Edo - the EDOPEDIA -: - -

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8/14/2014

Edo Crafts

■ Traditional Technologies and Techniques

1 - Line sketching of lettering: 文字の素描き
Japanese characters are applied in outline to lanterns using a menso-fude 面相筆 (a fine-point brush). This is done by following a rough sketch outline drawn in advance. (The method for doing this was developed in the 1750s).

2 - Line sketching of family crest(s): 家紋の素描き
Family crest(s) are painted on lanterns in outline using a menso-fude 面相筆. This is done by following a rough sketch outline drawn in advance. (The method for doing this was developed in the 1750s).

3 - Painting in: 塗り込み
Outlined characters and crests are painted in. If thin or diluted ink is being used, dosa どうさ液 (a protective liquid called "sizing" in English) is also applied to prevent smearing. (The method for doing this was developed in the 1750s).

■ Traditionally Used Raw Materials
Hibukuro chochin (literally "fire bag lanterns"):
These lanterns are hung up by themselves (without a pole). The skeleton (ribbing) of the lantern is made of bamboo, the covering over the skeleton is made of washi (traditional Japanese paper). ) Takahari chochin and other types: Takahari chochin are parade lanterns that are hung from long poles. They have been used since the 1700s.
火袋高張提灯等（１７００年代から使用）

■ History and Characteristics
It is recognized that in the Muromachi Period (1337-1573), the earliest examples of Chochin lanterns were being used at the start of the 16th century during the Bunki Era (1501-1504). The lanterns used then were said to be kago-chochin 籠提灯 (lanterns inside bamboo baskets). Prototypes of what would later become the modern collapsible chochin are believed to have been created during the Tenbun Era (1532-1555). During the following Azuchi-Momoyama Period (1573-1596), chochin adopted the form of a skeleton of thin split-bamboo hoops covered by paper. Such lanterns came equipped with a flat base for housing a candle. This design resulted in lanterns that could be expanded and collapsed at will. Chochin use subsequently became widespread during the Edo Period (1603-1868).

From the mid Edo Period onward, a great number of craftsmen skilled in calligraphy and brushwork resided in Edo's Asakusa district. Wholesaling systems were developed in the Meiji Era (1868-1912), this resulted in a growing division of tasks between chochin production processes and character/crest decoration processes. Even today, some Tokyo craftsmen make a living based on writing Japanese characters on finished hibukuro 火袋 ("fire bag lanterns"). The Japanese characters written on chochin are generally referred to as being in the Edo moji style (the Edo lettering style), and such chochin calligraphers also prepare senjafuda, slips of paper bearing pilgrim names that are affixed to the gates of Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples. Although lettering is written inside an outlined area on senjafuda 千社札, chochin lack such restrictions. This leads to a slightly more free-flowing calligraphy style. Furthermore, painting family crests on chochin differs from applying them to kimono, in that the former are painted in black ink on a white background. Crests are painted in a way that facilitates visibility from a distance, and unique methods are utilized to achieve a balanced appearance.

Tokyo Paper Lantern Manufacturing Guild
7-7-2 Minamisenju, Arakawa Ward, Tokyo
- source : www.sangyo-rodo.metro.tokyo.jp

. choochin 提灯 lanterns of Japan .

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- - - To join me on facebook, click the image !

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. shokunin 　職人 craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. - Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

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- #crafts #edocrafts #edotokyocrafts -
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9/10/2013

Architecture

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Japanese Architecture - technical terms

Nihon Kenchiku 日本建築 Japanese Architecture - then and now

under construction
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. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .
- Introduction -
a long list of rooms and items

. My collection in facebook .

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arakabe 荒壁　/ 粗壁 "rough wall"

daikokubashira 大黒柱 central pillar, "Daikoku pillar"

gootenjoo, goo-tenjoo 格天井 coffered ceiling

. hafu 破風 / 搏風 gable, gables .
karahafu, kara hafu, kara-hafu 唐破風 "Chinese Gable"
chidori hafu 千鳥破風,
sugaruhafu 縋破風,
irimoya hafu 入母屋破風,
chigi 千木,
aori hafu 障泥破風

. hari, ryoo 梁 beam, crossbeam .

hashira 柱 pillar / 太柱 thick pillar

ie 家 house, home

. iori, an 　庵 thatched hut, hut, hermitage .

iriguchi 入口 entrance - door
- deguchi 出口 exit
- hijooguchi 非常口 emergency exit
- kadoguchi 門口 gate
- katteguchi　勝手口　kitchen door
- tobira 扉
- toguchi 戸口 door
- uraguchi 裏口 back door

. jinja　神社　shrines - a LIST .

kabe 壁 wall
. namakokabe　海鼠壁 namako walls .

kaidan 階段 stairs, stairway

kamoi 鴨居 a head jamb

. kasugai 鎹 / かすがい clamp, cramp, cleat, staple .

