furugi old robes

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furugi 古着 old robes, old cloths

The most common robes and cloths of the Edo period
. Kimono, Yukata, Nagajuban and more .

When they got old, they joined the marked for used and second-hand clothes and robes.

furugiya 古着屋　a second-hand clothing store

They belonged to a group if eight recycle businesses in Edo

happinshoo 八品商
. Recycling and Reuse in Edo .
The government kept an eye on them, because sometimes their merchandise was stolen.


. shitateya 仕立屋　/ 仕立て屋 tailor, seamstress .
They were also part of the recycle business of old robes.
kogire 古裂れ old pieces of cloth, size did not matter, small pieces were also available.
kamawanu - 構わぬ never mind (the size), became kamawanu 鎌わぬ.

kogireya 古裂れ屋 / 端切れ屋 dealer in old pieces of cloth, ready to be re-sewn.
tsugihagi, tsugi-hagi 継ぎ接ぎ patching and darning was also popular.

for mitaoshiya 見倒し屋 second-hand dealer, see below
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furugi kai　古着買い　buyer of old cloths

They were the beginning of the shops dealing with old and used robes. The government kept an eye on them, because sometimes the merchandise was stolen.
Many stores started at Tomizawa-cho 富沢町 close to Nihonbashi.
One of the first known dealers was
Tobisawa Jinnai　鳶沢甚内. He was a samurai of the Odawara clan and became the boss of a thieve's group, after his domaine was abolished. When peace returned to Japan, he settled as a cloth merchant. Soon many followed him and one small quarter was named after him, Tobisawa cho 鳶沢町.

Some buyers even got the old robes from poor people who had died. They had to wait until the funeral was well over, to make sure the dead had reached Paradise and would not come back to claim his robes before they could sell this merchandise.

When the dealers walked through town, there were usually two of them. The beginning of this custom is legend:
Once there was a dealer who became too ill to carry the pole with the merchandise himself, so he had his son follow him to carry the burden. This was well observed and soon imitated by others.

Tomizawachoo 富沢町 Tomizawa Cho district
中央区 Chuo ward.



. Place names of Edo - Introduction .

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furugiya, furugi-ya 古着屋 dealer in old cloths


source :　simofuri.com/recycle

Around 1723 there were more than 1180 stores in Edo, most of them members of a special guild 同業組合.
Most kept their merchandise in a shop, others employed peddlers to offer them in a wider area of Edo.
Some sold complete kimono and robes,



others had them taken apart (furugire　古切れ）and sold the material separate.



source :　ginjo.fc2web.com
　「柳原土手に並ぶ古着屋」 Yanagiwara Dote 　江戸東京博物館蔵

Many shops were along the river Kandagawa from 万世橋 Manseibashi bridge to Asakusabashi bridge,
an area called the 柳原土手　Yanagiwara dote　river bank.



. Recycling and Reuse in Edo .

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In Osaka and Kyoto, the shops were called
furuteya, furute-ya 古手屋

They were even the subject of rakugo comic stories, for example "Kanjo Ita 勘定板".
The shop at Sakasuri jinja 大坂船場の坐摩神社 is especially famous.


古手屋喜十 為事覚え by 宇江佐真理 Ueza Mari

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takeuma furugi uri 竹馬古着売り / 竹馬古着屋
selling old cloths hanging on a "bamboo horse" (takeuma) carried over the shoulder



In the year 1629 a certain 家城太郎治 prepared a hanger with four legs from bamboo, like stilts (takeuma 竹馬)
to carry his merchandise of old robes around town. He started from Tokiwabashi 常盤橋.
First the front part of the hanger was high and looked like the head of a horse, with the merchandise covered by a large furoshiki cloth when walking around. Later front and bottom became the same hight, but it was still a "bamboo horse".
The ladies came soon to buy, because his ware was cheap, even if the material was faded or torn.

Other stores at Tomizawa-cho 富沢町 and Tachibana-cho 橘町 soon followed.

The town government soon produced some laws for dealing with
kobutsu shoo 古物商 "dealing with old things" .
古物商 へ売買定法再令

furumono kai　古物買い　to buy old things
shoku akindo 職商人（しょくあきんど) they bought old things and repaired them.

in our modern times they are sometimes called
risaikuru shoppu リサイクルショップ　recycle shop



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mitaoshiya　見倒し屋 / 見倒屋 second-hand dealer


source :　wishpafupafu.blog110.fc2.com

An important recycle business in Edo for used things, including all kobutsu shoo 古物商 dealers in "old things".

mitaosu, mi-taosu 見倒す means to "look down", to underrate, under-value.

The dealers would take a look down at the shoes of the new client to judge his status, then at the things he brought to the shop, and underrate them quite a bit accordingly to make a good deal.
Therefore many Edokko 江戸っ子 "true men of Edo" took great care to have expensive-looking footware.


見倒しは刀を差して鍋をさげ
mitaoshi wa katana o sashite nabe o sage

things get under-valued -
be it a sword
be it a cooking pot

and on his way home

　the mitaoshiya
wears a sword
and dangles a cooking pot


The mitaoshiya could not afford to feel sorry for his clients, even if they brought the valuables and mementos of a deceased family member -
and yet sometimes this happens -

見倒屋ついでに後家も仲人し
mitaoshiya tsuide ni goke mo nakoodo shi

the mitaoshiya
in the course of time finds a husband
for the widow . . .

nakoodo 仲人 is a go-between for a couple.




