Nyoirin Kannon, 地蔵菩薩坐像 Jizo Bosatsu
不動明王 Fudo Myo-O 地蔵菩薩 - Jizo Bosatsu


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. Fujizuka, Fuji-zuka 富士塚 Mound to honor Mount Fujisan .

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- - - - - Hachiman Sha 八幡社 江東区

Once on the day of the Shrine festival, a mother came with her child of about 3 years. When she wanted to pass over the bridge, the child suddenly begun to cry, so she stopped without crossing and the child stopped crying soon.
A short while later the bridge collapsed and about 1000 people were injured.
The mother felt it was the help of the Deities that saved her life.


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- - - - - Kaminakazato Fudo 上中里不動尊
Tokyo, Kita, Kaminakazato, 1 Chome−47−34


摩利支天 Marishi-Ten



不動明王 Fudo Myo-O


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- - - - - Koomyooin 光明院 Komyo-In / 上荻2丁目


Fudo Myo-O 不動明王　in the bamboo grove


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- - - - - Mejiro Fudo 目白不動尊金乗院 Konjo-In


Dragon sword of Fudo Myo-O 倶梨伽羅不動

. Mejiro Fudo 目白不動 .


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- - - - - Oota Jinja 太田神社 - 高木神社 Takagi Jinja
Ōta-ku, Chūō, 6 Chome−3 太田神社

. Kuroyami Tennyo 黒闇天女 Lady Ten Deity of the Darkness .
... the Binbogami of this shrine turned into a Deity to bring good luck, Fuku no Kami,
福の神になった貧乏神.
Kuroyami Ten 黒闇天 (こくあんてん） Kokuan Ten
a Buddhist Deity of the Tenbu　天部 the Devas of India .


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- - - - - Yanagimori Jinja 柳森神社 - Chiyoda, Kanda

. O-tanuki san　おたぬきさん the honorable Tanuki .

ta o nuku　他を抜く
"tanuki" can also be read "ta-nuki,"
or pulling away from the crowd, a symbol of victory.


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- - - - - reference - - - - -


江戸の法華信仰 - 望月真澄 Mochizuki Shincho
江戸で
〈祖師〉といえば〈日蓮〉を指すほど人気を博した法華信仰。町人の願いに応えた現世利益の数々やその信仰形態を豊富な写真とともに紹介する、江戸の法華信仰ガイドブック。
第１章　江戸の神仏と信仰
第２章　江戸の神仏の儀礼
第３章　祖師と守護神の霊場
第４章　加持祈禱の隆盛
第５章　法華信仰の寺院・仏像・信徒
第６章　江戸の巡拝信仰
- source : kokusho.co.jp/np -

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江戸の神仏しめくくり　Edo no Shinbutsu Meguri
目白不動尊金乗院
根生院 - 南蔵院 - 亮朝院 - 津久井町の専念寺
願行寺 - 根津神社 - 東覚寺 - 大久寺 - 圓勝寺 - 上中里不動尊 / 上中里庚申堂
宗福寺 - 長遠寺 - 長遠寺の隣りの八幡神社 - 天祖神社 - 北野神社 - 熊野神社/南馬込 - 湯殿神社 - 新井宿薬師堂 - 大田区/本門寺 /妙見堂 - 十寄神社 - 遍照院
various Fujizuka
①船堀の富士塚（日枝神社） / ②桑川の富士塚（桑川神社）/ ③長島の富士塚（香取神社）/ ④今井の富士塚（香取神社）/ ⑤下鎌田の富士塚（豊田神社）/ ⑥上鎌田の富士塚（天祖神社）
江古田富士 - 庚申堂 - 下練馬富士 - 小御嶽神社 (Tengu) - 石観音堂
石神井 (Shakujii) : 禅定院 - 三宝寺 - 御嶽神社 -
杉並区 Sugita : 光明院 - 観泉寺 - 白山神社 - 西方寺 - 真盛寺 - 慈眼寺 - 宝仙寺 - 心法寺 -
- a page with many amazing photos !
- source : nobuhiro_suzu -

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うわさの神仏　ー 江戸TOKYO陰陽百景
3 volumes by 加門七海 Kamon Nanami

２　行ってみます？
今戸神社―かわいい？巨大招き猫が鎮座 - Imado Jinja
銀座八丁のお稲荷さん―狐口密集地帯！？銀座を行く - Ginza no Inari
秋葉原―最先端のＰＣ街、その主は天狗だった　 - Akihabara no Tengu

３　行きたいなら止めません。
渋谷―犬が南向きゃ、魔物がのさばる！？ - Shibuya - dogs and monsters
池袋―一度ハマると抜けられぬ。「袋」に溜まるモノあれこれ - Ikebukuro and bags
上野―旧幕軍のサムライが徘徊！？お化けの宴会にご用心　- Ueno - old samurai
at amazon com


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. Ginza Hatcho Jinja 銀座八丁神社 Shrines in 8 Ginza districts .

