Bungo Kaido Highway

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. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
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Bungo Kaido 豊後街道 Bungo Highway

Connecting 熊本 Kumamoto city with 鶴崎 Tsurusaki in Oita.
About 124 km long. Now mostly National Highway 57.
In former times it took 5 days from Kumamoto to the harbour of Tsurusaki, and from there by ship on to Edo.

source : kusennjyu.exblog.jp...

Higo no Kuni Kumamoto 肥後国熊本 (present-day Kumamoto city)
Bungo no Kuni Tsurusaki 豊後国鶴崎 (present-day in Oita city)

Also called
Bungo Okan 豊後往還 Bungo Road / Higo Okan 肥後往還 Higo road

Built mostly by 加藤清正 Kato Kiyomasa for Sankin Kotai of 熊本藩 the Kumamoto domain
and 岡藩 the Oka domain (located in Oita).
The part leading from Oita to 肥後国 Higo no Kuni (Kumamoto) was called
Higo Kaido 肥後街道 Higo Highway.

. Kato Kiyomasa 加藤清正 (1562 - 1611) .

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- stations on the road -
Kumamoto castle, Fuda no Tsuji 熊本城の札の辻
大津 Ozu (菊池郡 Kikuchi district)
内牧 Uchinomaki
白丹 Shirani
久住 Kuju
境川 Sakaigawa
追分 Oiwake
上野 Ueno
神堤 Kamitsutsumi
今市 Imaichi
野津原 Notsuhara
木上 Kinoe
八幡田 Hachimanda
津守 Tsumori
萩原 Hagiwara
鶴崎 Tsurusaki

Kumamoto Prefecture
Starting Location: Kumamoto Castle (熊本城) (Kumamoto)
1. Ōzu-shuku (大津宿) (Ōzu, Kikuchi District)
2. Uchinomaki-shuku (内牧宿) (Aso)
3. Sakanashi-shuku (坂梨宿) (Aso)

Ōita Prefecture
4. Kujū-shuku (久住宿) (Taketa)
5. Imaichi-shuku (今市宿) (Ōita)
6. Notsuhara-shuku (野津原宿) (Ōita)
Ending Location: Port of Tsurusaki (鶴崎港) (Ōita)

野津原 Notsuhara

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The part from Kumamoto to Ozu was called
Ozu Kaido 大津街道 Ozu Highway.

The part from 大津町 Ozu town to 阿蘇市 Aso city was called
Seisho Kodo 清正公道（せいしょこどう）Road of Kiyomasa

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- - - - - Kumamoto no Ishitatami no Michi 石畳の道 old roads with stone pavement

At some parts of the old road there are still 石畳 stone pavements and 杉並木 roads lined with cedar trees.
The stone pavement was usually 3.8 m wide and sometimes lasted for more than 500 m.

Bentenzaka no ishitatami 弁天坂石畳 Benten slope
About 3.7 m wide and 80 m long. Built in 1807, taking 4 years.
Now there is a favorite promenade called 弁天坂の石畳.

Futae no Toge 二重峠 Futae Pass stone pavement

Imaichi no ishitatami 今市の石畳
野津原町今市の石畳 Notsuhara town Imaichi no ishitatami
About 8.5 m wide and 660 m long.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

Sakanashi 坂梨 "no slope"
There was a postal station in Sakanashi.
From Sakanashi Sekisho 坂梨関所 the barrier station up to the slope of the outer ring of the mountain the pavement was 3 km long.
At the top of the slope was a Shrine, 護法社 Gosama ごうさま」.
- - - The Sakanashi clan 坂梨氏
阿蘇大宮司族 . High Priests at the Aso Shrine.
. Aso jinja 阿蘇神社 Aso Shrine .