隠れ岡っ引 見倒し屋鬼助事件控
by 喜安 幸夫 (著), ヤマモト マサアキ (イラスト)

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行春や我を見たをす古着買
yuku haru ya ware o mitaosu furugigai

spring departs -
the old clothes buyer
ignores me

. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .
Tr. David Lanoue

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. - Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .


. Japanese Architecture - cultural keywords used in haiku .

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nori starch glue

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nori 糊 starch, glue

nori 糊 natural glue (rice starch) was used when changing paper for the sliding doors, for example. It was also used for robes.
Another name is  himenori 姫糊 "princess nori glue".

. kan nori 寒糊 (かんのり) glue made in the cold .
from the root of the Tororo aoi plant.
kigo for winter


- quote
himenori 姫糊　"princess glue"
Paste is the basis of color and must be mixed on the block with the pigment by use of a brush. The process must be done only just before printing, and not previously. This gives substantial body to the pigment and thus secures its uniform application to the block. It should be noted that this procedure is not for the purpose of making the pigment adhere to the paper. If too much paste is used, the paper will stick to the block and cannot be removed.

The paste, which is called himenori, is made of refined rice and water in the proportion of 50 grams (1.78 ounces) of rice to 340cc (.72 pint) of water. The method of preparing the paste is as follows:

The refined rice is placed in 50 cc of water and allowed to stand for two or three days.
When the rice has fully absorbed the water, the mixture is placed in a suribachi (earthenware mortar) and pounded until it is of uniform consistency.
The mixture is then placed in a pan with the remaining 290cc of water and set on a heater. During the heating process the mixture must be stirred constantly with a spatular stick.
As the mixture comes to a boil it begins to turn translucent. It must be removed from the heater at the moment when it becomes about seventy percent translucent. This is the most important part of the procedure.
Stirring must be continued vigorously until the mixture becomes tepid and returns to a more or less opaque condition.
Next, particles of foreign matter and grains of rice that have escaped the pounding process must be removed by squeezing the mixture through a cotton-cloth bag.

The consistency of the paste should be the same as that of cooked oatmeal. But for the purpose of pasting a hanshita, this must be as dense as that of cold cream, the water proportion being reduced by one-third at preparation. If it were boiled, it would soon lose the requisite consistency later on. It should be sufficiently fluid to be poured into another container, but thick enough so a drop smaller than thumb-tip size clings to the end of a stick.
- source : woodblock.com/encyclopedia


under construction
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nori uri, nori-uri 　糊売り　vendor of starch
himenori uri 姫糊売り


Starch to be used after washing a kimono was sold in units of 1 mon.
The outfit of a vendor was almost like a tofu vendor with two tubs on a pole over the shoulders.
They uses two spatula made from bamboo to scoop the starch out of their buckets into a pot offered by the customer.

It was often sold by old ladies. On rainy days people did not to any washing, so the old ladies (baba　ばば、ばあー) did not have to go out.

Noriya no baasan 糊屋の婆さん A Rakugo story.


. Doing Business in Edo　- 江戸の商売 .

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norioke, nori-oke 糊桶 tub for glue

Here is a sample from workers putting new paper on sliding doors.


糊桶または糊盥, nori tarai


look carefully at the lower right to find the detail above  . . .



- Great source for checking out the tools of glueing paper on sliding doors
- source : db.ebiki.jp/annotations

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- quote
Shita-kiri Suzume (舌切り雀 shita-kiri suzume)
"Tongue-Cut Sparrow"
is a traditional Japanese fable telling of a kind old man, his avaricious wife and an injured sparrow. The story explores the effects of greed, friendship and jealousy on the characters.

The plot
Once upon a time there lived a poor old woodcutter with his wife, who earned their living by cutting wood and fishing. The old man was honest and kind but his wife was arrogant and greedy. One morning, the old man went into the mountains to cut timber and saw an injured sparrow crying out for help. Feeling sorry for the bird, the man takes it back to his home and feeds it some rice to try to help it recover. His wife, being very greedy and rude, is annoyed that he would waste precious food on such a small little thing as a sparrow. The old man, however, continued caring for the bird.

The man had to return to the mountains one day and left the bird in the care of the old woman, who had no intention of feeding it. After her husband left, she went out fishing. While she was gone, the sparrow got into some starch that was left out and eventually ate all of it. The old woman was so angry upon her return that she cut out the bird's tongue and sent it flying back into the mountains from where it came.



Katsushika Hokusai

The old man went searching for the bird and, with the help of other sparrows, found his way into a bamboo grove in which the sparrow's inn was located. A multitude of sparrows greeted him and led him to his friend, the little sparrow he saved. The others brought him food and sang and danced for him.

Upon his departure, they presented him with a choice of a large basket or a small basket as a present. Being an older man, he chose the small basket as he thought it would be the least heavy. When he arrived home, he opened the basket and discovered a large amount of treasure inside. The wife, learning of the existence of a larger basket, ran to the sparrow's inn in the hope of getting more treasure for herself. She chose the larger basket but was warned not to open it before getting home.

Such was her greed that the wife could not resist opening the basket before she returned to the house. To her surprise, the box was full of deadly snakes and other monsters. They startled her so much that she tumbled all the way down the mountain, presumably to her death.

Moral
- The purity of friendship overcomes the evil of greed and jealousy.
- Greed only leads to one's own demise.
- source : wikipedia


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- quote
nikawa　膠
A transparent or semi-transparent animal glue, used as a binder *baizai 媒剤, and an adhesive.
Nikawa is durable and elastic, although it loses flexibility with age. It is made from the skins, bones, tendons and intestines of animals or fish skins and bones, which are boiled in water to extract gelatin. Excess water is evaporated away, and after cooling leaves a jelly-like glue. Nikawa does not dissolve in cold water, but can be dissolved when heated.