1.幸稲荷神社 Saiwai Inari Jinja
2.銀座稲荷神社　Ginza Inari Jinja
3.龍光不動尊 "Fashion" Ryuko Fudo Son
4.朝日稲荷神社 Asahi Inari Jinja
5.銀座出世地蔵尊　Ginza Shusse Jizo
6.宝童稲荷神社 Hodo Inari Jinja
7.あづま稲荷神社 Azuma Inari Jinja
8.靍護稲荷神社 Kakugo Inari Jinja　
9.成功稲荷神社 Seiko Inari Jinja
10.豊岩稲荷神社 Toyoiwa Inari Jinja
- and 八官神社 Hachikan Jinja // 宝珠稲荷神社 Hoju Inari Jinja


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. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. - Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. densetsu 伝説　Japanese Legends - Introduction .


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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]- - - - - #shinbutsuedo - - - -
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Edo Yuzen Dyeing

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. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .
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Edo Yuuzen 江戸友禅 Edo Yuzen

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yuuzenzome　友禅染  "Yuzen-style Kimono dyeing."
A form of paste-resist dyeing with beautiful colors and pictorial designs. Itis named after the Kyoto fan painter 宮崎友禅 Miyazaki Yuzen, who is credited with perfecting the technique around 1700.
. yuuzenzome　友禅染 - "Yuzen-style dyeing" .
- Introduction -




- quote
Tokyo Tegaki Yuzen　東京手描き友禅 友禅

Main Areas of Manufacture
Shinjuku Ward, Nerima Ward, Arakawa Ward

Traditional Technologies and Techniques
-- For Tokyo Tegaki Yuzen (hand-painted kimono), preliminary designs are sketched on textiles using an extract from spiderwort （青花 aobana, Asian dayflower), etc.
-- Resist dyeing is done by applying either dye-resistant pastes to textiles or by covering areas with wax.
-- Various types of brush are used for coloring and the painting of designs.
-- Crests are applied either by brush or by using paper cut-out stencils.
-- Embroidery is undertaken by hand.
1- 下絵は、青花等を用いて描く。
2- 防染は、糸目糊、白付け糊、堰（せき）出し糊、伏せ糊、又はろう（原文は「ろう」は漢字）描きによる。
3- 挿し及び描き染めは筆又は刷毛（はけ）を用いる。
4- 紋章上絵（もんしょううわえ）は、毛描き又は紋章彫刻をした型紙を用いる刷り込みによる。
5- 刺繍（ししゅう）は、手刺繍による。

Traditionally Used Raw Materials
Woven silk textiles - 絹織物




History and Characteristics
The origins of yuzen dyeing are said to lay in the Edo Period's Jokyo Era (1684-1687) during which there was an artist in Kyoto whose real name was Hioki Kiyochika 日置清親 (1650-1736). This person nevertheless used Miyazaki Yuzensai 宮崎友禅斎 as his professional name.

In 好色一代男 "The Life of an Amorous Man," a well-known work of fiction of the Edo Period by Ihara Saikaku (1642-1693), there is a woodblock print called "The Twenty Dyed Fan Yuzen," this title hints at the fact that Miyazaki Yuzensai was also known to be a painter of fans. One day, due to a request received from a drapery, Miyazaki painted a design that featured a pattern of family crests, and it subsequently became wildly popular. The pattern represented a departure from dyed goods up until then, with its popularity said to have stemmed from its use of color. Ogata Korin 尾形光琳 (1658-1716), one of the most well-known artists in Japanese history also tried his hand at yuzen techniques, and examples of his work remain with us today.

When Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) established the Edo Shogunate (1603-1868), many dyers and artists employed by daimyo (feudal lords) relocated from Kyoto to Edo. Various technologies and techniques were patronized, and this resulted in the creation of a wide variety of both woven textiles and dyed goods. That water was an integral part of dyeing processes also proved a very important factor. Thus, many dyers ended up living along the banks of the Kanda River.

A drapery called "Echigoya" 越後屋呉服店 opened in Nihonbashi (now known as the Mitsukoshi Department Store) in the first year of the Enpo Era (1673). It established a dye works further up the Kanda River around Tokyo Yamanote (close to modern Takadanobaba in Shinjuku Ward). Even today, the largest number of dye works in Tokyo is found in Shinjuku. Concerning Tokyo Tegaki Yuzen (hand-painted kimono), from development of conceptualizations, the sketching of preliminary designs, and until project completion, craftspeople carry out tasks as a continuous operation, each working individually. A feature of such kimono is that even within garments of a single color, there is a sense of beauty and elegance.

