Edo - the EDOPEDIA -

2/04/2020

Tango Tanba Kaido Highways

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
- for 丹波街道 Tanba Kaido, see below -
- for 亀岡街道 Kameoka Kaido, see below
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Tango Kaido 丹後街道 Tango Highway
From Tsuruga, Fukui to Maizuru, Kyoto.
Now National Highway Nr. 27.

Part of the Jukan Doro along the Sea of Japan
日本海側の縦貫道路の一部 jūkan dōro

- Postal stations along the Tango Kaido
Tsuruga 敦賀市
Wakasa 若狭町
Obama 小浜市
Takahama 高浜町
Kichisaka toge pass 吉坂峠 (in Maizuru)
Maizuru 舞鶴市 (Kyoto)

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- quote -
Tango Province (丹後国, Tango no Kuni)
was an old province in the area that is today northern Kyoto Prefecture facing the Sea of Japan. Together with Tanba Province, Tango was sometimes called Tanshū (丹州).
Tango bordered on Tajima, Tanba, and Wakasa provinces.
At various times both Maizuru and Miyazu were the capital and chief town of the province.
- History
In the 3rd month of the 6th year of the Wadō era (713), the land of Tango Province was administratively separated from Tanba Province. In that same year, Empress Genmei's Daijō-kan continued to organize other cadastral changes in the provincial map of the Nara period.
In Wadō 6, Mimasaka Province was sundered from Bizen Province, and Hyūga Province was divided from Ōsumi Province. In Wadō 5 (712), Mutsu Province had been severed from Dewa Province.
Maps of Japan and Tango Province were reformed in the 1870s when the prefecture system was introduced. At the same time, the province continued to exist for some purposes. For example, Tango is explicitly recognized in treaties in 1894 (a) between Japan and the United States and (b) between Japan and the United Kingdom.
The 1927 Kita Tango earthquake caused major damage in the region and killed around 3,000 people.
This area is still known as Tango Peninsula, some parts of it are in Tango Quasi-National Park. A town in this region was likewise named Tango. It is now defunct and part of Kyōtango (Kyō + Tango) since 2004.
- Historical districts
Kasa District (加佐郡)
Yosa District (与謝郡)
Naka District (中郡)
Takeno District (竹野郡)
Kumano District (熊野郡)
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. Kurihan Kaido 九里半街道 Kurihan Highway .
Connecting 今津 Imazu in 近江国 Omi on the West side of 琵琶湖 Lake Biwako with 若狭国小浜 Obama in Wakasa, Fukui.

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. Matsuo Basho - Station 41 - Tsuruga 敦賀 .

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. Wakasa 若狭 lacquer and agate 漆と瑪瑙 .

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Kichisaka toge pass 吉坂峠

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. Maizuru Daruma Festival 舞鶴だるま祭 .

. Ama no Hashidate 天の橋立 .

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- quote -
Historical streetscape of Onyu / Obama
Historical streetscape of 遠敷 Onyu spreads along the road at the junction of Wakasa-kaido Road and 針畑越（根来道） Harihatagoe also known as Negori-zaka slope. In the surrounding area of Onyu district stand 若狭姫神社 Wakasahime Shrine, 若狭国府 Wakasa Kokufu, and 若狭国分寺 Wakasa Kokubunji Temple. This is the area where dedicated articles and salt were sent to Kyoto, the ancient capital of Japan. A market was established here after medieval times and developed into a town in front of Wakasahime Shrine.
Before 熊川宿 Kumagawa-juku was developed, it used to be the base of transportation of 鯖街道 Saba-kaido Road, or a highway supplying marine products and fish such as mackerel called “saba” in Japanese to the Imperial family and court in Kyoto, the ancient capital of Japan. In the mid Edo Period, Onyu district flourished by processing agate in Hokkaido and Tohoku region brought there by Kitamae-bune, or freight vessels by way of the Japan Sea. A large quantity of agate called Wakasa agate processed in Onyu was shipped to Kyoto and Osaka. Processing of agate has been handed down as a traditional craft up to today.
Today Tango-kaido Road
and the area close to Wakasahime Shrine are lined with houses called Machiya, or merchants’ houses, which retain traditional architectural style built after the Meiji Period. In Onyu Festival, an annual festival of Wakasahiko shrine and Himegami shrine, drum dance and Kagura drum performance are dedicated to the gods of these shrines by local residents and Ujiko, or shrine parishioners. Kagura refers to sacred Shinto music and dancing performed at a shrine.
- source : city.obama.fukui.jp...-