A solution of a few percent concentration is used in Japanese painting *nihonga 日本画 to adhere the pigments *ganryou 顔料 and fix them to the picture surface. Nikawa is mixed with alum to make *dousa 礬水 for sizing paper and is used as a primary coat in oil painting, abura-e 油絵.

Nikawa has many uses as an adhesive for wood, paper and cloth, and acts as binder for substances such as the white pigment *gofun 胡粉, and *tonoko 砥の粉, applied to statues before painting.
- source : JAANUS


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. noridarai, nori darai 糊盥 glue tub .


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. - Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .


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abura uri oil vendor

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. Places of Edo - Introduction .
- for 金剛寺 Kongo-Ji, see below
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abura uri 油売り oil vendor, oil peddler



Abura no Kamisama 油の神様 Deity of Oil
Rikyu Hachimangu Shrine in Oyamazaki-cho

At the temple Enryaku-Ji on Mount Hieizan in Kyoto there is an "eternal flame" and all lanterns are kept alight since more than 1000 years.
The lanters use oil flames for light,
and the oil 油 YU should not be "cut off" 断 DAN,
so the flame could continue to light the temple and show the way to enlightenment for the visitors.

This is the origin of the saying
yudan taiteki 油断大敵 Do not be inattentive.

. yudan taiteki　油断大敵 Be attentive ! .

. Aburahi Daimyoojin 油日大明神 Aburahi Daimyojin Deity .
油日神社 Aburahi Shrine, Shiga and aburabi, aburahi 油火 "oil fire"

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The oil vendor had to make sure he got the right amount to pour into the flask his customer had placed in front of him. This took a long time and so the proverb says:

abura o uru 油を売る to sell oil
goof off when you should be working
to spend time chitchatting or to waste time in the middle of a task

- quote
In old Japan, there were roadside merchants who specialized in the selling of oil for cooking and other household purposes. Even then, cooking oil was a low-margin commodity. Therefore, this occupation did not provide a very high level of income.

There are no longer roadside oil merchants in Japan, but the phrase abura o uru has become a metaphor for any low-value-added activity. The expression usually refers to office workers who putter about doing meaningless tasks, or spend too much time at the coffee machine or in the smoking area.
- source : www.japanese123.com

油売り油はうれず油売る
abura-uri abura wa urezu abura uru

the oil vendor
does not sell any oil
but oils the conversation

- reference - proverb japan abura uru


source : gakuyaura.chesuto.jp

oil vendor from the Hokusai Manga 北斎漫画

He carried two barrels with oil on his pole. The barrels were laced with copper in the inside.

The most common was rapeseed oil for lamps (tane abura 種油）.

Egoma oil 荏胡麻油 / 荏油 was used for lighting up the Imperial Court, shrines and temples. Then gradually it spread and come to used by the general public.

Tsubaki abura 椿油 camellia oil was used for the beauty care of the ladies.

Gyoyu 魚油 fish oil was used for lamps.

Goma-abura　ごま油 sesame oil was used for cooking.

When dispensing oil, the vendors got their hands dirty and had to carry some straw to wipe the hands clean.

打ち藁を手ぬぐいにする油売り
uchiwara o tenugui ni suru abura uri

the oil vendor
uses cut straw as a towel
to wipe his hands

. tenugui 手ぬぐい　small hand towels .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu in Edo .

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. Places of Edo - Introduction .

Tooriaburachoo, Tōriabura-chō　通油町 Toriaburacho District - Tori-abura



Many shops of the oil vendors were located in this district, now part of Nihonbashi, Ōdenma-chō district.
In the nearby districts were many lodgings and oil sold well for lamps and lanterns, since travelers used to leave the lodging at 4 in the morning, when it was still dark outside.



There were also many publishers and book stores in Toriaburacho. The most famous was
Senkakudoo, Senkakudō 仙鶴堂、鶴屋喜右衛門 Senkakudo, Tsuruya Kiemon.
The first Kiemon died in 1788, but his heir continued the publishing house.



In the late Edo period, Ukiyo-e (woodblock prints of everyday life in the Edo period) produced in Edo were known as "Nishiki-e" (brocade pictures) on account of their bountiful colors, and were extremely popular Edo miyage (Edo souvenirs). Ukiyo-e were sold by publishers called jihon-donya or ezoshi-ya who handled unique Edo books, and they contributed significantly to the development of Edo culture. This picture shows the front of the Tōriabura-chō branch shop of Tsuruya Kiemon, a publisher whose main shop was located in Kyoto. Their Edo branch operated as both a shomotsu-donya (publishers of regular books) and a jihon-donya.
- source : library.metro.tokyo.jp -

Publishers and vendors or calendars 江戸暦問屋 also used to live here.
. 江戸暦 The Edo Calendar .


. shuppansha 出版社 publishing company, book publisher .
ABC - Introduction

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source :　www.eonet.ne.jp/~kumonoue
山崎油売り oil vendor from Yamasaki

宵ごとに都へ出づる油売り
ふけてのみ見る山崎の月

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. aburazara, abura-zara 油皿 oil dish, oil plate .

to be put under a portable room lantern (andon 行燈). They were frequently used in every household until the electric light took over.

