Edo - the EDOPEDIA -

8/18/2019

Miyako Kaido Highway

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
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Miyako Kaido 宮古街道 Miyako Highway
Iwate 岩手県
from Morioka to the daikansho 代官所 government official's residence
in the coastal town Miyako
from 宮古湊Miyako Minato harbour to 浦鍬ヶ崎村 Kuwagasaki village.

Also called
isaba no michi 五十集の道（いさば）/ 磯場の道 beach road

From Morioka over the pass 区界峠 Kuzakai Toge

also called
閉伊街道 Hei Kaido.
- Postal stations :

盛岡城下（岩手県盛岡市）　（岩手郡盛岡）Morioka Joka
築川　　（岩手県盛岡市）　（岩手郡簗川村）Morioka Chikugawa
田代　　（岩手県宮古市）　（閉伊郡田代村）- Hei district - Tashiro
門馬　　（　〃　　〃　）　（閉伊郡門馬村）- Kadoma
平津戸　（　〃　　〃　）　（閉伊郡平津戸村）- Hiratsuto
川内　　（　〃　　〃　）　（閉伊郡川内村）- Kawauchi
箱石　　（　〃　　〃　）　（閉伊郡箱石村）- Hakoishi
川井　　（　〃　　〃　）　（閉伊郡川井村）- Kawai
古田　　（　〃　　〃　）　（閉伊郡古田村）- Futta
腹帯　　（　〃　　〃　）　（閉伊郡腹帯（はらたい）村）- Haratai
茂市　　（　〃　　〃　）　（閉伊郡茂市（もいち）村）- Moichi
蟇目　　（　〃　　〃　）　（閉伊郡蟇目（ひきめ）村）- Hirame
花原市　（　〃　　〃　）　（閉伊郡花原市（けばらいち）村）- Gebaraichi
根城　　（　〃　　〃　）　（閉伊郡老木村根城（ねじょう））- Nejo
田鎖　　（　〃　　〃　）　（閉伊郡田鎖（たくさり）村）- Takusari
千徳　　（　〃　　〃　）　（閉伊郡千徳（せんとく）村）- Sentoku
宮古　　（岩手県宮古市）　（閉伊郡宮古村）- Miyako

. Kakunodate Kaido 角館街道 .

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isabadonya 五十集問屋 wholesale dealers in seafood
Many lived in 盛岡城下 Morioka Joka ("below the castle of Morioka)

replica of Morioka Castle

- quote -
Morioka Castle (盛岡城 Morioka-jō)
is a hirayama-style Japanese castle constructed in 1611.
It was the seat of the Nanbu clan, a tozama daimyō clan who ruled over Morioka Domain, Mutsu Province in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. The castle is located in what is now central Morioka, Iwate Prefecture, Japan. It was also referred to as Kozukata Castle (不来方城 Kozukata-jō), but strictly speaking this name pertains to the predecessor of Morioka Castle on the same site.
- Location
The confluence of the Kitakami River and the Nakatsu River was of strategic importance in control of river traffic in central Ōshū.
The location of the castle was also intended to control traffic on the Ōshū Kaidō highway from the capital to the northern end of Honshū.
- History
Because of its strategic geographic position, the area around Morioka had been regarded as the centre of northern Ōshū since the construction of nearby Shiwa Castle by the Yamato dynasty in the early Heian period.
The area was later contested between the Abe clan and the Kiyohara clan in the Former Nine Years War, and it is believed that the first fortification had been erected on this site by the Kiyohara clan. The Kiyohara were destroyed by the Northern Fujiwara of Hiraizumi, who in turn were destroyed by the Minamoto clan of the Kamakura shogunate. The area then came under the control of the Kudo clan, who were retainers of the Minamoto. During the Muromachi period, the Kudo clan was divided between supporters of Emperor Go-Daigo and supporters of the Ashikaga clan, and were thus displaced by the Nanbu clan, who had already been established to the north. ...

不来方のお城の草に寝ころびて空に吸はれし十五の心
Kozukata no oshiro no kusa ni nekorobite sora ni suwareshi jū-go no kokoro
I laid down on the grass of the Kozukata Castle,
absorbed by the sky; my heart of fifteen

Takuboku Ishikawa 石川啄木 Ishikawa Takuboku (1886 - 1912)

- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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8/16/2019

Akita Kaido Highways

- reference source : thr.mlit.go.jp/akita/jimusyo... -

Many routes were use for
. 参勤交代 Sankin Kotai - Daimyo attendance in Edo .
from the local castle towns to the main Kaido connecting with Edo.