. kugi 釘 all kinds of nails .
and
kugikakushi, kugi kakushi 釘隠し "hiding the nails" nail-hiding ornament

kura 蔵 storehouse
. WKD : Storehouse, warehouse (kura) .

mon 門 gate / hei 塀 fence
. WKD : mon 門　(kado .

muna 棟 large building (munagi 棟木 ridgepole)

nageshi 長押 horizontal piece of timber

- - - pagpda

. shakan, sakan 左官 plasterer, stucco master - making walls .

shikidai genkan 式台玄関 special entrance for the Tonosama lord.

shiki-i 敷居 wooden groove for sliding doors

. shiro 城 castle, fortress - Burg, Schloss .

sujikai 筋交い diagonal brace

taruki 垂木 rafter

tenjoo 天井 ceiling / ichimai tenjjoo 一枚天井 (Higashiyama)

. - tera　寺　て Temples - a LIST - .

udatsu - udachi, odatsu or odachi うだつ / 卯建 / 宇立 special roof struts - "sleeve wall"
. WKD : udatsu - fire-preventing wall .

yane 屋根 roof

- - - and a few more
source : HAIKUreikuDB

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- - - - - Reference, Books and Links

The Roof in Japanese Buddhist Architecture
Mary Neighbour Parent

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Japanese Buddhist architecture
is the architecture of Buddhist temples in Japan, consisting of locally developed variants of architectural styles born in China.[1] After Buddhism arrived the continent via Three Kingdoms of Korea in the 6th century, an effort was initially made to reproduce original buildings as faithfully as possible, but gradually local versions of continental styles were developed both to meet Japanese tastes and to solve problems posed by local weather, which is more rainy and humid than in China.
The first Buddhist sects were Nara's six Nanto Rokushū (南都六宗 Nara six sects), followed during the Heian period by Kyoto's Shingon and Tendai. Later, during the Kamakura period, in Kamakura were born the Jōdo and the native Japanese sect Nichiren-shū. At roughly the same time Zen Buddhism arrived from China, strongly influencing all other sects in many ways, including architecture. The social composition of Buddhism's followers also changed radically with time. In the beginning it was the elite's religion, but slowly it spread from the noble to warriors, merchants and finally to the population at large. On the technical side, new woodworking tools like the framed pit saw and the plane allowed new architectonic solutions.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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8/06/2013

Daimyo Yashiki

CLICK for more photos.

The local lords had to have a residence in Edo at all times.

buke yashiki 武家屋敷 samurai residence

. daimyoo　大名 Daimyo, Lord of a Domain .

. buke yashiki 武家屋敷 at Katsuyama, Okayama .

shimo yashiki 下屋敷
naka yashiki 中屋敷
kami yashiki 上屋敷

quote
One of the residences granted to daimyou 大名 by the Edo government, as part of the system where feudal lords were compelled to spend alternate years away from their provinces, in Edo.
A daimyou's main residence in Edo was called kamiyashiki 上屋敷; the shimoyashiki, located outside of central Edo, was an additional residence used as a refuge in emergencies, or as a holiday retreat. Another spare Edo residence was the nakayashiki 中屋敷, usually inhabited by the younger generation who will succeed to the daimyou.
source : JAANUS

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. Kanda - The Estate of Lord Matsudaira 松平屋敷 .

under construction
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quote
"Waterfront of Edo and Daimyo Yashiki"
Shinsuke Kaneyuki

This report focused on the visual relationship between daimyo yashiki (daimyo's residence) and water, through old pictures and photos.

Many mansions of daimyo were built along the waterfront and along the Sumida River in Edo. Many of them were shimo yashiki (a spare residence of daimyo located in the suburbs) with gardens, where the view toward the ocean or a river was important as borrowed landscape (shakkei) of the garden. For example, Hamayashiki of Sadanobu Matsudaira (Fig.1 Fukagawa) was built for water view from a shed called Shogetsusai, by borrowing the ocean view as the pond in the garden. In other mansions for daimyo, creative spaces for water view were commonly found such as a kind of lookout tower and tsukiyama (artificial hill in a garden). Meanwhile, the mansions with water view were not limited to waterside shimo yashiki; mansions on the upland of Yamanote (High City) had often the view of the bay of Edo.

The third storey lookout tower in a daimyo yashiki was based on the awareness of water view. Naka yashiki of the domain of Shimabara (Shimabara han) of Mita had three- storey building called "Tsukinami-rou", which was compared to Tungting lake (洞庭湖) and Yueyang tower (岳陽楼) in China ("Views of famed edo spots"). Other three-storey buildings were naka yashiki of Matsuyama-han on the north side of the Tsukinami-rou, Shimoyashiki of Shibata-han (Fig.2 Kobikicho), and kami yashiki of Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family (wthin the Hitotsubashi-mon (gate)). The characteristics of "culture of view" in Edo focusing on the visual relationship with "water" can be seen in the locations or buildings of daimyo yashiki.

On the other hand, the buildings of daimyo yashiki composed the view of urban space of Edo. Though excluded from the list of notable spots, daimyo yashiki had been the original architecture of the Capital, Edo, attracting attentions of people by their magnificent facade. While daimyo yashiki can rarely be found in pictures, they had been often drawn in combination with water; e.g., kami yashiki of Saga-han (within the Yamashita-mon) painted in "Edo Shokei" by Hiroshige Ando, kami yashiki of Hikone-han (Fig.3, Sotosakurada) and kami yashiki of Nobeoka-han (Fig4, Toranomon). The waterside mansions were painted as a beautiful notable spot, and the water provided the spatial spread highlighting the architecture.

Fig. 5

In the Meiji era, mansions of nobility often took over former daimyo yashiki along the Sumida river, such as Hakozakitei of Yamauchi family (former lord of Tosa-han) (Fig.5 Shimo yashiki of former Tayasu-Tokugawa family). These residences had gardens and buildings with scenery, obtained by famous feudal domains in the early years of Meiji. This fact may show that water view had been considered as one of the values of a residence.

Photos :
source : eco-history.ws.hosei.ac.jp

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- - - - - H A I K U - - - - -

. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .

大名の鶯弟子に持にけり
daimyoo no uguisu deshi ni mochi ni keri

the war lord's
nightingale
is an apprentice
Tr. David Lanoue

. WKD : Warlords and Samurai in Edo .

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