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abura boozu, aburaboozu 　油坊主 Aburabo oil monk



- quote
This tsuba illustrates the 12th-century story of the oil monk from Yasaka shrine in Kyoto.
On a stormy night, reports circulated in the city of a fire-breathing monster. Taira no Tadamori went out to capture the monster and discovered that it was actually a poor monk walking to Yasuka shrine. He was carrying an oil lamp that emitted flames when he blew on it.
The monk is on the right side of tsuba, carrying the lamp and an umbrella. The moon and a small bird in flight are at the upper left. The rain is highlighted in gold.
On the back, the gate to Yasuka shrine is depicted.
- source : art.thewalters.org



source :　ukiyoe.cocolog-nifty.com

平忠盛 Taira no Tadamori and 油坊主 abura boozu

Taiso Yoshitoshi (1839-1892) - Tadamori and the Oil Thief
- source : Floating World Gallery -

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Abura-bo 油坊 Oil Priest, Oil Monk


- reference : wikipedia -

A fireball (kaiki) yokai from Shiga and Kyoto. The spirts of dead priests who were oil thieves.
They are cursed to haunt as Abura-bo after their deaths.

and

Abura-sumashi 油すまし "Oil Presser", "oil wringer"
A Yokai from Kumamoto.


- reference : wikipedia -

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

...................................................................................................................... Kyoto 京都府
京都市 Kyoto City

rinka. onibi 燐火 will‐o'‐the‐wisp
The will‐o'‐the‐wisp light apprearing in a summer night is called 油坊 Abura Bo.

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. Dogen　道元禅師　Zen Priest Dogen .
Once a man stole some of the sacred oil for the lamp at 比叡山 Mount Hieizan.
When he died his spirit became a rinka 燐火 will‐o'‐the‐wisp and flew around in sommer nights.
The light at 七条朱雀 Shijo Kujaku from 道元 Dogen is probably from this flame.
This kind of story is told in many parts of Japan.




...................................................................................................................... Shiga 滋賀県
Shiga 野洲郡 Yasu district // 比叡山

aburabo 油坊 "oil monk" lights can be seen from late spring to early summer.
The light looks like a monk, hence the name.
They say a monk who stole sacred oil from the lamp at Mound Hieizan turned into this ghost.
. Hieizan 比叡山 Mount Hiei Legends .

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Shiga 愛知郡 Aichi district 秦荘町 Hatasho town // 金剛寺 Kongo-Ji

Once upon a time, at 金剛寺 the Temple Kongo-Ji there was a priest
who came every morning to pour some oil into the lamp.
One day the priest wanted to do something malicious and stole some oil to make it to money.
When he wanted to go out to enjoy himself he could not move and died soon.
The next morning a priest at the temple gate heard of a ghost showing there.
This ghost carried some oil and walked up to the main hall. The priest heard a voice:
「油返そう、油返そう。わずかなことに、わずかなことに」.
"I bring back some oil, just a little, just a little!"
This aburabo 油坊 oil monk can be seen to our days.

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高知県 Kochi / Kongo-Ji

佐蹉跎山金剛寺七不思議 Seven wonders from Temple Kongo-Ji
龍の駒笹
一眼一足の笹
不増不減の水
天燈
午時の雨
搖ぎ石
潮満ち石

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長野県 Nagano 上田市 Ueda city // 金剛寺 Kongo-Ji

ji ishi 爺石 Grandpa Stone， ba ishi 婆石 Grandma Stone
Once upon a time
a rich old couple from Matsushiro wanted to visit the home of their daughter in Ueda, where their grandchild had been born.
They were carried in a palanquin over the pass 地蔵峠 Jizo Toge.
But the palanquin bearers were two bad men.
When they came to the pass 金剛寺峠 Kongoji Toge, they stole the money of the couple and threw tha palanquin down the valley.
Grandpa rolled down, hit a stone and turned into a stone himself, the Grandpa Stone.
Grandma reached a forest and turned into Grandma Stone.
The palanquin stopped at a small Shrine for Yamanokami and turned into Kago Ishi 籠岩, the Palanquin Stone.


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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -

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. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

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- #aburauri #aburabozu #aburapriest #tadamori -

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Ishikawa Eisuke Books

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Ishikawa Eisuke Ishikawa 石川英輔

He wrote many books about Edo and the Edo period and often appears on TV.




Eisuke Ishikawa is a writer who specializes in the environmental and ecological issues in the Edo period (1603-1867). He is also a lecturer at Musashino Art University. His recent books introduce wisdom of sustainable living in the Edo period from the angles of technology, energy, resource management, and recycling systems of the period.

The Sun and the Forests
from "The Edo Period had an Ecological Society"
Japanese rice farming was inseparable from the surrounding nature. In other words, it was a combined output of neighboring forests, rich soil produced by the forests, and abundant water that contains natural fertilizing elements and micronutrients gradually discharged from the soil.
- source : www.asianresearch.org



- quote
石川 英輔（いしかわ えいすけ、1933年9月30日 - ）
作家、SF作家、江戸文化研究者、写真・印刷技術研究者。京都府生まれ。東京都立石神井高等学校卒業。国際基督教大学、東京都立大学理学部中退。

- - - SFパロディ・シリーズ -SF parodies
SF西遊記
SF三国志
SF水滸伝
SF妙法蓮華経（文庫化時に『未来妙法蓮華経』と改題）

- - - 大江戸神仙伝シリーズ - Oedo series
大江戸神仙伝
大江戸仙境録
大江戸遊仙記
大江戸仙界紀
いな吉江戸暦（文庫化時に『大江戸仙女暦』
大江戸仙花暦
大江戸妖美伝