. Ōshū Kaidō 奥州街道 Oshu Kaido .
connecting Edo with Tohoku

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. Ushu Kaido, Ushū Kaidō 羽州街道 Ushu Highway .
- Postal stations in Akita:

21. Innai-juku (院内宿) (Yuzawa)
22. Yokobori-juku (横堀宿) (Yuzawa)
23. Yuzawa-juku (湯沢宿) (Yuzawa)
24. Yokote-juku (横手宿) (Yokote)
25. Kanezawa-juku (金沢宿) (Yokote)
26. Rokugō-juku (六郷宿) (Misato, Senboku District)
27. Omagari-juku (大曲宿) (Daisen)
28. Jingūji-juku (神宮寺宿) (Daisen)
29. Kariwano-juku (刈和野宿) (Daisen)
--- Kamiyodokawa-juku (上淀川宿) (Daisen)

30. Sakai-juku (境宿) (Daisen)
--- Wada-juku (和田宿) (Akita)
31. Toshima-juku (豊島宿) (Akita)
32. Kubota-juku (久保田宿) (Akita)
33. Tsuchizakiminato-juku (土崎湊宿) (Akita)
34. Okubo-juku (大久保宿) (Katagami)
35. Abukawa-juku (虻川宿) (Katagami)
36. Okawa-juku (大川宿) (Gojōme, Minamiakita District)
37. Hitoichi-juku (一日市宿) (Hachirōgata, Minamiakita District)
38. Kado-juku (鹿渡宿) (Mitane, Yamamoto District)
39. Morioka-juku (森岡宿) (Mitane, Yamamoto District)

40. Toyooka-juku (豊岡宿) (Mitane, Yamamoto District)
41. Hiyama-juku (檜山宿) (Noshiro)
42. Tsurugata-juku (鶴形宿) (Noshiro)
43. Tobine-juku (飛根宿) (Noshiro)
44. Niageba-juku (荷上場宿) (Noshiro)
45. Kotsunagi-juku (小繋宿) (Noshiro)
46. Imaizumi-juku (今泉宿) (Kitaakita)
47. Maeyama-juku (前山宿) (Kitaakita)
48. Tsuzureko-juku (綴子宿) (Kitaakita)
49. Kawaguchi-juku (川口宿) (Ōdate)
50. Odate-juku (大館宿) (Ōdate)
51. Shakanai-juku (釈迦内宿) (Ōdate)

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. Ani Kaido 阿仁街道 .
and the Sumitomo silver mines

Gojome Kaido 五城目街道
From Gojome City via 阿仁 Ani village to 米内沢 Yonaizawa Town. Used by the Ani silver mines.
Now National Highway 285.

Heiwa Kaido 平和街道
From 岩手県北上市 Kitakami city in Iwate to 秋田県横手市 Yokote city in Akita.
Part of National Highway 107.

Honjo Kaido 本荘街道
From 西馬音内 Nishimonai to the 羽州街道 Ushu Kaido (near 湯沢付 Yuzawa village).
Used for Sankin Kotai by the 六郷氏 Rokugo Clan.

Junisho Kaido 十二所街道
- also called 鹿角街道　Kazuno Kaido in Iwate.
Used for Sankin Kotai from the 久保田藩 Kubota Domain along 川口 Kawaguchi to Junisho. Then past Kakunodate to 滝沢 Takizawa in Iwate.
Also used by 藤原氏 the Fujiwara clan from 岩手県平泉町 Hiraizumi.
. Kazuno Kaido 鹿角街道 Kazuno Highway .

Kakunodate Kaido 角館街道
From 大曲宿 Omagari station via 長野宿 Nagano to the castle town of Kakunodate.
Used by the 戸沢氏 Tozawa clan for the army.
Now National Highway 46 and 105.
- - - - - . Miyako Kaido 宮古街道 Miyako Highway . - Iwate

Kameda Kaido 亀田街道
This highway was established in the Edo period by the 久保田藩 Kubota domain, from the town 刈和野 Kariwano to the town of Kameda.
It was a waki kaido 脇街道 byroad to the 川大内街道 Kawaono Kaido and used for Sankin Kotai.
It was also called Tonosama Kaido 殿様街道 "Kaido for the Daimyo".
It was used for the transportation of seafood and used by many travelers and pilgrims.
The three domaines of Kameda, Kubota and 矢島藩 Yashino bordered on this highway and they were often fighting for the territory.

Kariwano Kaido 刈和野街道
From the town of Kariwano to 角館 Kakunodate.
Mentioned in records of the Edo period from 1681.
Kariwano was an important station of the 羽州街道 Ushu Kaido.　It had the daikansho 代官所 government official's residence.
Goods could be transported via the river 雄物川 Omonogawa.

Kawaono Kaido 川大内街道
From the town of Kameda to Honjo, connecting to the Oshu Kaido.
Passing over the pass 駒泣峠 Komanakase Toge (Pass where the horses weep).
Mostly used by the 岩城家 Iwakishi clan for Sankin Kotai.

Kei Kaido 繋街道
From the hamlet Kei past the river 上淀川 Kamiyodokawa along the river 荒川 Arakawa to Kakunodate.
Mostly used to transport merchandise.
Nearby was the Arakawa koozan 荒川鉱山 Arakawa mine, supported by the 久保田藩 Kubota domain.

Numadate Kaido 沼館街道
A byroad to the Ushu Kaido. From 大曲 Omagari to the 角間川 river Kakumagawa, Numadate and on to 湯沢 Yuzawa.
The Daimyo of the 久保田藩 Kubota domain used it often. The river was useful for transporting merchandise.
Most stations were in 横手市 Yokote city.