source : 4travel.jp/travelogue...
熊川宿 Kumagawa-juku

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. Tango Chirimen Kaidoo 縮緬街道 the Chirimen Road .
to transport Tango Chirimen Silk Crepe to Kyoto.

. saba kaido 鯖街道 mackerel road .

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Tanba Kaido 丹波街道 / 旦波街道 Tanba Highway
From Tanba (Tamba) to Kyoto.

Tanba no kuni 丹波国 the Tamba province of the Edo period, now parts belong to Hyogo, others to Kyoto.

The first part of the 山陰街道 Sanin Kaido led to the Tanba region.
It was also called
Tanba Kaido 丹波街道
Tanshu Kaido 丹州街道
Tanbaji, Tanba-Ji 丹波路
Tanshuji, Tanshu-Ji 丹州路

- quote -
Tanba Province (丹波国, Tanba no kuni)
was an old province of Japan. The ambit of its borders encompassed both the central part of modern Kyōto Prefecture and the east-central part of Hyōgo Prefecture. It and the neighbouring Tango Province were collectively known as Tanshū (丹州). Besides Tango, Tanba bordered on Harima, Ōmi, Settsu, Tajima, Wakasa, and Yamashiro Provinces.
The ancient provincial capital is believed to be in the area of modern Kameoka.
- History
In the 3rd month of the 6th year of the Wadō era (713), Tango Province (丹後国) was administratively separated from Tanba. In that same year, Empress Genmei's Daijō-kan continued to organize other cadastral changes in the provincial map of the Nara period. ...
After being governed by a succession of minor daimyō, the region was eventually conquered by Oda Nobunaga in the Sengoku period. He assigned the province to one of his generals, Akechi Mitsuhide, who would become the central figure in Nobunaga's assassination in 1582.
A town in this region also named Tanba was merged with several other towns in 2005 to create Kyōtanba (Kyō + Tanba).
- Historic districts
----- Hyōgo Prefecture
Hikami District (氷上郡)
Taki District (多紀郡)
----- Kyoto Prefecture
Amata District (天田郡)
Funai District (船井郡)
Ikaruga District (何鹿郡)
Kuwada District (桑田郡)
- Kitakuwada District (北桑田郡)
- Minamikuwada District (南桑田郡)
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- quote -

（丹波地域）たんば三街道 - 3 Kaido in Tanba
丹波の森街道： Tanba no Mori Kaido
国道427号～県道青垣柏原線～国道176号（篠山市草野～丹波市青垣町遠阪）
水分れ街道： Mizuwakare Kaido
国道175号（丹波市山南町井原～丹波市市島町下竹田）
デカンショ街道：Dekansho Kaido
国道372号（篠山市西野々～篠山市今田町本荘）
川代恐竜街道：Kawashiro Kyoryu Kaido- Dinosaur road
県道篠山山南線（篠山市大山下～丹波市山南町谷川）

- reference source : web.pref.hyogo.lg.jp... -

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Tanba Province: 鐘坂　Kanegasaka
Utagawa Hiroshige
鐘坂と鬼の架け橋　－Kanegasaka Oni no kakehashi 鬼の架け橋 - Kinzan

- quote -
Kinzan Castle
Oiiri Tanba-Sasayama city, Hyogo
..... Kinzan castle spreads T shaped peak of Kinzan mountain. Central area of castle is a rectangular one of 50 meter long and 20 meter wide, which has about two meter height stone wall at its western half where main building might exist. At the west slope of central area there is a huge shaped rock called as “Oni no Kakehashi”, which is a huge flat stone stands over the gap of the rock like a bridge......
- source : japancastle.jp... -

. Kanegasaka Toge pass 鐘ヶ坂峠 .
Sasayama Kaido 篠山街道 Sasayama Highway

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. Kameoka Kaido 亀岡街道 Kameoka Highway / 摂丹街道 Settan Kaido .