Sakai no Matsuzaka ishitatami 境ノ松坂石畳
About 2.3 m wide and 200 m long. The stones are now covered with moss.
From here it is not far to the border of Oita. It was the last difficult pass in Higo.

stone pavement at Takimurozaka slope 滝室坂石畳
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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hyakken ishigaki 百閒石垣 stone wall of 100 ken length
at Kumamoto castle, about 180 long.

The Samurai 山東弥源太 Santo Yagenta jumped down this wall to his death when he realized his life was lost during the fight.

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- quote -
- - - - - The Hosokawa clan 細川氏 - - - - -
The Hosokawa of Kokura (later Kumamoto) became the "main" line of the Hosokawa clan during the Edo period. Hosokawa Gracia, the wife of Hosokawa Tadaoki, was one of the most famous samurai converts to Christianity; she was also the daughter of Akechi Mitsuhide.
The Hosokawa sided with Tokugawa Ieyasu against Ishida Mitsunari during the decisive Sekigahara Campaign, and thus were made fudai (inside) daimyō under the Tokugawa shogunate. They were given Higo Province, with an income of 540,000 koku, as their han (fief).
Hosokawa Tadatoshi, the third lord of Kumamoto, was the patron of the swordsman Miyamoto Musashi.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

旧細川刑部邸 mansion of 細川興孝 Lord Hosokawa Okitaka
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

細川コレクション　永青文庫展示室 Hosokawa art collection museum
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

一夜塘（いちやども）Ichiyadomo Embankment to prevent flooding
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
Constructed in 1796 by 細川斉茲 Lord Hosokawa Narishige. The stone wall of about 70 length is still there.
If this embankment would break, the town of Kumamoto would be flooded "in one night" (ichiya 一夜).

武蔵塚公園 Musashizuka Koen - Miyamoto Musashi Park and memorial mound
Tatsuda yuge, Kita Ward, Kumamoto
To pray for the safe travel of Sankin Kotai to Edo by the Hosokawa clan.
Inscription : 新免武蔵居士石塔
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

上井手 Kami-Ide, Uwaide, Uwa-Ide / Kamiide
An irrigation canal of about 24 km length to prevent flooding from the river 白川.
Built by Kiyomasa, 細川忠利 Hosokawa Tadatoshi and 光尚 Hosokasa Mitsutoshi.
Uwaide became a postal station for the Hosokawa clan.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

波奈之丸（なみなしまる）Naminashimaru
official ship for Sankin Kotai, stationed ad Tsurusaki.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

鉄砲小路 Teppo Koji Road where the 鉄砲衆 gunmen lived
About 4 ml long, now national road nr. 311.
Built in 1635 by 細川忠利 Hosokawa Tadatoshi.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

泰勝寺 Temple Taisho-Ji
remains of the Bodai-Ji 菩提寺 family temple of the Hosokawa clan
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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熊本城本丸御殿 Kumamoto castle palace
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

立田口赤鳥居 red Torii gate at Tatsutaguchi
at the Shrine 立田口大神宮 Tatsutaguchi Daijingu / 竜田口 Tatsudaguchi
Tsuboi, Chuo Ward, Kumamoto
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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鼻ぐり井手 Hanaguri Ide canal

The Hanaguri Ide is a specially constructed 387-meter canal in Kikuyō, Kumamoto, Japan, which lets water flow into the downstream without depositing the mixed ash. The Aso area from which water flows is rich in such ash, volcanic in nature.
Built around 1608 by Kato Kiyomasa.

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円通庵（芭蕉塚）Entsu-An and Mound for 芭蕉 Matsuo Basho
built in 1793 to commemorate the Haiku poet.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

光尊寺 Temple Kosen-Ji
Built in 1652. With a stone brige at the entrance, built in 1815.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

的石の御茶屋 Matoishi Tea House
Used during Sankin Kotai as a rest place. with a beautiful large park.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

的石 Matoishi "the Target Rock"
The deity of Aso Shrine 健磐龍命 Tateiwatatsu no Mikoto used this rock to practise with bow and arrow, standing on 往生岳 Mount Ojodake, one of the five mountains of Aso.
The arrows were collected by 鬼八（きはち) Kihachi. Once Kihachi was not fast enough to bring the 100 arrows and the angry Deity cut off his head. Kihachi took revenge by blowing frost over the land, and the harvest was lost.
The shrine 霜宮 Shimomiya was built in his honor.
. 霜宮 Shimomiya . Shimo Jinja 　霜神社 "Frost Shrine".