Obonai Kaido 生保内街道
From 六郷 Rokugo, a postal station of the Ushu Kaido to 角館 Kakunodate.
Obonai village is now part of 仙北 Senboku.
The road was often used by the local Daimyo on their many war expeditions and is
one of the 100 historical roads, 歴史の道百選.

. Rekishi no Michi Hyakusen 歴史の道百選 100 historical roads .
森田敏隆 Morita Toshitaka

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Oga Kaido 男鹿街道
Leaving the Ushu Kaido at 追分 Oiwake to turn to 男鹿半島 the Oga peninsula harbour town 船川 Funakawa.
. Namahage なまはげ Monsters from Oga Peninsula. .

Omagoshi Kaido 大間越街道
Developed in the Edo period from the station and castle town 檜山宿 Hiyama on the Ushu Kaido with the temple 金光寺 Konko-Ji via 能代 Noshiro and 八森 Hachimori to the castle town 弘前 Hirosaki.
Noshiro was an important harbour town at the river 米代川 Yoneshirogawa, where the kitamaebune 北前船 trade ships for Hokkaido stopped.
The road from the temple Konko-Ji to Noshiro is also called
能代道 Noshiro michi.

Oyasu Kaido 小安街道
From the hamlet 十文字 Jumonji on the Ushu Kaido, leaving the 手倉街道 Tekura Kaido, then via 川連 Kawatsura, 稲庭 Inaniwa to 小安 Oyasu and then on to Miyagi prefecture.
This is an old road for warfare, already known at the time of the senkunen no eki 前九年の役 in the late Heian period and gosannen no eki 後三年の役 (1083).

In the Edo period the hot spring 小安温泉 Oyasu Onsen became quite popular and the road was frequented.
- quote -
Yuzawa city is located in the southeast of Akita Prefecture. In the city there are many hot springs.
The Oyasu Hot Spring Village is one of them, where you can see steam blowing out dynamically from the valley.

Yuzawa city is the home of Inaniwa udon noodle. Enjoy very smooth and beautiful noodles.
Furthermore, there is the traditional storage (Uchikura) in Masuda on the way from the Port of Akita to Yuzawa city.
- source : cruise-japan.jp/en... -

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- for large size - click here -
Raiman Kaido 来満街道
From 花輪 Hanawa via 毛馬内 Kemanai, 大湯 Oyu to 三戸 Sannohe, where 南部氏 the Daimyo of the Nanbu domaine used to reside.
The road was therefore also called
殿様道 Tonosama no Michi or 殿様街道 Tonosama Kaido, Highway for the Lord.
It was part (or another name) of the
三戸鹿角街道 Sannohe Kazsuno Kaido.
The pass 来満峠 Raiman Toge (611m) is on the road.
In the Edo period it was also used for transportation from the 尾去沢鉱山 Osarizawa mine.

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Shizukuishi Kaido 雫石街道
Connecting 盛岡 Morioka and 秋田 Akita
The road was wide, with trees on both sides and regular ichirizuka 一里塚 milestones.
生森一里塚 Oimori no Ichiri Zuka
Now at National Highway 46.
The mound is about 3 meters high and 12 meters in circumference.

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Tekura Kaido 手倉街道
From the hamlet 十文字 Jumonji on the Ushu Kaido via 増田 Masuda, 田子 Takko and the pass 手倉峠 Tekura Toge to 水沢 Mizuzawa, Iwate.
The road dates back to the times of
. Sakanoue no Tamuramaro 坂上田村麻呂 (758 - 811) .
It was used for transportation and warfare from the Pacific ocean side of Japan to the Nihonkai 日本海 Sea of Japan side.
Mostly used for transportation of goods.

. Ushu Hamakaido 羽州浜街道 . - and - Ushu Kaido 羽州街道

Yajima Kaido 矢島街道
From the 本荘藩 Honjo domaine via the 矢島藩 Yajima domain, along the river 真室川 Mamurogawa
in 山形県 Yamagata.
Along the river 子吉川 Koyoshigawa.
It was used by the 生駒氏 Ikoma clan for Sankin Kotai.
From Honjo to 笹子 Sasago is the present-day highway Nr. 108.

source : blog.goo.ne.jp/kayaba_1938...

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- source and many photos : akitabi.com...

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In Iwate there are connections to

岩崎街道 Iwasaki Kaido
沢内街道 Sawauchi Kaido

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Miyazawa Kenji "Akita Highway" (Akita kaido)
宮沢賢治

. Kenji Miyazawa 宮沢賢治, Miyazawa Kenji .
(1896 - 1933)

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8/14/2019

Togakushi Kodo Road

source and more photos : blog.goo.ne.jp/heppoco...