Tokyo Kogei Senshoku Cooperative Association
- source : sangyo-rodo.metro.tokyo.jp

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yuuzenzomeshi 友禅染師　artisan dyeing Yuzen cloths

Since the very expensive Kimonos made of stiching patterns with gold and silver thread and other kinds of high-class patterns were eventually forbidden in Edo, the craftsmen had to think of other methods to bring some "color" in the daily life of the citizens.

The process of Yusen-dyeing is quite complicated and soon specialists for each process came together in a workshop to share the work.
From painting the images, applying paste, adding color, steaming, drying,
washing in a river (yuuzen nagashi　友禅流し Yuzen nagashi
　. . . , drying again . . .



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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

. Kaga Yuzen 加賀友禅 from Ishikawa .

加賀友禅えがく百花や冬灯
Kaga yuuzen egaku hyakka ya fuyu tomoshi

Kaga Yuzen
painted with so many flowers -
winter lights
Tr. Gabi Greve

楠久子 Kusu Hisako



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行く秋や加賀友禅の小風呂敷
yuku aki ya Kaga yuuzen no koburoshiki

autumn has come to an end -
this small Furoshiki wrapper
from Kaga Yuzen
Tr. Gabi Greve

新田美智子 Nitta Michiko


CLICK for more Yuzen Furoshiki !

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加賀友禅筆より草の花生まる 野崎ゆり香

しぐるるや加賀友禅の鏡掛 中橋文子
人とその影加賀友禅を晒しをり 石原八束
冬ざれの赤を散りばめ加賀友禅 中山純子
冬川をたぐり寄せては布放つ(加賀友禅) 飴山實

春雨の加賀友禅の街にあり 岩崎すゞ
短日や加賀友禅の先ぼかし 新井佳津子
赤多き加賀友禅にしぐれ来る 綾子

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. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. - Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. densetsu 伝説　Japanese Legends - Introduction .


[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]- - - - - #edoyuzen #yuzen #yuuzen - - - -
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tori-oi chasing away birds ritual

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torioi, tori-oi, tori oi 鳥追 "chasing away the birds" ritual

tori oi uta 鳥追唄（とりおいうた）鳥追歌 song to chase away the birds,
bird dispersing songs, a kind of magic incantation

A ceremony held on the "Small New Year", now January 14 or 15.

A troupe of kado geinin　門芸人 "artists by the entrance" walked from house to house, performed their ritual songs with Shamisen and got some money in return.
They were active from the first day till the 15th day of the lunar New Year.



torioi (bird chasing),
a ceremony to pray for a rich harvest, which takes place on January 14. In the ceremony, children eat rice cakes in special torioi huts made of snow and then parade through the city beating wooden clappers while singing traditional songs in order to chase away birds that might damage crops.
City of Tokamachi, Niigata Prefecture
©　web-japan.org/

..... tori oi (tori-oi) 鳥追 "Chasing away the birds".
..... hut, tori-oi goya 鳥追小屋（とりおいごや）
..... tower, tori-oi yagura 鳥追櫓（とりおいやぐら）
..... song, tori-oi uta 鳥追唄（とりおいうた）

tori-oi asobi 鳥追遊び enjoying the Torioi rituals

tori-oi boo 鳥追棒 stick to drive off birds

. WKD - Songs for all seasons .

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torioidayuu, tori-oi dayuu 鳥追大夫 (とりおいだゆう)
bird chasing song performer
..... tataki たたき
tataki no Yojiroo 敲の与次郎（たたきのよじろう）

torioi 鳥追い（とりおい） is an observance performed on January 14 or 15 in the villages. To get the birds (and other unwanted animals) out of the fields.

The torioi performers went from village to villate. They wear a straw sack on the back. They get some money for their performance, also some food like mochi. They were not allowed to wear robes of silk, only simple cotton. They had large straw hats to protect them from the rain.

They had special songs, for example
鶴は千年、亀は万年

"The crane lives thousand years,
the tortoise lives ten thousand years,
when they come together,
we all live long prosperous lives."

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Torioi Kannon 鳥追観音



The Torioi Kannon statue was made by priest Gyoki with the wish to show people an east pass-over to the paradise of Amida.

at the temple
. Myoohooji 妙法寺 Myoho-Ji . Fukushima, Aizu
The temple was founded by priest Tokuitsu in 807.

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Tori-oi in the Kazusa region 上総地方, Chiba 千葉県

. hoojari ほうじゃり Hojari amulets .



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torioibune, torioi-bune 鳥追舟 the Torioi Bird Chasing Boat
a Noh play from the Muromachi period





Tsukioka Kogyo




- reference - torioibune -

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CLICK for more photos !

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -




人絹の鳥追笠の朱ケの紐
jinken no torioigasa no shuke no himo

the vermillion cord
from artificial silk
of the Bird-Chasing straw hat
Tr. Gabi Greve

竹下しづの女 Takeshita Shizunojo (1887 - 1951)
A member of Hototogisu -

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. - Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. densetsu 伝説　Japanese Legends .