- extensive reference with photos - kumanago .jp -

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- quote
Bungo Province (豊後国, Bungo no kuni)
was a province of Japan in eastern Kyūshū in the area of Ōita Prefecture. It was sometimes called Hōshū (豊州), with Buzen Province.
Bungo bordered Buzen, Hyūga, Higo, Chikugo, and Chikuzen Provinces.
- - - - - History
At the end of the 7th century, Toyo Province was split into Buzen (literally, "the front of Toyo") and Bungo ("the back of Toyo"). Until the Heian period, Bungo was read as Toyokuni no Michi no Shiri.
It is believed that the capital of Bungo was located in Furugō (古国府), literally "old capital," section of the city of Ōita, but as of 2016 no archaeological evidence has been found.
The honor of the holiest Shinto shrine of Bungo Province (豊前一宮, Buzen ichinomiya) was given to Usa Shrine known as Usa Hachimangu or Usa Jingu in Usa district (today Usa, Ōita). Usa shrine had not only religious authority but also political influence to local governance, but their influence was reduced until the Sengoku period.
During the Sengoku period,
in the middle of the 16th century, Bungo was a stronghold of the Ōtomo clan. The Ōuchi clan in the western Chūgoku Region was influenced to Buzen politics. In the middle of the period, both clans declined. After Toyotomi Hideyoshi also took the power in Kyūshū, 120 thousand koku of Buzen province was given to Kuroda Yoshitaka since 1587, who made Kokura, currently part of Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, his site and built the castle. Other parts of the province were divided into pieces and given to other daimyōs.
In the year 1600
the Dutch ship piloted by the Englishman Will Adams foundered on Bungo's coast. When Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu interviewed Adams, his suspicions were confirmed that the Jesuits, who had been allowed to operate in Japan since the 1540s, were intent on gaining control of the country. When the time was right, in 1614, Ieyasu banished all Christian activity. Thus, Adams' landing in Bungo proved significant to the nation's subsequent history.This series of historic events was the basis of the 1975 book Shogun, and the 1980 miniseries of the same name.
In the Meiji period,
the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. Maps of Japan and Bungo Province were reformed in the 1870s.
- source : wikipedia

- Historical districts -
Amabe District (海部郡)
Hayami District (速見郡)
Hita District (日高郡)
Kusu District (球珠郡)
Kunisaki District (国埼郡)
Naoiri District (直入郡)
Ōno District (大野郡)
Ōita District (大分郡)

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- quote -
Higo Province (肥後国, Higo no kuni)
was an old province of Japan in the area that is today Kumamoto Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū.
t was sometimes called Hishū (肥州), with Hizen Province. Higo bordered on Chikugo, Bungo, Hyūga, Ōsumi, and Satsuma Provinces.
- - - - - History
The castle town of Higo was usually at Kumamoto City.
During the Muromachi period, Higo was held by the Kikuchi clan, but they were dispossessed during the Sengoku period, and the province was occupied by neighboring lords, including the Shimazu clan of Satsuma, until Toyotomi Hideyoshi invaded Kyūshū and gave Higo to his retainers, first Sassa Narimasa and later Katō Kiyomasa. The Kato were soon stripped of their lands, and the region was given to the Hosokawa clan.
During the Sengoku Period,
Higo was a major center for Christianity in Japan, and it is also the location where Miyamoto Musashi stayed at the Hosokawa daimyō's invitation while completing his The Book of Five Rings.
In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. Maps of Japan and Higo Province were reformed in the 1870s. At the same time, the province continued to exist for some purposes.
For example, Higo is explicitly recognized in treaties in 1894 (a) between Japan and the United States and (b) between Japan and the United Kingdom.
- source : wikipedia -