- quote
- Trace the footsteps of ancient pilgrims to five shrines.
The Togakushi Kodo Trail
is a pilgrimage route approximately ten kilometers long that connects the five shrines of the Togakushi Shrine:
the Okusha, the Kuzuryusha, the Chusha, the Hokosha, and the Hinomikosha.
The Togakushi Shrine was established on the slopes of Mount Togakushi, which has been a center of Japan’s traditional mountain worship since ancient times. Sometimes called “Togakushi Sanzembo,” the shrine has been visited by throngs of pilgrims through the ages.
In recent years, the Togakushi Shrine has become popular as a spot endowed with mystical power, but if you want to learn about its history and culture, we recommend that you trace the pilgrimage route that our ancestors followed.
Starting from the base of the shrine, closest to the urban area of Nagano, one comes to the Hokosha, the Hinomikosha, and the Chusha in that order. Farthest into the interior are the Kuzuryusha and the Okusha, which are located in the same area. You can find plenty of enjoyment just by walking the trail and inhaling the fragrances of the natural environment, but starting from the Okusha, you can also climb Mount Togakushi and Happo-nirami as a day trip. The many ridges along the rugged trail to the summit provide a succession of panoramic views that evoke the mystery of the region.
- At the Togakushi Shrine, enjoy nature and cuisine to the fullest!
The Togakushi Shinrin Botanical Park is located close to the entrance to the Togakushi Shrine Oku-sha. Within the 71-hectare park, visitors can stroll along footpaths while getting a close-up feel for how nature breathes in and out from one season to the next. More than 750 plant species can be found in the park, and visitors can enjoy an abundance of flowering plants, including skunk cabbage and spotted bellflower, to name but two. More than 120 species of birds are said to inhabit the park over the course of a year, making this one of the premier birdwatching sites in Japan. One can hear their beautiful songs cutting through the clear air. The park features a number of areas where visitors can get close to nature, including a skunk cabbage patch, a botanical observation area, a pond surrounded by greenery, and a relaxing glade. An educational center near the entrance displays specimens, models, dioramas, and the like as a way to introduce visitors to the nature of the Togakushi region.

Togakushi soba 戸隠蕎麦 Togakushi buckwheat noodles

When one hears the mention of Togakushi cuisine, one immediately thinks “soba!”
History says that soba is the staple food that pilgrims carried with them in ancient times. The distinctive Togakushi style of serving soba is called “batchi-mori,” in which five or six folded handfuls of soba are arranged in a single bamboo strainer. Pungent Togakushi daikon radish is used as a seasoning. This is truly the flavor of Togakushi.
- source : go-centraljapan.jp/route...

. The old Shinano Province 信濃国 / Shinshū 信州 Shinshu Highways .
Hokkoku Kaido 北国街道 Hokkoku Highway Roads
At 柏原宿 Kashiwabara station the highway forkes into the 飯山道 Iiyama road and the
戸隠道 Togakushi road / 戸隠古道 Togakushi Kodo .

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奥社 Okusha, 九頭龍社 Kuzuryusha (Dragon with 9 heads)
中社 Chusha - Middle Shrine, 宝光社 Hokosha,
日之御子社　Hinomikosha

- Homepage of 戸隠神社 the Shrine Togakushi Jinja
- reference source : togakushi-jinja ... -

. Togakushi matsuri 戸隠祭 Togakushi Shrine Festival .
- an Autumn Kigo for Haiku

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Shinshū Togakushiyama
Hiroshige II

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.................................................................................　Nagano 長野県
戸隠 Togakushi

. 鬼無里村 Kinasa Mura, "Village without Demons" .

. 戸隠山の鬼 Togakushiyama no Oni Demons .
kijo momiji　鬼女紅葉 The Female Demon called "Momiji"

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -
42 戸隠 collecting

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -
Tr. Gabi Greve

里宮も戸隠道も葛の秋
sato miya mo Togakushi do mo kuzu no aki

the shrine in the village too
the Togakushi road too
arrowroot in autumn

西本一都 Nishimoto Ichito

戸隠の奥社に甘き岩清水
Togakushi no Okusha ni amaki iwashimizu

at the Okusha
of Togakushi is sweet water
trickling from the rocks

須賀允子 Suka Tadako

Togakushi no shimizu 戸隠の湧水 clear water from Togakushi - a local speciality

戸隠やもとより霧の宮柱
尾崎迷堂

戸隠の奥社に甘き岩清水
須賀允子

戸隠の社家の軒にも麻の束
三宅まさる

戸隠はやうやく中社余花の道
皆吉爽雨

戸隠や社家なる宿の走り蕎麦
加藤多眠王

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8/12/2019

Iiyama Shinano Highways

- quote -
Shinano bordered on
1 Kōzuke, 2 Musashi, 3 Kai, 4 Suruga, 5 Tōtōmi, 6 Mikawa, 7 Mino, 8 Hida, 9 Etchu and 10 Echigo.
The ancient capital was located near modern-day 松本 Matsumoto, which became an important city of the province.
- Historical record
In 713, the road that traverses Mino and Shinano provinces was widened to accommodate increasing numbers of travelers through the Kiso District of modern Nagano Prefecture.
In the Sengoku period,
Shinano Province was often split among fiefs and castle towns developed, including 小諸 Komoro, 伊那 Ina, and 上田 Ueda. Shinano was one of the major centers of Takeda Shingen's power during his wars with Uesugi Kenshin and others.
Suwa Taisha Shrine was designated as the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) for the province.
In 1871, during the Meiji period,
with the abolition of the han system and the establishment of prefectures (Haihan Chiken) after the Meiji Restoration, Shinano Province was administratively separated in 1871 into Nagano and Chikuma prefectures. These two tentative governmental and territorial units were reconfigured together again in 1876. This became the modern prefecture of Nagano, which remains substantially unchanged from that time.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. Suwa Taisha 諏訪大社 Great Suwa Shrine .