- - - 江戸研究本 - Studies about EDD
江戸空間 100万都市の原景
大江戸えねるぎー事情
大江戸テクノロジー事情
大江戸生活事情
泉光院江戸旅日記 山伏が見た江戸期庶民のくらし（文庫化時に『大江戸泉光院旅日記』と改題）
大江戸リサイクル事情
大江戸ボランティア事情（田中優子との共著）
雑学「大江戸庶民事情」
大江戸生活体験事情（田中優子との共著）
大江戸えころじ－事情
大江戸番付づくし 江戸の暮らしとホンネ
江戸のまかない 大江戸庶民事情（文庫化にあたり、『大江戸庶民いろいろ事情』と改題）
大江戸開府四百年事情
ニッポンのサイズ 身体ではかる尺貫法
大江戸八百八町知れば知るほど
江戸と現代 0と10万キロカロリーの世界
解いて楽しい!! 大江戸ドリル
ニッポンの旅 江戸達人と歩く東海道

and many more
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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大江戸えころじー事情 - 石川英輔

This book has been translated into English.

Japan for Sustainability (JFS)
Sustainability in Japan's Edo Period -- 300 Years Ago!

Sustainability in EDO (1603-1867)
Japan in the Edo Period - An Ecologically-Conscious Society",
("O-edo ecology jijo" ) 大江戸えころじ－事情
by Eisuke Ishikawa.
The requests for more information on the sustainable society in the Edo period were overwhelming, which prompted us to contact the author for his permission to translate the book for this website.

Chapter One - The Sun and Petroleum
Chapter 2 - Darker Side of Convenience
Chapter 3 - Unpaved Roads Play as a Natural Air Conditioner
Chapter 4 - Living with Nature's Cycle
Chapter 5 - The Sun and the Forests
Chapter 6 - Know when you have enough
Chapter 7 - Starting Out Slowly
Chapter 8 - The Principle of Nishiki-e

Chapter 9 - Made to Last (Part 1 : The life of a yukata)
Chapter 9 - Made to Last (Part 2 : Anathema to Economic Growth)
Chapter 9 - Made to Last (Part 3 : Do We Need Economic Growth?)
Chapter 9 - Made to Last (Part 4 : Making things easy to repair)
Chapter 9 - Made to Last (Part 5 : Re-use is better than recycle)

Chapter 10 - Amazing Diversity in Local Specialization
Chapter 11 - The Value of Time-consuming Efforts
Chapter 12 - From Outside to Inside
Chapter 13 - Nothing Comes out of Nothing
Chapter 14 - Recognizing Our Mistakes

- Read the translation HERE :
- source : Japan for Sustainability


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- - - - - Books by Eisuke Ishikawa

Oedo century dwelling place of hermits

Oedo common situation - catering of Edo

Oedo ecology situation

Oedo energy saving circumstances

Oedo experience life circumstances

Oedo fairy calendar

Oedo fairyland record

Oedo fountain light travel diary Institute

Oedo life circumstances - seikatsu jijo

Oedo people circumstances - trivia
Oedo people - Various circumstances

Oedo ranking situation - banzuke

Oedo risaikuru jijo - recycling

Oedo Sen Hanagoyomi

Oedo technology situation

Oedo volunteer situation

Oedo Yobi Den


The 2050 Edo Period - simulation of the impact

Eco-era Edo period

Edo kukan: 100-man toshi no genkei

Four hundred years situation Oedo

Life Jikken Edo

I walk the Edo people Fifty-three Stages of the Tokaido

Ina Gil calendar Edo (Oedo immortal Den)

Senkoin Edo tabi nikki: Yamabushi ga mita Edoki shomin no kurashi

Shakkanho to measure body size of Japan

- source : www.amazon.com/Eisuke-Ishikawa


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世直し大江戸学


石川英輔 大江戸シリーズ / 大江戸遊仙記

- Take a look here :
- source : www.amazon.co.jp - Japanese

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Japanese rice farming was inseparable from the surrounding nature.

. Edo no noogyoo 江戸の農業 farming business in Edo .


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- - - To join me on facebook, click the image !

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. Japanese Architecture - cultural keywords used in haiku .

. - Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .


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Recycling and Reuse

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. Doing Business in Edo　- 江戸の商売 .
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Recycling and Reuse in Edo - リサイクル と　再生　/ 再使用
ekorojii エコロジー ecology in Edo
kaishuu 回収 kaishu, collecting things for re-use

This is part of the main entry about
. Doing Business in Edo　- 江戸の商売 .


Some of the people involved were already introduced as
. shuuriya　修理屋 repairmen in Edo .
xxx naoshi 直し, shuuriya　修理屋, shuuri shokunin　修理職人


happinshoo 八品商 eight recycle businesses in Edo
shichiya 質屋、furugiya 古着屋、furugikai 古着買い、furudooguya 古道具屋，kodooguya 小道具屋，karamonoya 唐物屋、furutetsuya 古鉄屋，furutetsukai 古鉄買い.
The government kept an eye on them, because sometimes the merchandise was stolen.


CLICK for photos !

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Recycling was the common way of life in Edo.
Anything could be used and re-used, repaired and re-repaired and in the end find its way in a warming fire,
since all things were made of natural material.

Some of the recycling business in Edo is listed below, but more is to come later.