- Historical districts -
Akita District (飽田郡)
Amakusa District (天草郡)
Ashikita District (葦北郡)
Aso District (阿蘇郡)
Gōshi District (合志郡)
Kikuchi District (菊池郡)
Kuma District (球磨郡)
Mashiki District (益城郡)
Takuma District (託麻郡)
Tamana District (玉名郡)
Uto District (宇土郡)
. Yamaga 山鹿 .
Yamamoto District (山本郡)
Yatsushiro District (八代郡)

- quote -
The Kikuchi clan (菊池氏, Kikuchi-shi) of Higo Province
was a powerful daimyō family of Higo, Kyūshū. The lineage was renowned for valiant service in defense of the emperor and against foreign invaders. They first distinguished itself during the Jürchen invasion of northern Kyūshū in 1019 and rose to prominence during the Mongol invasions of Japan, when the heroism of Kikuchi Takefusa helped drive back the enemy.
The Kikuchi were active in the Kenmu Restoration (1333-1336), an attempt by the emperor Go-Daigo to reassert imperial authority against the Kamakura shogunate.

Kikuchi Noritaka / Fujiwara no Noritaka 藤原則隆 - Heian period
Kikuchi Jirō Takefusa (菊池次郎武房) (1245 – 1285)
Kikuchi Yuriko (1505–1554) - The last and 26th head of the Kikuchi Clan ...
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

菊池一族 The Kikuchi Clan
阿蘇品保夫 Asoshina Yasuo

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. Satsuma Kaido 薩摩街道 Satsuma Highway .

Bungo Kaido (this page)

. Buzen Kaido 豊前街道 Buzen Highway .

. Hyuga Kaido 日向街道 Hyuga Highway .

. Miike Kaido 三池街道 / Miike Okan 三池往還 Miike Road . - Kumamoto

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

豊後国直入地方の民間伝承 Legends from the Naoiri region of Bungo.
長山源雄　Nagayama Motoo

shiratori 白鳥 a white bird
The emperor 景行天皇 Keiko Tenno (大足彦天皇) had dispatched 菟名手（うなて）Unate (Unade), an ancestor of the Bungo regents, to Bungo, to the village 中臣村 Nakatomi.
He saw a white bird coming from the North and caught it.
The bird turned into mochi 餅 rice cakes, then into many thousand ietsuimo 芋草 plants.
So the Emperor named this area 豊国 Bungo "rich and plentiful land".

. Buzen Kaido 豊前街道 Buzen Highway .
and Emperor Keikō (景行天皇, Keikō-tennō) (13 BC - 130)

.................................................................................　Oita 大分県
直入郡 Naoiri district 柏原村 Kashiwara village

sakana 魚 fish
Once upon a time
a man from the hamlet Hiroto caught a large fish at the riverside 黒太郎淵 Kurotarobuchi.
He wanted to carry it home in the net when he heard a voice from the river and the fish answered.
Afraid the man hung the net on a pine tree and run away as fast as he could.

.................................................................................　Kumamoto 熊本県
菊池郡 Kikuchi district 大津町 Ozu town

. amagoi 雨乞いと伝説 Legends about rain rituals / Regenzauber .
At the Shrine in 肥後の真木村 Maki village in Higo the main festival is on the 15th day of the 10th lunar month.
Even if the day starts out fine, there will be a lot of rain later on.
If the day starts with clouds, there will be no rain later on.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

. Edo, Tokyo　江戸 - 東京 - 伝説 Legends Index .
26 豊後国 (01)
66 豊後

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Edo - the EDOPEDIA -

12/14/2019

Bungo Kaido Highway

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