. Takeda Shingen 武田信玄 (1521 - 1573) .

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Hokkoku Kaido 北国街道 Hokkoku Highway Roads
From Oiwake on the 中仙道 Nakasendo Highway to 野尻宿 Nojiri into 越後 and on to the Echigo province.

source : ktr.mlit.go.jp/nagano/sinsyukaidou/hokkoku...

- quote -
The Hokkoku Kaido Road is the generic name of the main roads in Hokuriku region in the Edo period.
There were actually three main roads running through this region;
the 北陸道 Hokuriku-do Highway, which went to the west from Naoetsu (present Niigata Pref.),
the 北国西街道 Hokkoku Nishi Kaido (West Road), which linked Seba (present Shiojiri City) on the Nakasendo Road and Tanbajima (present Nagano City), and the
the 北国脇往還 Hokkoku Waki Okan (Byroad of the Hokkoku Highway).
At the present, this byroad is often referred to as the Hokkoku Kaido Road.
The road with a total length of 140 km crossed the whole area of Shinshu region and linked Oiwake (present Karuizawa) on the Nakasendo Highway and Takada (present Joetsu City) on the Hokuriku Highway.
This road connecting the Pacific side and the Northern coastal side of the country played an important role as the gold route that carried the gold mined at Sado Gold Mine and the sankin kotai (the system of “alternate attendance”) route of the feudal lords including that of Maeda clan, who were given the fiefs in the Hokuriku region.
It was also used for carrying commodities from the Hokuriku region to the Kanto region.
The road was sometimes called “Zenkoji Kaido,” 善光寺街道 because it was used by the pilgrims visiting Zenkoji Temple in Nagano City. At the present, Route 18 traces about the same route as the Edo period Hokkoku Kaido.
- source : nippon-kichi.jp... -

. Shiotsu Kaido 塩津街道 Shiotsu Highway / 塩津海道 Shiotsu Sea Road .
with details about the Hokkoku Kaido roads

. Saku Koshu Kaido 佐久甲州街道 Saku Highway .
Also called Koshu Okan 甲州往還 Koshu Road

Nezumijuku 鼠宿 postal station
. Iwabana no nezumi 岩鼻のねずみ the mice from Iwabana .
- - - Chikumagwa 千曲川と伝説 Legends about the river Chikumagawa

. Zenkooji 善光寺 Zenko-Ji in Nagano .

At 柏原宿 Kashiwabara station the highway forked into the 飯山道 Iiyama road and the
戸隠道 Togakushi road.

. Togakushi Kodo 戸隠古道 Togakushi Old Pilgrim Road .

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Iiyama Kaido 飯山街道 Iiyama Highway
Started at 神代宿 Kumashiro.

千曲川下流飯山街道古繪圖
source : kosho.or.jp/products...

- quote -
Iiyama (飯山市 Iiyama-shi) is a city located in Nagano Prefecture.
It markets itself as "Japan's Hometown" and is known as the "Little Kyoto of Snow Country".
- History
The area of present-day Iiyama was part of ancient Shinano Province.
The area was part of the holdings of Iiyama Domain during the Edo period, and the core of the city was the jōkamachi surrounding Iiyama Castle, held by a cadet branch of the Honda clan. The modern town of Iiyama was established within Shimominochi District, Nagano with the establishment of the municipalities system on April 1, 1889.
It was raised to city status on August 1, 1954 by the merger of the town of Iiyama with neighboring villages of Akitsu, Tokiwa, Yanagihara, Tozama, Kijima and Zuiho. The villages of Ōta and Okayama were also annexed in 1955. ...
- More in the Wikipedia -

Connecting Iiyama and 十日町 Tokamachi is now the Highway Nr. 117.

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Tani Kaido 谷街道 Tani Highway
Now Highway 403.
This highway started from 信濃国稲荷山 Shinano province, Inariyama (長野県千曲市 Nagano, Chikuma city) along the river 千曲川 Chikumagawa to the town of Iiyama in Nagano.
The old Inariyama postal station is also situated along the
Shinano Roman Kaido しなの浪漫街道 Romantic Road of Shinano

It started from 稲荷山 Inariyama, crossed 矢代 Yashiro, then along the river Chikumagawa to 中野 Nakano and
飯山 Iiyama, on to the 十日町街道 Tokamachi Kaido.
Inariyama is one of the areas with very much snow in winter. Travelers could go over the 富倉峠 Tomikura Toge pass to Arai 新井宿 to carry salt from 日本海 the Sea of Japan.