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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]- - - - - #edotorioi #torioi #chasingbirds - - - -
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kotowaza idioms abclist

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kotowaza　諺　/ ことわざ idioms, sayings, proverbs
gengen 諺言 / rigen 俚諺 common saying; folk proverb


日本語イディオム辞典 / By Jeff Garrison

- read it at
- source : books.google.co.jp -

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. Idioms and anecdotes about Japanese Food　和食　 .

. Idioms about Heaven and Hell　極楽　地獄　 .

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- - - - - ABC list of keywords with many proverbs


source : Dalma / fotolia . kawano

. Daruma san　達磨　だるまさん .
nanakorobi yaoki 七転び八起き and more

. nezumi 鼠 rat, mouse .

. oni 鬼 demon, devil, ogre .

saru サル　猿　申　さる　monkey　
. saru suberi 百日紅 even monkeys fall from trees .

. tanuki 狸　たぬき badger .

heso no yadogae 遍楚乃屋登可 Grotesquerie Kotowaza

text by Hansui Ikkado, Osaka 1850.

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- - - - - ABC list of individual idioms and proverbs


. ganbari nyuudoo hototogisu がんばり入道ほととぎす Ganbari Nyudo lesser cuckoo .
加牟波理入道, a Yokai monster of the Toilet


. ishibiri 石びり someone stingy, stinginess .
and the deity Daikoku Ten 大黒天

. umewaka no namida ame　梅若の涙雨 teardrop rain of Umewaka .

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新明解故事ことわざ辞典
with an alphabetical index of keywords and one index of the proverbs.


故事ことわざ辞典
- source : kotowaza-allguide.com -

genen 諺苑 - 7 volumes dictionary of the Edo Period （1797

- reference -

Japanese Sayings and Proverbs (A collection of resource links)
Japanese resources:　/ Japanese Slang：
- source : educating kids in Japan -

- source : hilhorst.eu/kotowaza.org -
with search in English and Japanese

30 awesome Japanese idioms we should start using in English
- source : matadornetwork.com -

- - - - - rigen 俚諺 common saying; folk proverb
- source : yokai database -
83 items to explore (20)

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. kinki 禁忌 taboo, ritual restrctions .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. densetsu 伝説　Japanese Legends .

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utsurobune ufo ship

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. densetsu 伝説　Japanese Legends .
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utsurobune, utsuro-bune 虚舟（うつろぶね）うつろ舟　"hollow ship"

虚舟（うつろぶね）とは茨城県大洗町（北茨城市とも語られる）沖の太平洋に突如現れたとされる、江戸時代における伝説の舟である。
Seen in Ibaraki, Oarai town.


source :　wikipedia

長橋亦次郎の描いた虚舟


- quote
The Utsuro-bune or the hollow ship refer to an unknown object which allegedly washed ashore in 1803 in Hitachi province on the eastern coast of Japan. The tale has been told in three texts; Toen shōsetsu (1825) , Hyōryū kishū(1835) and Ume-no-chiri (1844). The book Toen shōsetsu contains the most detailed version.



According to legend an attractive woman arrived to the coast of Japan aboard the Hollow Ship. This woman was unlike the other women in the region. Local fisherman accompanied this strange-looking female inland, but they were unable to establish communication since this visitor could not communicate in Japanese.

This historical event took place on February 22, 1803 when the round looking object, which according to texts was made of iron and glass, floated ashore. The object was unlike any other ships in the region, and according to history, at the time this “ship” washed ashore- there were no round ships in Japan. This “hollow ship” had very strange symbols on its metallic surface which the locals did not manage to decipher. According to the Ume-no-chiri , the ship reminded the witnesses of a rice cooking pot, around its middle it had a thickened rim. It was also coated with black paint and it had four little windows on four sides. The windows had bars and they were clogged with tree resin. The lower part of the boat was protected by brazen plates which looked to be made of iron of the highest western quality.

The female visitor was not very tall, according to ancient texts, 1.5 meters, she had very pale skin and was dressed in a very strange way, the woman seemed very polite and had fiery red hair with red eyebrows. In her hands she held a box that was 60 cm in length.

There were two books published early that speak about this strange incident. One book is called Toen Shousetsu, published in 1825 and the other book is Ume no Chiri, published in 1844.The stories that were told in the books are considered to be based on old tabloid-like newspapers that are commonly called kawara-ban, while there are also many stories that originate from local folklore.

One of the most mysterious and interesting aspects of this legend revolves around the box that the female visitor held in her hands. A rectangular shaped box was made out of material unlike anything found in Japan. The female visitor did not allow anyone to touch the box so we can assume that it was extremely important to the visitor, but the exact purpose of the box is till unknown.