. Sanin Kaido 山陰街道 Sanin Highway, San'in Highway .

. Folk art from the Tanba region .

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

................................................................................. Tango no Kuni 丹後国

A person from 丹後国宮津出 Tango no Kuni, Miyazu came to Kyoto to do business, but he became ill and could not hear any more. He followed the advise of a friend and went to Osaka for three years, but his deafness did not heal. Finally he went back to Miyazu.
But his language had changed and he now talked like someone from Osaka!

. Miyazu Kaido 宮津街道 Miyazu Highway .

.................................................................................　Kyoto 京都府
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宮津市 Miyazu city
Located in Miyazu City is 天橋立 Amanohashidate, the "bridge to heaven", one of the three most beautiful sights of Japan.
The naturally formed land bridge is 3.6 kilometers long and covered in pine trees.

oo-onna 大女 a huge woman
In 1702, there was an epidemic in the village of 宮津村 Miyazu, which finally ebbed down.
On the 7th day of the first lunar month in the evening, a villager saw a large woman of about 3 meters in white robes sitting at the foot of a pine tree. When he came home he fell ill with a fever, and mumbled the words of the woman:
"I was the servant of the lady of the castle and was executed because of an intrigue. To get my revenge I made the epidemic come to the village. If you hold a special ritual for me on the 17th day of the second lunar month, I will be saved and become the mamorigami 守り神 protector deity of this village."

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In the year 1026, a woman of about 2 meters with a long face came on a boat from 丹後国 Tango no Kuni. On the boat they had quite a Sake party and everybody got ill. When the boat reached the coast, they had all died.

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. ryuutoo 龍燈 / 龍灯 / 竜灯と伝説 Legends about Ryuto, "Dragon Lantern" .
At Amanohashidate, at night on the 16th day of every month, there is a strange light coming from the ushitora 丑寅 North-East direction and heading to the Monju Do 文殊堂 Hall for Monju Bosatsu at the temple 智恩寺 Chion-Ji. In front of the hall is one pine tree, which is called
ryuutoo no matsu 竜灯の松 "pine of the Dragon Lantern"

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Kyoto 与謝郡 Yosa district 野田川町 Nodagawa

. Eiko 英胡，Karuashi 迦樓夜叉，Tsuchiguma 土熊 - Three oni 鬼 demons .
and 麻呂子親王 Prince Maroko Shinno

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -
丹後国 - ok
50 丹波国 (00)
24 丹波国動物 (00)
78 亀岡市 (00)

丹波国船井郡の動物伝説 Animal legends from Funai, Tanba.
田中勝雄 Tanaka Katsuo

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

朝凪のちりめん波も丹後なる
asanagi no chirimen nami mo Tango naru

大立しづ　Hirotatsu Shizu

. asanagi - no wind in the morning .
- - kigo for late summer - -

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2/02/2020

Shiotsu Kaido Highway

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
- for Omi, Ōmi see below
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Shiotsu Kaido 塩津街道 Shiotsu Highway / 塩津海道 Shiotsu Sea Road
Connecting Shiotsu in 滋賀県 Shiga prefecture with 敦賀 Tsuruga, 福井県 Fukui, on the Sea of Japan.

This old road was also called
Shiotsu koe 塩津越え crossing over at Shiotsu
Another name is
Hokkoku Kaido 北国海道 Hokkoku Sea Road

. Kitamaebune 北前船 North-bound trade ships .
Tsuruga 敦賀, a traditional harbour where the ships from Hokkaido (Kitamaebune 北前船) used to stop over and unload things, mostly marine products, that were transported to Kyoto by land via
the Shiotsu Kaido 塩津街道 along the lake Biwako, linking to Kohoku Shiotsu in Omi. (Kohoku is Northern Shiga region.)
Tsuruga was also the endpoint of the road Tango Kaido 丹後街道 Tango Kaido.