Oozasa Kaido 大笹街道 (おおざさかいどう) Ozasa Highway
started at the Hokkoku Nishi Road in 福島宿 Fukushima, passed over 仁礼 Nire (now 須坂市 Suzaka city), crossed the 鳥居峠 Torii Toge pass (1390m) and went on to 嬬恋村大笹 Tsumagoi village, Ozasa.

Nire Kaido 仁礼街道 Nire Highway
was the name Tani Kaido in 群馬県 Gunma prefecture.
Only two stations, from Nire to 沓掛宿 Kutsukake on the Nakasendo.

. Nakasendo 中山道 Nakasendo Highway .

National Route 403 is a national highway of Japan connecting Chūō-ku, Niigata and Matsumoto, Nagano,
with a total length of 352.8 km.

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Tokamachi Kaido 十日町街道 Tokamachi Highway

- quote -
Tōkamachi
derives its name from the fact that a market was held every tenth day of the month.
- History
The area of present-day Tōkamachi was part of ancient Echigo Province, and was part of the tenryō territories held directly by then Tokugawa shogunate.
Following the Meiji restoration, was the capital of the newly-formed Nakauonuma District of Niigata Prefecture, and was proclaimed a village on April 1, 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system. It was raised to town status on September 24, 1897.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Matsunoyama Kaido 松之山街道 Matsunoyama Highway
Also called
Uesugi Gundo 上杉軍道 Army road of Uesugi
Matsunoyama was a town located in Higashi-Kubiki District, Niigata.

A road used by Uesugi Kenshin, passing the old 松代町 Matsushiro town and leading his troups to war in the Kanto area.
The part between 菅刈 Sugakari and 犬伏 Inubuse is well preserved.

- CLICK for enlargement and more info !

- quote -
Matsushiro (Matsudai) (Japanese: 松代（まつしろまち）) was a historically important town in 埴科郡 Hanishina District, Nagano.
... Matsushiro was a thriving town as the center of Matsushiro Domain under the Sanada clan during the Edo period of the 17th to 19th centuries. In the Meiji period of the latter half of the 19th century, there was a thriving silk industry there. ...
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. Uesugi Kenshin Kagetora 上杉謙信(景虎) . (1530 - 1578)

- quote -
The Matsunoyama Road was constructed by the warlord Uesugi Kenshin (1530-1578) as a military route to march troops to the Kanto region. It went through what was then Matsudaimachi, and links what is now 稲田　Inada in Joetsu City with 塩沢　Shiozawa, in 南上沼　Minami-Uonuma City. As the post station town of Matsudai-juku, the Matsudai region flourished as a transport hub.
Part of the mountain road from 菅刈 Sugakari to 犬伏 Inubuse, up to the 薬師峠　Yakushi Pass, has been selected by the Agency for Cultural Affairs as one of Japan’s Hundred Historical Roads.
- source : shibatouge.com/en/showplace -

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Legends from 十日町市 Tokamachi city 松之山町 Matsunoyama town

- Matsunoyama Hot Spring

On the 15th day of the first lunar month,
people burn the kadomatsu 門松 pine decorations and first calligraphy of the year. They collect the ashes and paint the faces of others with it.
Once this habit was abolished, but soon there was misfortune in the village, fire broke out and mountains slided down the roads.
So they continued the custom and all was well again.
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. jagirimaru 蛇切丸 sword to kill a serpent .
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. hebi 蛇と伝説 Legends about snakes and serpents .
Once someone was feared to become ill, because he had killed a snake and was cursed by it.
He painted a snake on a piece of paper and posted it at the door of the local Shinto shrine to be safe.
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Once a small snake was on top of a rock and called out with a very loud voice. Soon there was a great storm, the serpent changed into a dragon and flew to heaven.
The strong wind did not subside for a long time, but then there was a voice from the sky and the storm stopped.
When the villagers went to the mountain later, they found the dead body of a daija 大蛇 huge serpent
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. toshi toku jin, Toshitokujin 歳徳神 Deity of the Year .
According to ancient Asian lore, the new year comes with a new female deity.
She comes on the evening of day 30 of the 12th lunar month. People prepare the special kamidana 神棚 Shelf of the Gods for her.
When the year is over they tear it down and burn it, then built a new one.

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.................................................................................　Niigata 新潟県
Legends from the Iiyama Kaido 飯山街道 Iiyama Highway

. itachi いたち weasel .
Once a man was rusuban 留守番 alone taking care of the home, sitting on the veranda, when he heard a strange squeaking noise.
He remembered that weasels are afraid of fire, so he started a small fire and the noise stopped soon after.