Ink drawing by Kyokutei Bakin 曲亭馬琴 (1825)

In the Toen shōsetsu story, an old villager is said to have made a speech at the female visitor was present in the village:

“This woman may be a daughter of a king in a foreign country and might have been married in her home country. However, she loved another man after marriage and her lover was put to death.
Since she was a princess before, she could get sympathy and avoid the death penalty. She had been forced to be put in this boat and was left to the sea to be trusted to fate. If this guess is correct, her lover’s severed head is inside the square box.
In the past, a similar boat with a woman inside drifted ashore in a beach not far from here. In that incident, a severed head placed on a kind of chopping board was found inside the boat. Judging from this kind of secondhand information, the contents of the box may be similar. This may explain why the box is so important to her and she is always holding it in her hands.
We may be ordered to use much money to investigate this woman and boat. Since there is a precedent for casting this kind of boat back out to sea, we had better put her inside the boat and send it away.From a humanitarian viewpoint, this treatment is too cruel for her. However, this treatment would be her destiny.”
- source : Ivan Petricevic


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江戸時代の浮世絵にUFO!?うつろ舟の謎
うつろ舟の蛮女


source :　yaji-kita.comxxx

兎園小説「虚舟の蛮女」日本随筆大成第二期巻一
（昭和三年）より





江戸「うつろ舟」ミステリー Utsurobune mystery
加門正一 (著)





うつろ舟 - 澁澤龍彦 Shibusawa Tatsuhiko


- Japanese reference -


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. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. densetsu 伝説　Japanese Legends .


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makuragaeshi pillow turner

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. 大道芸 Daidogei street performance .
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makuragaeshi 枕返し juggling with pillows, pillow turner

They used the typical hako makura 箱枕 pillow box, also called kimakura　木枕 wooden pillow.
This act has been popular in China for a long time, but in Japan it became popular in the Edo period, when a juggler from Kyoto made it to Edo to show his skills.



Some could use up to 10 pillow boxes standing on top of each other.
There were different makura for their show:
「四季四つ枕、一つ枕、二つ枕、八ツ橋枕、あや杉枕、勅使の枕、すくい枕、打ち抜き枕、出会い枕、屏風枕、瀧枕」
- source : kyokugoma.blog. -




Pillows in the Edo period where of two types.
-- kukuri makura くくり枕 stuffed pillow, sometimes so long it lasted for two persons
-- hako makura 箱枕 "pillow box" wooden box with a bit of soft cover for the head, it was ment to protect the large coiffures of people.
. makura 枕 pillow .

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Later makuragaeshi （まくらがえし） turned into a yokai monster.


竜斎閑人正澄画『狂歌百物語』より「枕返シ」

日本の妖怪の一つ
- source : wikipedia -


- quote
枕返し pillow flipper - 枕小僧　makura kozō

APPEARANCE:
Makuragaeshi are a kind of zashiki-warashi: a child ghost which haunts specific rooms of a house. They are found all over Japan, though details about them vary from region to region. They take the form of a small child dressed as a Niō, a monk, or a samurai, and appear in bedrooms late at night.



BEHAVIOR:
Makuragaeshi gets it is named for its primary activity: flipping pillows. People who sleep in a room haunted by a makuragaeshi often wake up to find that their pillow has been flipped and is now at their feet. Makuragaeshi are also known for other minor pranks, such as running through ashes and leaving dirty footprints around the rooms they haunt.

While most stories about makuragaeshi present them as harmless pranksters, there are a few stories that describe scarier powers. Some don’t flip the pillow, but lift up and flip people instead. Others pick up entire tatami mats that people are sleeping on and bounce them around. Still others are said to sit on their victim’s chest while he or she sleeps, pressing down hard and squeezing the wind out of the lung. They occasionally cause kanashibari, or sleep paralysis. The most extreme stories say that anyone who sees a makuragaeshi loses consciousness, after which the makuragaeshi steals their soul, leaving them dead.

ORIGIN:
There are as many theories as to where makuragaeshi come from as there are variants of zashiki-warashi. Most often they linked to the ghosts of people — particularly children — who died in the room they come to haunt. As makuragaeshi are generally lower in rank than zashiki-warashi, they are often the result of ghosts which died tragically, such as murder victims. However, some makuragaeshi have also been attributed to shape-shifting, prank-loving yokai such as tanuki or saru.
Others still have attributed this spirit to the actions of monster cats such as kasha.
- source : yokai.com/makuragaeshi

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- - - - - Yokai legends from the prefectures

zashiki warashi 座敷童子 girl spooks in the best room

岩手県を中心に青森、秋田、宮城などに分布する、旧家に棲む一種の妖精（妖怪と精霊の中間か）。地方によってザシキボッコ、クラワラシ、クラボッコ、コメツキワラシ、ウスツキコ、ホソデ、ナガテなどの異名がある。赤顔垂髪の小童で、旧家の奥座敷などにいる。それがいる間、家は繁盛し、いなくなると、衰亡する。その家の座敷に寝ると、ザシキワラシに枕返しされたり、上から押さえられたりすることがあるが、人を害することはない。座敷小僧というのもこれに似ている。愛媛・徳島地方ではほぼ同じものをアカシャグマといった。


............................................................................... Ehime 愛媛県
広田村 Hirotamura

nawamesuji, nawame suji ナワメスジ　Nawame road
The small mountain road near the big mountain is called Nawame road, and sometimes even Mashoosuji 魔性筋 Masho, Evil Spirit Road".
If a home is built along this road, the pillow turner shows up regularly. If someone sleeps with his head in one direction, he will find himself facing in the opposite direction the next morning.