Also called
shio no michi 塩の道 salt road
to transport salt from Tsuruga to Kyoto.

. Hokkoku Kaido 北国街道 Hokkoku Highway Roads .
From Oiwake on the 中仙道 Nakasendo Highway to 野尻宿 Nojiri into 越後 the Echigo province.

- Postal stations along the Shiotsu Kaido
Shiotsu 塩津宿 / Omi-Shiotsu 近江塩津
- source with many photos -

. Kurihan Kaido 九里半街道 Kurihan Highway .
Connecting 今津 Imazu in 近江国 Omi on the West side of 琵琶湖 Lake Biwako with 若狭国小浜 Obama in Wakasa, Fukui.

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- Places along the Omi Kaido
Kyoto 京都市
Otsu 大津市
Kusatsu 草津市
Ritto 栗東市
Moriyama 守山市
Yasu 野洲市
Ryuo 竜王町
Omi Hachiman 近江八幡市
Higashi-Omi 東近江市
Aisho 愛荘町
Toyosato 豊郷町
Hikone 彦根市
Maibara 米原市

- more photos : biwa.ne.jp/~futamura... -

. Nakasendo 中山道 .

- source with many photos -

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Nishi-Omi Kaido 西近江街道 Western Omi Highway
Connecting 近江国 Omi with the 越前国 Echigo domain.

- Places along the Nishi-Omi Kaido
Fuda no tsuji 札の辻
Koseki 小関越え
Hokkokubashi bridge 北国橋
Kannonjo town 観音寺町
Karasaki Jinja 唐﨑神社 Shrine
Sakamoto Castle ruins 坂本城跡
Hiei tsuji 比叡辻
Noka 苗鹿（のうか）
Koromogawa 衣川
Ukimido 浮御堂
Katata 堅田

- reference source : kaidouarukitabi.com/rekisi... -

- wikipedia knows this -
In olden times also called Hokkoku Road 北陸道。北国海道、北国脇往還、北国往還、北国脇道
via
Koseki koe 小関越え
Ano 穴多　穴太
Wani 和邇
Mio 三尾
Tomoyuki 鞆結
Arachi no Seki 愛発関

- in modern times via
Otsu 大津宿 - Fuda no Tsuji 札の辻
Koromogawa 衣川宿
Wani 和邇宿
Kido 木戸宿
Kita-Komatsu 北小松宿
Kawaraichi 河原市宿
Imazu 今津宿
Kaizu 海津宿
Tsuruga 敦賀宿

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- quote -
Ōmi Province (近江国, Ōmi no kuni)
is an old province of Japan, which today comprises Shiga Prefecture. It was one of the provinces that made up the Tōsandō circuit. Its nickname is Gōshū (江州).
Lake Biwa, Japan's largest lake, is located at the center of the province. "Ōmi" came from awaumi or "fresh-water sea" and the kanji of "Ōmi" (近江) means "an inlet near the capital" (See also Tōtōmi Province).
The ancient capital was near Ōtsu, which was also a major castle town. In north of Otsu, one of the most important monastery Enryaku-ji is located on Mount Hiei.
- History
Hōjō Tokimasa, the first shikken of the Kamakura shogunate, was made daimyō of Ōmi Province in the 10th month of Shōji 2 (1200).
During the Sengoku period, the northern part of the province was the fief of Ishida Mitsunari, Tokugawa Ieyasu's opponent at the Battle of Sekigahara, although he spent most of his time in Osaka Castle administering the fief of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's young son. After Ishida's defeat, Tokugawa granted the fief to his allies, the Ii clan, who built the castle and town of Hikone from the ruins of Sawayama.
Takebe taisha was designated as the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) for the province.
Ukiyo-e print by Hiroshige of the sailboats at Yahashi, one of the Eight Views of Ōmi, c. 1834
During the Edo period, it was host to five stations of the Tōkaidō and eight stations of the Nakasendō.
The southern part of the province around the town of Kōka (Koga) was the home of the famous Kōga ninja, one of the two main founding schools of ninjutsu.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

Kurita District (栗太郡)
Yasu District (野洲郡)
Kōka District (甲賀郡)
Gamō District (蒲生郡)
Kanzaki District (神崎郡)
Echi District (愛知郡)
Inukami District (犬上郡)
Sakata District (坂田郡)
Azai District (浅井郡)
Ika District (伊香郡)
Takashima District (高島郡)

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Shiga was known as Ōmi Province 近江国
. Oomi Hakkei　近江八景 Eight Views of Omi .