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. ryuu, ryū 龍　竜　伝説　Ryu - dragon legends .
A young woman who had been raped went up to the mountain to kill herself by jumping into the pond.
Now she became a dragon and the 池の主 Master of the Pond.
If people do mischief at this pond, there will suddenly be waves and thick fog.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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8/11/2019

saba makerel Wakasa Kaido Highway

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
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saba kaido 鯖街道 makerel highway
From Obama (Wakasa, Fukui) to Kyoto, 出町柳 Demachiyanagi.
also called　
Wakasa Kaido 若狭街道

Fukui is famous for the
makerel road (saba kaidoo　鯖街道、さばかいどう- saba kaido) transporting fish to Kyoto.
Therefore many simple makerel dishes have been prepared in busy fishing times.
The road leads from the port of Obama at the Bay of Wakasa to Kyoto, about 75 kilometers. The fish was salted and packed in Obama and then carried over night to the city. It was then just rightly marinated and folks waited in line to buy it.
Other routes for transporting saba are also known. Many farmers exchanged their newly harvested rice to get some fish for the autumnal autumn festival and their Saba Sushi.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

Obama was also the endpoint of many ships from Asia trying to reach Japan during its long history. So embassies and their presents for the emperor and aristocrats in Kyoto also travelled along this road, the final step of any "Silk Road" through Asia or via the ocean.

Kutsuki in Takashima City, via Kumagawa-juku in Wakasa town.

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- quote -
Miketsukuni and Saba-kaido Road: Cultural heritages linking the Japan Sea
to Nara and Kyoto, the ancient capital of Japan
The province of Wakasa was situated along the Sea of Japan’s coastline in what is now Fukui Prefecture. It was referred to as miketsukuni (a region that produced food offerings for the Imperial Court) and played an important role in providing foodstuffs such as sea salt,mackerel, and other marine products to the ancient, landlocked capital of Nara and Kyoto. Wakasa's role as a source of supplying the foodstuffs led to the development of a unique culinary culture. The coastal hub of Wakasa also connected the sea trade from China and Korea to the inland trade routes.
Local ports and castle towns sprang up and flourished along this route. Traveling tradesmen brought with them festival customs, entertainments, and Buddhist culture that soon spread far and wide into rural farming areas and fishing villages. This ultimately resulted in distinct cultures and customs evolving in the different villages and hamlets. The ancient thoroughfare is now called the saba-kaido (Mackerel Road) and here visitors can experience nature, eat delicious traditional foods, attend festivals, as well as view traditional houses and roads that hearken back to the earlier days of great prosperity. ...
... Several highways which have been referred to as “Saba-kaido” in recent years connecting Wakasa Province and Kyoto played an important role not only in supplying foodstuffs but also in exchanging various goods, people, and culture. “Saba-kaido” refers to a highway supplying marine products and fish such as mackerel called “saba” in Japanese to the Imperial family and Imperial court in Kyoto, the ancient capital of Japan. Cultural exchange initiated by the connection with the Imperial Court and the aristocracy in Nara and Kyoto permeated the entire civilian life both in rural farming areas and fishing villages in Wakasa Province through the interaction of people taking these Saba-kaido highways and developed into rich cultural heritages such as old temples and shrines, unique streetscapes, folk cultural assets along Saba-kadio highways of Wakasa region whose rich and diverse cultural aspects can hardly be found elsewhere in Japan.
- Starting point of Saba-kaido Road
... In the early Muromachi Period (1336-1573), early European ships carrying rare animals such as elephants and peacocks landed Obama port for the first time in Japan. It took one month for these rare animals to be delivered to Kyoto through Saba-kaido Road and this long journey to Kyoto is said to have greatly surprised people along the road.
... In the early modern age, Obama Ichiba, or Obama market, was established by Takatsugu Kyogoku,
- source : city.obama.fukui.jp/japan_heritage... -

Saba Kaido Shiryokan (Mackerel Road Museum)

- source : wakasa-obama.jp/en/Tourism... -

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Wakasa guji 若狭ぐじ Japanese Tilefish
kind of red seabream (amadai) 甘鯛 amadai
Salted guji has been carried to Kyoto via the Mackerel Road (saba kaidoo) together with mackerels. In the Bay of Wakasa, cold and warm currents meet and is is a rough terrain for fish, so they are fatty.

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Kurihan Kaido 九里半街道 Kurihan Highway
Connecting 今津 Imazu in 近江国 Omi on the West side of 琵琶湖 Lake Biwako with 若狭国小浜 Obama in Wakasa, Fukui.
The distance between these tow towns was just nin Ri 九里 and a half 半i, hence the name. One Ri is about 4 m.

- Places along the Kurihan Highway
From 今津 Imazu along the river 石田川 Ishidagawa
Hozaka village 保坂村
crossing the pass Misaka 水坂峠
into 若狭国 Wakasa no Kuni
Sakai 境
Kumagawa 熊川
along the river Kitagawa 北川
to 小浜 Obama

For the land transport of goods from the harbour of Wakasa to 琵琶湖 Lake Biwako.
From Lake Biwako the transport continued by ship to the harbour of 大津湊 Otsu and then to Kyoto.
The road was also used to transport lumber for the construction of Fushimi Castle.

The traders on the road were called
若狭通商 Traders from Wakasa
小幡(おばた)商人 Traders from Obata
高島南市(たかしまみなみいち)商人 Traders from Takashima Minamimachi

- source and more photos : takasima.shiga-saku.net... -

. Omi Kaido　近江街道 / Omi no Kaido 近江の街道 .