Edo no risaikuru gyoo　江戸のリサイクル業　recycling business in Edo

- source : www.gakken.co.jp/kagakusouken

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Look at the long scroll HERE:
- source : www.jba.or.jp/top/bioschool


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- - - - - ABC-List of the business activities - - - - -

. abura uri　油売り　selling oil - and talking too much .

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. bafunkaki 馬糞掻き, bafun tori 馬糞とり horse-shit collectors .

. biwa yootoo uri　枇杷葉湯売り　selling biwa leaves as medicine .

. furudaru kai 古樽買い buying old barrels .

furugane kai, furukane kai 古金買い / 古かね買い buying scrap metal
furutetsu kai 古鉄買い buying scrap iron
kanamonoya 銅物屋(かなものや) dealer in scrap metal
furutetsu furugane 古鉄古金 / 古かね scrap iron and scrap metal
They bought old metal pots and pans and other metal items, which were beyond repair.
Metal could be melted and re-used.

. furugasa kai 古傘買い furui kasa, buying old umbrellas .

. furugiya 古着屋 / furugi kai　古着買い　dealer in old cloths .
..... furuteya, furute-ya 古手屋 in Kamigata

. furubone kai 古骨買い buying old parasols and umbrellas (the "bones") .


. haikai 灰買い buying ashes .

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harigane uri 針金売り selling wire


source :　www.japanknowledge.com

The old man on this image carries wires in both hands and has more around his neck.
It is possible they used their trade to collect information that might interest the Bakufu government
- like an onmitsu 隠密 spy.

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Edo no Eco 江戸のエコ Ecology in Edo
- source : members2.jcom.home.ne.jp

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. hiuchigama uri, hiuchi-gama uri　火打ち鎌売り selling tools to strike a fire .
"fire beating sickle" - store Masuya 升屋 near Shiba Shinmei 芝神明 shrine

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. kamikuzu kai 紙くず買い / kamikuzuya 紙屑屋 buying waste paper .
kamikuzu hiroi 紙屑拾い picking up used paper
- - - 古紙リサイクル recycling of waste paper

. kanzashi uri かんざし売り / 簪 selling hair pins and decorations .

. karamono kai 唐物買い buying Karamono .
karamonoya, karamono-ya, toobutsuya 唐物屋 dealing in Karamono
karamono, things from Kara (China or Korea)

. kaya 蚊帳 mosquito net - Moskitonetz .
- - - - - Oomi gaya 近江蚊帳 kaya net from Omi (near lake Biwa)
- - - - - kaya uri 蚊帳売り selling mosquito nets


. kashihonya, kashihon'ya 貸本屋 booklender, booklender
furuhonya, furu-honya 古本屋 selling old books in Edo .


. kenzanya, kenzan ya, kenzan-ya 献残屋 present-recycling merchants, dealers of gifts .

kodoogu kai 小道具買い buying Kodogu, small tools and props
mostly pottery, jewellery or other small art items

. kuzuya 屑屋 collecting waste paper, old cloths, old cotton pieces etc. .


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. mitaoshiya　見倒し屋 / 見倒屋 second-hand dealer .
. . . . . furumono kai　古物買い　to buy old things
. . . . . risaikuru shoppu リサイクルショップ　recycle shop


. nori 糊 starch, glue / himenori 姫糊 "princess nori glue". .
. . . . . nori uri, nori-uri 　糊売り　selling natural glue, starch


. oogi uri, oogi-uri 扇売り vendor of fans .
o-harai oogibako お払い扇箱 "Buying back fan boxes" / oharaibako

. ochanai, otchanai おちゃない.おちゃない collecting hair fallen to the ground .
and sell it to wig makers


. roosoku no nagare kai ロウソクの流れ買い buying candle wax drippings .

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. shichiya 質屋 pawn shop .

. shimogoe tori　下肥取り　collector of human manure, night soil collector .
- shooben kaishuu 小便回収 collecting urin - 立小便をする女 a woman doing it into a bucket
- funnyoo dai 糞尿代 for the landlord to collect

. shitateya 仕立屋　/ 仕立て屋 tailor, seamstress .

. sonryooya, sonryoo-ya 損料屋 Sonryo-Ya, rental agent .
kashimonoya 　貸物屋


. soroban naoshi 算盤直し / そろばん直し repairing the abacus .

. sumi uri, sumi-uri 炭売（すみうり） charcoal vendor .

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. tagaya 箍屋 hoop repairman, clamp repairman .

. takeuma furugi uri 竹馬古着売り / 竹馬古着屋 .
selling old cloths hanging on a "bamboo horse" (takeuma) carried over the shoulder

. take uri　竹売り bamboo vendor - susudake uri 煤竹売 seller of cleaning bamboo .

. taru kai, taru-kai 樽買い / taruya 樽屋 buying barrels .
furudaru kai 古樽買い buying old barrels

. tokkaebee とっかえべえ / tokkaebei とっかえべい
collector of old metal, gives a sweet (amedama) in return .

. tori no fun kai 鳥の糞買い buying "bird droppings" .
usuisu no fun 鶯の糞 nightingale droppings, traditional Japanese beauty secrets

. tsukegi uri　付木売り　selling wood scraps to light a fire .


. waribashi uri 割り箸 売り　selling disposable chopsticks .

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. yoojiten, yooji ten 楊枝店 Yoji, toothpick shop . - Asakusa



. zenigoza uri 銭蓙売り vendor of paper mats to place coins .
and
. zenisashi uri 銭緡売り / sashi-uri 繦売り vendor of money strings .
- - - - - - zenisashi, zeni-sashi 銭さし / 銭差／銭緡 string to keep the small coins

. zenzai uri 善哉売りselling sweet broth with Azuki beans .
- - zenzai is another name for shiruko.
shiruko uri 汁粉売り selling sweet broth with red Azuki beans

. zooriya　草履屋 vendors of straw sandals .