............................................................................... Gunma 群馬県
東吾妻町 Higashiagatsuma In Edo is a place called 吾妻町（あづまちょう）

neko 猫 cat
When a human comes to sleep in the house the 化けたネコ bakeneko cat turns the pillow.
If a person had been sleeping with his head to the West, he will find himself now facing East (and vice-versa).


............................................................................... Ibaraki 茨城県
水府村 Suibumura

４・５年前に取り壊した築３００年ほどの母屋の座敷に寝ると枕返しされた。頭を南向きにして寝ていたのが、北向きになっているという。水戸光圀様が泊まったから寝てはいけないということなのかもしれない。



............................................................................... Iwate 岩手県

tanuki 狸 badger，saru 猿 monkey
熊谷という家では、老婆が死んで入棺し奥座敷に置いていたところ、誤って火が出て棺や畳が焼けてしまった。その部分の畳替えをしたが、その上に寝ると枕返しにあうという。狸、猿の類だろうともいう。

ザシキワラシ
座敷の掛け軸が風も無いのに音をたてたり、物陰から赤い頭巾をかぶったワラシが出てきて屏風の陰にかくれた。山から猿が入ってくることが多いと大人は言うが、ザシキワラシだと思った。

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warashi ワラシ / 童子
鱒澤村の某家に、座敷の床の間の前からたたみ1畳去って寝ないと、夜中にワラシが来て揺り起こしたり、体を上から押し付けたり、枕返しをしたり、とても寝させぬところがある。

大原のある家には、ザンギリ頭の赤ら顔、５，６歳の童子がすねにはばきをつけ、赤いチャンチャンコを着て枕返しに来た。

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東磐井郡

chiisa na ko 小さな子 a small child
興田村の京津畑の旧家には、赤い着物を着た小さな子が現れ枕返しをした。その部屋の柱が逆木だったのでそうなったのだろう。

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下閉井郡 Shimohei district

Kappa 河童
In the compound of the 金子家 Kaneko family there was a well with fresh water. There lived a Kappa who sometimes came into the house and turned the pillow.

. Kappa densetsu　河童伝説 Kappa Legends - Introduction .


............................................................................... Kyoto 京都府
亀岡市 Kameoka

About 350 years ago at the temple 嶺樹院 Reiju-In there was a scroll with a Daruma painting said to be by the Chinese Zen painter 顔輝 Ganki (Yan Hui).
When the priest wanted to sell it to make some money, Daruma came to his dream pillow and said
"I want to go home!" 「帰りたい」.


............................................................................... Wakayama 和歌山県

hinoki 桧の木 Japanese cypress tree
古い檜で上のほうで７本に分かれている木を伐ったら、夜中に7人の僧が現れて木をもとに戻す。何とか切り倒したが、その夜、山小屋に7人の僧が現れて、杣人の鼻を捻って殺した。ここを枕返しの檀と呼ぶ。


............................................................................... Yamanashi 山梨県

zashiki boozu 座敷坊主 - kura bokko クラボッコ
座敷には座敷ボウズ、倉にはお倉ボウズがいる。屋根の破風の三角の部分から出入りしている。それらがいなくなるとその家は潰れるという。祭日には食物を倉の入り口に供える。郡内の枕返しもこの類だろう。




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makuragami 枕神 "god of the pillow"
a deity that appears in your dream at your pillow (yumemakura 夢枕)

If you have a difficult problem on your mind, you can ask the "god of the pillow" to come in your dream and show you a solution.

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Iwate, 奥州市 Oshu

neko 猫，nezumi 鼠 cat and mouse / rat
In a certain temple there lived a huge rat, which was trying to kill the priest. So his cat called together all her cat friends to help getting rid of the big rat. But the cat got killed instead. The cat appeared in his dream with the makuragami and spoke with a grudge:
"If you had shouted to support my efforts, I would still be alive!"



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Saga 小川島 Ogawajima Island

nanpamono no haka 難破者の墓 grave of shipwrecked people
On the beach of the island are many graves of drowned people of shipwrecks. But since folks did not speak well of them, many families rebuild a grave in their own home-graveyard.
Sometimes the drowned people appear with the makuragami in a dream and ask to be taken to their own family graves.