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- quote -
Ōmi Province (近江国, Ōmi no kuni, Omi no Kuni)
is an old province of Japan, which today comprises Shiga Prefecture.It was one of the provinces that made up the Tōsandō circuit. Its nickname is Gōshū (江州).
Lake Biwa, Japan's largest lake, is located at the center of the province. "Ōmi" came from awaumi or "fresh-water sea" and the kanji of "Ōmi" (近江) means "an inlet near the capital" (See also Tōtōmi Province).
The ancient capital was near Ōtsu, which was also a major castle town. In north of Otsu, one of the most important monastery Enryaku-ji is located on Mount Hiei.
- History
... Hōjō Tokimasa, the first shikken of the Kamakura shogunate, was made daimyō of Ōmi Province in the 10th month of Shōji 2 (1200).
During the Sengoku period, the northern part of the province was the fief of Ishida Mitsunari, Tokugawa Ieyasu's opponent at the Battle of Sekigahara, although he spent most of his time in Osaka Castle administering the fief of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's young son. After Ishida's defeat, Tokugawa granted the fief to his allies, the Ii clan, who built the castle and town of Hikone from the ruins of Sawayama.

- - - - - Historical districts in Shiga Prefecture
Azai District (浅井郡)
- Higashiazai District (東浅井郡)
- Nishiazai District (西浅井郡)
Echi District (愛知郡)
Gamō District (蒲生郡)
Ika District (伊香郡)
Inukami District (犬上郡)
Kanzaki District (神崎郡)
Kōka District (甲賀郡)
Kurita District (栗太郡)
Sakata District (坂田郡)
Shiga District (滋賀郡)
Takashima District (高島郡)
Yasu District (野洲郡) –
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- quote -
Wakasa Province (若狭国, Wakasa-no-kuni) Wakasa no Kuni
was a province of Japan in the area that is today the southwestern portion of Fukui Prefecture in the Hokuriku region of Japan. Wakasa bordered on Echizen, Ōmi, Tanba, Tango, and Yamashiro Provinces. It was part of Hokurikudō Circuit. Its abbreviated form name was Jakushū (若州). Under the Engishiki classification system, Wakasa was ranked as a "medium country" (中国) and a near country (近国) in terms of its importance and distance from the capital.
- History - Ancient and classical Wakasa
Wakasa existed as a political entity before the Ritsuryō system and the implementation of the Taihō Code of the Nara period. Wooden shipping tags labelled "Wakasa" have been found in the ruins of Fujiwara-kyō. Per the Nihon Shoki, ancient Wakasa was governed by a Kuni no miyatsuko, who was a descendant of Amenohiboko, a semi-legendary prince of Shilla, who settled in Tajima province during the reign of Emperor Suinin. There are archaeological indications that Wakasa was under control of the Yamato state from the mid-4th century. The province of Wakasa was formally established with the creation of the Ritsuryō provincial system around 701 AD, and initially consisted of the two districts of Onyū and Mikata. In 825 AD, Ōi was separated from Onyū.
During the Nara and Heian periods,
Wakasa was an important source of sea products (salt, fish and konbu) to the aristocracy of the capital, so much so that the province was nicknamed Miketsu Province (御食国, Miketsu-no-kuni). Salt production was especially and important industry. Wakasa was also a strategically important province due to its seaport on the Sea of Japan and was the closest ocean harbour to Kyoto .
The exact location of the provincial capital of Wakasa is unknown, but is believed to have been in what is now the city of Obama. The Wakasa Kokubun-ji and the ichinomiya of Wakasa, the Wakasahiko Shrine are also located in Obama.
- Medieval and pre-modern Wakasa
- Meiji period and beyond
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !
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. 近江商人土人形 clay dolls from tradesmen of Omi .

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

鯖街道外れしところに花の闇
saba kaidoo hazureshi tokoro ni hana no yami

a bit off
from the makerel highway
darkness under cherry blossoms

小泉八重子 Koizumi Yaeko

鯖街道旅の土産にふぐの鰭
saba kaidoo tabi no miyage ni fugu no hire

makerel road
as a present I get
fins of blowfish

長野敏子 Nagano Toshiko

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鯖街道行けば雪に火の椿橋本榮治
鯖街道すこし外れて梅真白皿井芳子
鯖街道廃家茎石のみ遺す久保武
鯖街道旅の土産にふぐの鰭長野敏子
鯖街道朴散つてその北さびし岡田貞峰

狐火や鯖街道は京を指す加藤三七子
足音も鯖街道の夜長かな榎本好宏

がうがうと鯖街道の雪解川石田野武男
このあたり鯖街道や冬構小島みつ代
へしこ焼く鯖街道や虎落笛玉木芳子
手花火は鯖街道を照らすなり大峯あきら
秋しぐれ鯖街道をひた濡らす木下ふみ子
高稲架に鯖街道のうち晴るる西村和子

source : pinimg.com/originals...

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8/10/2019

Tokyo Shoko Hakuran Illustrations

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Famous Places and Power spots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
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Tokyo Shoko Hakuran Kai 東京商工博覧絵
Illustrated Views of Trade and Industry in Tokyo

- - CLICK here for all the photos !

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- Complete Database :
- source : National Diet Library -

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