. Folk Art from Omi .
. Omi joofu 近江上布 Omi Jofu Ramie fabric .
. Oomi shoonin tsuchi ningyoo 近江商人土人形 clay dolls from tradesmen of Omi .
. Omi Hino Merchant Museum 近江日野商人 .
. Oomi Daruma 近江だるま Daruma from Omi .

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.................................................................................　Shiga 滋賀県
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伊香郡 Ika district 余呉町 Yogo town

. kitsune densetsu 狐と伝説 fox legends .
A dealer in brooms made from Shuro palm came crossing over the pass to reach Shiotsu in the early morning.
He saw a fox sleeping on the roadside and teased it with his broom. When he came back the same road during daytime, it became quite dark and he could only see a strange fire. He went there and found a large lodging house, where he could sleep and get some food, even a hot bath.
Another man came past and asked him "What are you doing here?"
The man came to his senses and saw he was all naked. His food was only shit from the fox.

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伊香郡 Ika district 西浅井町 Nishi-Asai town

gawata がわた Kappa (in the dialect of Shiga)
The Gawata pulld people into the river. One day children were playing on the river side and one boy was imitating the Gawata to shock the others. The others, who thought it was the real Kappa, caught him and beat him quite hard.

. Kappa 河童 water goblin legends .

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. hinotama, hi no tama 火の玉と伝説 Legends about fire balls .
Around 3 in the morning at the beginning of the month, a ship was heading to the lake. From the East came a fire ball and stopped right above the mast.
A little later a bit of wind came and the fire ball seemed to ride the wind and blew away.
Pondering about this happening, the men thought it must have been a group of spiders.

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minomushi ミノムシ roundworm
A man boarded his ship around 3 in the morning in March, when he saw something sparkling. He picked it up, it looked like 金粉 gold powder.
This was a minomushi, which represents the soul of people who have died on sea or in water accidents.

. minomushi 蓑虫 , "straw raincoat bug" .
larva of Psychidae

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

塩津浜逸話集 Tales from Shiotsu
中村芳三

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1/30/2020

Noda Kaido Highway Numakunai

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
- Omoto Kaido see below
- Shiogama Kaido 塩釜街道, see below
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Noda Kaido 野田街道 Noda Highway
沼宮内廻野田街道 Numakunai mawari Noda Kaido

Connecting 盛岡 Morioka city, 岩手県 Iwate with 野田 Noda town the Northern part of 三陸海岸 the Sanriku Kaigan coast.

The 本野田街道 Main Noda Kaido Highway
Passing from Morioka via the
小本街道 Omoto Kaido
to 岩泉 Iwaizumi, then passing 安家 Akka and on to the Daikansho 代官所 Government office in Noda.
This was the shorter route and used more often.

The Numakunai 沼宮内廻野田街道 Noda Kaido passing via Numakunai
Branching off from the 奥州街道 Oshu Kaido in the North of 沼宮内宿 Numakunai-juku at the village of 尾呂部 Orobe
Passing 吉ヶ沢 Yoshigasawa, 葛巻 Kuzumaki, 関 Seki, 木売内 Kiurinai and 下戸鎖 Shimotokusari
and joining the Oda Kaido at 宇部 Ube.
Another route via the 角掛峠 Tsunokake toge pass went to 久慈 Kuji city.

Since 1664 the lord of 八戸藩 the Hachinohe domain used this road to go to Morioka and a 関番所 barrier was erected.
This road is sometimes called
shio no michi 塩の道 Salt road
to transport the salt made in 塩釜 Shiogama via Noda to Morioka. It was used by 南部牛方 the Nanbu Ushikata traders, who transported the salt on cows.