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. Odaiba お台場 - Minato ward .
A modern town, based of classic eco-friendly ideas !

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- quote
Edo Period Japan: A Model of Ecological Sustainability - Eisuke Ishikawa
The society ran as a very efficient closed loop system where all waste was used to support production and previously produced items were repaired and reused. In a closed loop system there is no waste produced that is not used. One simple example of this closed loop system is the use of night soil. Night soil is a term used for human excrement collected for fertilizer. Night soil collectors retrieved the waste during the night from city households and then transported it to outlying agricultural land. Farmers would pay for the night soil with either money, or with the crops grown from the highly fertile soil. This system meant human waste was no longer discarded as pollution, but utilized as very rich compost. This compost in turn created fertile soil for growing food, which was eaten by the people, who then created more night soil! The use of night soil could potentially keep cropland fertile indefinitely, increase yields, and did not pollute area water sources with added nutrients.


Night soil was carted from Edo to the outlying agricultural land
(Illustration © Azby Brown).

Passive solar, wood burning from gathered fallen branches, and human-powered machinery were the only energy sources available during the Edo Period. Every effort was made to work with, and not against, nature to support urban Edo. It is easy to romanticize the period, but it is worth noting that traditional pre-industrial agricultural practices were backbreaking. The difficult work paid off, however, with yields much higher than modern production methods can produce.

Craft guilds and craftspeople that specialized in repairing broken goods were not rare in the pre-industrial world, but Japan during the Edo Period was a uniquely closed-off island location where frugality was an important virtue and self-sufficiency was crucial to survival. Many craftspeople specialized in the repair of previously used items for reuse, or collected waste for use in new production. For example, clothes were mended and resold many times and household goods such as ceramics, metal pots, and umbrellas were repaired by specialized tradespeople. End-of-life materials such as used paper or candle drippings were collected and transformed into new products. Items were made to last generations and repaired until they had truly become useless. Materials and resources were reused or recycled many times until all potential utility had been realized.

This sustainable closed loop system worked on a much larger scale in Japan than elsewhere in the world. At the time, Japan maintained a steady population of 30 million people, meaning for 265 years the population did not increase beyond the small island country’s carrying capacity. At its peak, Edo was the largest city in the world at roughly 1.25 million people. Despite its lack of technological advancement, the city was a thriving and sophisticated urban area. Although the current population of Tokyo is well over ten times the population of Edo, there is still much we can learn from the solutions Edo created to sustain their large and dense population.

The desire for plentiful whale oil to fuel the budding industrial revolution sparked the United States to invade Edo Bay in 1853 with large warships demanding trade. Japan agreed to trade peacefully to avoid war with the United States. The Meiji Restoration in 1868 marked the end of the Tokugawa family rule and a return to imperial power in Japan under Emperor Meiji, officially ending the Edo Period. The Meiji Restoration was an attempt to bolster power for defense from the more technologically advanced West. Japan was intrigued by the prospect of technological progress, and the promise of Western world conveniences, and went on to sign trade agreements with many other countries.

In the end, the Edo Period proved not to be sustainable, as the country was unable to defend itself from the encroaching industrial modernization that resulted from trading with the West. Japan during the Edo Period was extraordinarily sustainable and successful, but grew very little economically. From a capitalist perspective, the Edo Period was stagnating because there was very little new money to be made from products built for longevity, and the repeated repair of used products. Long-term sustainability and continual economic growth are not compatible. Our planet cannot support the capitalist model of continual growth and over-consumption; therefore, our notion of a successful economy needs to be reexamined. It is also worth examining our idea of progress, as perhaps new technological advances (especially those that depend on fossil fuels and work against nature) are not always a positive progression.

Eisuke Ishikawa is the leading authority on the ecological sustainability of the Edo Period.
“Japan in the Edo Period – An Ecologically-Conscious Society"
(大江戸えころじ－事情 O-edo ecology jijo
- source : www.museumofthecity.org


. kenyaku 倹約 frugality, thrift - Sparsamkeit .

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- quote
Rice has long been a staple food for the Japanese, and straw is one rice-making byproduct, the residue left after threshing rice to obtain grain. For every 150 kilograms of rice, about 124 kilograms of straw are produced. Straw was a precious resource for a wide range of uses relating to food, clothing and shelter in the past.

Farmers used about 20 percent of straw produced for making daily commodities, 50 percent for fertilizer and the remaining 30 percent for fuel and other purposes. Ash left after burning straw was used as a potassium fertilizer. In short, 100 percent of straw was used and recycled back to the earth.

For clothing purposes, straw was used to make braided hats, straw raincoats and straw sandals, among other items. Farmers produced such items during the agricultural off-season for their own use and as products to be sold for cash.

Relating to food, straw was used to make straw bags for rice, pot holders, and covering materials to produce "natto" (fermented soybeans). Farmers also used straw to feed cattle and horses and cover feedlots. Animal waste mixed with straw residue made compost for farming.

In the area of shelter, straw was a common building material for outside and inside the house, including the roof, "tatami" mats and clay walls. As you can see, straw, a byproduct of rice, was used widely in daily life and once it was used or burned, it returned to the earth.