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Shimane 邇摩郡 Nima district

. Yakushi no men 薬師の面 mask of Yakushi .

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yumemakura 夢枕 "dream pillow", 112 legends to explore
- source : Yokai database -

makura 枕 171 legends to explore
南枕,北枕 / 枕飯 / 枕団子 / 枕小僧 makura kozoo / . . .
- source : Yokai database -

- source : Yokai database -


. yumemakura, yume makura omamori　夢枕お守り "dream pillow" amulet .
Tsumagoi Jinja shrine 嬬恋神社, Tokyo

. yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - Introduction .


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. 大道芸 Daidogei street performance .

. densetsu 伝説　Japanese Legends .


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Edo Yokai and Yurei

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. yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters and ghosts - ABC-List .
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江戸 Edo - 妖怪 Yokai monsters, 幽霊 Yurei ghosts

. Legends and Tales from Edo 江戸の伝説 .
- Introduction -



. Edo Nana Fushigi 江戸七不思議 The Seven Wonders of Edo　 .
The number seven itself carries a mystical significance.
Various districts of Edo had their own collection, for example Honjo:

. Honjo Nana Fushigi 本所七不思議 The Seven Wonders of Honjo .
Oitekebori 置いてけ堀 / 置行堀
baka bayashi 馬鹿囃子 (tanuki bayashi 狸囃子)
okuri choochin 送り提灯
ochiba shinai shii no ki 落葉しない椎の木 pasania tree without falling leaves
Tsugaru no taiko 津軽の太鼓
kiezu andoo 消えずの行灯
ashi-arai yashiki 足洗い屋敷



. Ghosts (yookai, yuurei, bakemono 化け物　 o-bake お化け) .
- Introduction -

. Edo Yookai Karuta 江戸妖怪かるた Edo Yokai monsters card game .

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Bushu 武州 : Tokyo 東京都、Chiba 千葉県、Saitama 埼玉県
Tales about Yokai along the Tokaido road 東海道

. The 53 stations of the Tokaido Road 東海道五十三次 .

. Kaido Ancient Roads - Yokai and Yurei 街道の妖怪 - 幽霊 .

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- - - - - ABC-List - - - - -

haifuri tanuki 灰降狸 the ash-throwing Tanuki



In the year 1854 in the 6th lunar month there was constantly ashes raining down to the ground of the Tenjin Shrine in 麹町 Kojimachi.
People thought it was the malicious deed of a Tanuki badger.

. tanuki 狸 - mujina 狢　－ racoon dog, badger legends .

. Kōjimachi 麹町 / 麴町 Kojimachi district in Edo .

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isogashi いそがし "busy busy"　the busybody



Showed up first in Kumamoto, running busily around the streets, knocking things over.
Very similar to the tenjoname 天井嘗 ceiling licker.

- reference -

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. Kappabashi かっぱばし/ かっぱ河 / 合羽橋 in Asakusa .
Where the famous water goblin, Kappa　河童, is living.
and the legend of Kappa Kawataro 合羽川太郎（合羽屋喜八 Kappaya Kihachi).

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Kioicho no densha 紀尾井町の電車 the train from Kioi village



An old fox who lived in the vicinity of Kioi village began to imitate the sound of the train toward Akasaka all night long : gatagoto chinchin ガタゴトチンチン.
But there is no train to be seen.

. Kioichoo 紀尾井町 Kioicho district, Chiyoda, Tokyo .

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. Konoha Tengu 木葉天狗 / 木の葉天狗 "Tree Leaf Tengu" .
One of them lives at Mount Takao, 高尾山薬王院 Mount Takaozan, Temple Yakuo-In, Tokyo.

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kuchisake onna 口裂け女 slit-mouthed woman



- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. Sangenjaya 三軒茶屋 Sangen-jaya, "three tea stalls" .
She likes the number three, so she likes to come here.

Someone saw her on the road in 千代田区 Chiyoda ward. If there are three people walking together, she comes after them with a knife.

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kurokamikiri 黒髪切 black hair cutter



In the middle of the night a black monster comes out and cuts the hair of people.
Its hands are said to look like scissors, sometimes his mouth also.



- quote -
The black hair cutter or Kurokamikiri
is one of the most grotesque and disturbing yokai and has a hair obsession. Kurokamikiri is vaguely humanoid. It has a bloated body with chubby arms and legs. It has no neck but a bulbous head. Its skin is deepest black and the only features visible are a wide mouth with a slug like tongue and huge flat teeth, and two tiny, evil yellow eyes spaced far apart on its dark visage. Kurokamikiri will creep up behind its victims and bite off their hair.
Kurokamikiri is said to make a “mogaaaaa!”sound.
- source : Richard Freeman -

Kurokamikiri anatomical illustration from Mizuki Shigeru : Yokai Daizukai
- source : pinterest.com -

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onimusume, oni-musume 鬼娘 demon daughter



A young girl that would eat anything you put in her mouth. Said to be the yokai of a cat.
A monster version of うら若きむすめ urawakaki musume.