- Postal stations along the Noda Kaido

Noda 野田
Shimotowada 下戸渡
Kiurinai 木売内
Oguni 小国
Seki 関
Kuzumaki 葛巻
Numakunai 沼宮内
Umibe 海辺
Akka 安家

Akka is now part of the 下閉伊郡 Shimohei district, Iwate.

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Omoto Kaido 小本街道 Omoto Highway
From Morioka to Omoto town.
Present day highway 455.

- Postal stations along the Omoto Kaido
Morioka 盛岡
Yabukawa 藪川
Kado 門
Horowata 袰綿
Iwaizumi 岩泉
Otomo 小友
Nakajima 中島
Omoto Iwaizumi-Omoto, 小本

- Look at some photos ! -

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Shiogama Kaido 塩釜街道 Shiogama Highway
Connecting Shiogama with 仙台 Sendai, 宮城県 Miyagi.

shiogama - lit. kettle to make salt

- Postal stations along the Shiogama Kaido

Sendai Castle　仙台城
Iwakiri 岩切
Nangu 南宮
Ichikawa 市川
Shiogama 塩釜
then on to the famous Matsushima 松島

- quote -
Shiogama (塩竈 or 塩釜)
The city derives its name ("salt furnace") from an ancient method to harvest salt by boiling seawater in large kettles. The ritual is still performed every July at Shiogama Shrine, an important shrine at the center of the town. The shrine is also a popular cherry blossom spot with a large variety of cherry tree varieties.
Shiogama
is often combined with a visit to nearby Matsushima, as the two cities are connected by the popular sightseeing cruises via Matsushima Bay.
- source : japan-guide.com... -

. Shiogama Jinja 塩釜神社 / 鹽竈神社 Shiogama Shrine .
It is the head shrine of several hundred Shiogama shrines located throughout Japan.
In the“Narrow Roads to the Deep North",
the poet, Matsuo Basho, describes traveling from Shiogama to Matsushima by boat.
. tsubo no ishibumi at Tateishi 壷の碑を立石 .

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Shiwahiko Jinja　志波彦神社
It was formerly situated in Iwakiri, to the west of Shiogama, but it was transferred to the precincts of Shiogama Jinja in 1874.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Shiogama Jinja (鹽竈神社)
Three kami are enshrined at Shiogama Jinja, in three separate buildings:
Shiotsuchi-Oji-no-Kami in the betsugu (detached sanctuary),
Takemikazuchi-no-Kami in the sagu (left sanctuary), and
Futsunushi-no-Kami in the ugu (right sanctuary).
Shiwahiko Jinja is dedicated to another kami, Shiwahiko-no-Kami.
- History
The construction of Shiogama Jinja dates to before the historic era. Per shrine legend, the Sun Goddess, Amaterasu-Omikami, specifically commanded Takemikazuchi-no-Kami and Futsunushi-no-Kami, to develop the Tōhoku area.
A third kami, Shiotsuchi-Oji-no-Kami, guided the other two to this region. After their arrival, the area enjoyed a period of peace, and Shiotsuchi-Oji-no-Kami taught the local people how to make salt from sea water. In gratitude, a shrine was erected to the three kami.
Shiogama Jinja appears in historical records in 820 AD, when it was given exemption from taxes.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

source : artne.jp/event... 福岡市博物館

塩竈・松島図屏風 Shiogama - Matsushima Byobu folding screen

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. Sanriku Hamakaido 三陸浜街道 Sanriku Beach Road .

. shio no michi 塩の道 the salt roads of Japan .

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.................................................................................　Miyagi 宮城県

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宮城郡 Miyagi district 七ヶ浜町 Shichigahama town

Mahanashijima 馬放島 "Island to let the horse run"
The two main deities venerated at Shiogama,
Futsunushi no Mikoto 経津主命(ふつぬしのみこと）and
Takemikatsuchi no Mikoto 武甕槌命(たけみかつちのみこと）
came riding on a white horse. They landed on the island Mahanashijima.
When the shinme 神馬 divine horse of 塩釜神社 Shiogama Jinja becomes old, it is brought to this island to live his last days.