In addition to straw, silk, cotton, hemp and other field-made materials were used for clothes. Paper was made of the bark of "kozo" trees. Since only branches were cut to obtain bark, there was no worry of excessive cutting of trees. And there were many kinds of recyclers for used paper in those days.
- source : www.japanfs.org - Eisuke Ishikawa


. Ishikawa Eisuke Ishikawa 石川英輔 - Introduction .

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Just Enough: Lessons in Living Green from Traditional Japan
地球を救う江戸先進のエコロジー
by Azby Brown / アズビー・ブラウン



The world has changed immeasurably over the last thirty years, with more, bigger, better being the common mantra. But in the midst of this constantly evolving world, there is a growing community of people who are looking at our history, searching for answers to issues that are faced everywhere, such as energy, water, materials, food and population crisis.

In Just Enough, author Azby Brown turned to the history of Japan, where he finds a number of lessons on living in a sustainable society that translate beyond place and time. This book of stories depicts vanished ways of life from the point of view of a contemporary observer, and presents a compelling argument around how to forge a society that is conservation-minded, waste-free, well-housed, well-fed and economically robust.

Included at the end of each section are lessons in which Brown elaborates on what Edo Period life has to offer us in the global battle to reverse environmental degradation. Covering topics on everything from transportation, interconnected systems, and waste reduction to the need for spiritual centers in the home, there is something here for everyone looking to make changes in their life.
- source : www.amazon.com

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- - - - - Reference



大江戸リサイクル事情 - 石川英輔

Check vocabulary (CB)
- source : note.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp

With illustrations - collecting and repairing 回収業者 - 修理・再生業者　
- source : simofuri.com/recycle

http://blog.q-q.jp/201308/article_6.html
http://homepage2.nifty.com/kenkakusyoubai/zidai/syobai.htm - TBA
http://shigoto-creator.com/396/ - TBA


早業七人前　(at the National Bibliothek)
- source : http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info

大江戸リサイクル事情
- source : kinokokumi.blog13.fc2.com

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"Man with broom and cloth"
Katsushika Hokusai　北斎　 (1760-1849)

source :　www.asia.si.edu/collections

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. - Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .


. Japanese Architecture - cultural keywords used in haiku .


[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- #recycle #reuse #ecology -
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naishoku home worker

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naishoku 内職　home worker, side business 　
home-based piecework, part-time piecemeal work

Many samurai in Edo were masterless and had to rely on some side business to support their families. They were "employed" by a larger factory and worked at home. They did jobs that could be done with their own hands and simple tools, using paper, fixing wooden boxes and so on.

- - - - - The most common were

asagaozukuri 朝顔作り　growing asagao morning glory plants

. choochin harikae 提灯張り変え gluing new paper to lanterns .

ganguzukuri 玩具作り making toys for children

kasa hari 傘張り gluing paper to umbrellas

. kingyo shiiku 金魚飼育 breeding goldfish (gold fish) .

kotori no shiiku 小鳥の飼育　breeding song birds

oogizukuri 扇子作り making hand fans

. takozukuri 凧作り making kites / takoya　凧屋 .

. terakoya 寺子屋 "temple school", private school teachers .

yooji kezuri 楊枝削り making toothpicks

They often got payed in rice bushels, seldom in money. They could bring the rice to a rice merchant and exchange it for money, but they took money for this job.

For women, the most common naishoku was
harishitogo　針仕事　needlework, repairing old robes and making new ones.
nuimono 縫い物



- source : blog.goo.ne.jp/minna_ai

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asagaozukuri 朝顔作り　growing morning glory
asagao uri 朝顔売り vendor of morning glories


source :　edoeten.cocolog-nifty.com/blog

asagao were most popular in Edo and sold at special markets in summer.
They were grown in small pots, and the vendors walked along the streets, carrying them in special baskets (yotsude kago四つ手籠)。



woodblock print by 歌川国貞 Utagawa Kunisada (1768 - 1864)



source :　kagi.blog14.fc2.com/blog-entry-109
with more dolls about business in Edo !


. WKD : asagao 朝顔 morning glory .

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kasa hari 傘張り gluing paper to umbrellas, repairing umbrellas


source :　ameblo.jp/edo-sanpo



CLICK for more images !
本当に江戸の浪人は傘張りの内職をしていたのか? - 山田順子
Did the samurai of Edo really glue paper to umbrellas ?



source :　blog.goo.ne.jp/aboo-kai

花の頃まだ子が生まれ傘を張る
hana no koro mada ko ga umare kasa o haru

come spring
another child will be born -
repairing umbrellas 

Since the couple were "home alone" most of the time, they were blessed with many children.


. furugasa kaiい 古傘買 furui kasa, buying old umbrellas .

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kotori no shiiku, shi-iku 小鳥の飼育　teaching young birds to sing properly.

. WKD : tori 鳥 bird, birds saijiki .


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yooji kezuri 楊枝削り making toothpicks

Toothpick was introduced into Japan in 584 (Nara period). It was brought in with Buddhism via China and Korea.
. yooji 楊枝, tsumayooji 爪楊枝 toothpick - Introduction .



under construction
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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

蕗の葉に雨聴く夜半や手内職
fuki no ha ni ame kiku yahan ya te-naishoku

listening to the rain
on the butterbur leaves -
doing a little side business

Komine Ooba 小峰大羽 Komine Oba

. WKD : fuki 蕗 butterbur - Petasites japonica .



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- - - To join me on facebook, click the image !

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. Japanese Architecture - cultural keywords used in haiku .

. - Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .


[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
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