She was often shown in 見世物小屋 curio shows.

- - - - - A bit different



nekomusume, neko musume 猫娘　cat daughter

- source and text : Zack Davisson-

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ooji no kitsune 王子の狐 the Fox from Oji


Ando Hiroshige 安藤広重

. Ooji Inari Jinja 王子稲荷神社 Oji Inari Fox Shrine .

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ooki na otoko 大きな男 the huge man

Once the children of the village were telling stories when in the room next-door there was a strange noise of something falling down. When they looked, it was a huge, huge rice cake and they all enjoyed to eat it together.
"Let's hope another one will fall down!" they wondered and indeed, there was again a noise in the room next-door.
"Where is that rice cake?" shouted a huge man.
They all run away in great fear.

- - - - - 10 tales of huge men to explore
- source : yokai database -

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. Sara yashiki　皿屋敷 "the Dish Mansion" .
The story of お菊 Okiku and the Nine Plates
at Bancho 番町皿屋敷


. sazae-oni　栄螺鬼 / さざえ鬼　haunted turban shell .
may be found in 品川　Shinagawa.


. Shinozakigitsune, Shinozaki-gitsune　篠崎狐 the Kitsune fox from Shinozaki .
江戸川区 Edogawa ward, Tokyo

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tachifusagari たちふさがり twister, whirlwind
tachifusagaru 立塞がる to stand in one's way



A kind of whirlwind (tatsumaki たつまき) that occurs in Saitama.
Also called kawa no tachifusagari 川のたちふさがり (you can not cross the river).
Sometimes it occurs right in the middle of a river and people were quite afraid of it.
It looked like a fearful monster to the people of old.

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図説江戸の幽霊　- 江戸怪談と幽霊画
恐ろしくも美しい幽霊画とともにめぐる江戸の怪談と幽霊の世界

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水木しげるのTOKYO妖怪めぐり Mizuki Shigeru Tokyo Yokai Meguri

第１章　- 日常に潜む妖怪たち
（銭湯　あかなめ ―清潔志向の現代を生き抜くのもひと苦労？
Akaname (Grime Licker)
A yokai that appears if a bathtub is not kept clean. He licks grime in the bathroom.
ラッシュアワー　 いそがし ―心休まる暇もない、ストレス社会を象徴
Isogashi
busybody, running around constantly
深夜のオフィス　- オバリヨン ―残業つづきで疲れたあなたを癒してくれる？　
Obarion, Obariyon
Yokai which rides piggyback on a human victim and becomes unbearably heavy.

第２章　- 東京妖怪名所図会
（麻布十番　 小豆洗い ―甘いお菓子の裏にはこの妖怪の努力あり？
Azuki arai
(or Azukitogi) – A spirit that washes azuki beans.
吉祥寺　油すまし ―どこに潜んでいるか、わかるかな？
Abura sumashi -
Oil Presser - a squat creature with a straw-coat covered body and a potato-like or stony head - originally from Amakusa, Kumamoto
お台場　 海坊主 ―自然の恐ろしさを伝える海上の大入道　
Umibōzu, Umibozu –
A giant monster appearing on the surface of the sea.

第３章　- 鬼太郎と仲間たち
(コインランドリー　一反木綿 ―のんきに宙をさまよっている…わけではない！
町田　児啼爺 ―赤ちゃんのような姿にだまされてはいけない
Konaki-jijii
A yokai with an old man’s body who cries like a baby. If someone who hears a baby wailing and picks up this creature (which looks like a baby), it becomes heavier and heavier, turning into a rock that crushes the victim.
巣鴨　砂かけ婆 ―「おばあちゃんの原宿」は妖怪にも通用するのだっ！？　
Sunakake-baba
Yokai with a kind-hearted personality who runs the Yokai Apartment business. There are tubes inside her nails that inject sand, blinding people.
column　本所七不思議 Honjo Nana Fushigi
column　水木妖怪に会える街、境港と調布
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- a long list of yokai along the Main Roads
Tokyo : たちふさがり、王子の狐、紀尾井町の電車、大きな男、灰降狸、黒髪切、鬼娘
いい姉さん、提灯、鳴甑
- source : wakanmomomikan.yu-nagi.com -


3 Best Yokai Spots in Chofu, Tokyo - in memory of author of “Kitaro,” Shigeru Mizuki,
Tenjin Dori Shopping Street 天神通り商店街 // Fudaten Shrine 布多天神社 // Kitaro Chaya Shop 鬼太郎茶屋
- source and photos : goinjapanesque.com -


All the Old Haunts: A Yokai Guide to Tokyo and Beyond

- source : John Paul Catton -

- - - -- Tokyo 東京 - 143 tales to explore
- source : nichibun Yokai database -

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