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塩竃市 Shiogama city

fuji no ki 藤の木 wisteria tree
At the 塩釜神社 Shiogama Jinja the color murasaki 紫 purple is taboo.
The deity in residence does not like the fuji no ki 藤の木 wisteria tree and thus not the color.
All the parishioners of the Shrine avoid purple.

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kamagafuchi 釜ヶ渕 riverside of the kettle / cauldron
Once one of the 12 sacred kettles of the Deity, shinkama 神釜 / 神竈 / 御釜 O-Kama was stolen.
When the boat of the thieves passed the riverside, it sank to the ground.

O-Kama Jinja 御釜神社 "Shrine of the Divine Kettle"
宮城県塩竈市本町6-1 // O-Kama sha 御釜社

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This unassuming shrine is named for its four metal cauldrons which have been used since ancient times to make salt.
The cauldrons are designated one of the Three Great Miracles of Japan. The color of the water in these cauldrons is said to change before disasters, a belief so prevalent that during the Edo period the shrine was ordered to inform the rulers of the Sendai Domain whenever there was a change in color. It is even said that the color of the water changed just before the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake.

Okama Jinja enshrines Shiotsuchi Oji no Kami,
the god who taught humans how to make salt. An sacred salt-making ritual is held here on July 6 every year, a tradition which has continued for one thousand years.
- source : visitmiyagi.com/contents... -

Shiotsuchi no Oji had originally seven iron kettles, four remain - of two sizes
一口は径四尺 1,2 m diameter
三口は四尺八寸の鉄釜 a bit larger
dedicated to ryuujin 竜神 the Dragon Deity.

Every year on the 10th day of July there was a ritual of shiokumi 汐汲み scooping salt water from the seaside 釜渕 Kamabuchi.

Legend says Shiotsuchi no Oji had originally seven or even 15 kettles.
二口は野田 Two at Noda
一口は釜渕 One at Kamabuchi
四口は加美郡色麻村 Four at Kami district, Shikama
二口は肝沢郡水沢 Two at Isawa district, Mizusawa
一口は黒川郡富谷町志戸田 One at Kurokawa district, Shitoda
一口は仙台市石名坂円福寺 One at Sendai at the temple Enpuku-Ji

The deity 和加佐彦命 Wakasahiko no Mikoto changed into the figure of a young boy with a purple apron and let the bull to the Seaside. His whip was made from wisteria.
To our day people sometimes put a purple apron around their child in the hope it will grow up strong.

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塩竃市 Shiogama city 一森山 Ichimoriyama

Shiotsuchi no Oji 塩釜翁神 / シオツチノオジ / 塩竈明神 Shiogama Myojin
塩椎神 Shiotsuchi no Kami / 塩竃さん Shiogama San
There are three deities venerated at Shiogama Jinja. Later one of them,
武甕槌神 Takemikazuchi no Kami went down the river 利根川 Tonegawa to 鹿島 Kashima.
経津主神 Futsunushi no Kami went to 香取 Katori.
Only 塩椎神 Shiotsuji no Kami stayed here.

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Kotokatsukunikatsunagasa
A local kami who greeted the heavenly grandchild Ninigi upon his arrival at Kasasa of Ata no Nagaya (in Kagoshima Prefecture) after his descent from heaven (tenson kōrin). Nihongi states that the kami made a free-will offering of the land to Ninigi.
According to a variant "alternate writing" also provided by Nihongi, the kami is identified with Shiotsuchi no oji ("old man of the sea"), an offspring of Izanagi.
Shiotsuchi no oji is described elsewhere as guiding Hohodemi to the Palace of the Sea, and telling Emperor Jinmu about the "fair land to the east," with the result that he is viewed as a tutelary kami of the sea.
- source : kokugakuin Kadoya Atsushi -

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tarayooju 多羅葉樹 / タラヨウジュ / Ilex latifolia
The Ilex tree in the compound of 塩釜神社 Shiogama Jinja is called
nanja monja, nanjamonja なんじゃもんじゃ "what is this?"
In former times, when bokesen 卜占 divinations were made, a leaf of this tree was roasted.

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ushiishi, ushi-ishi, ウシイシ gyuseki 牛石 the bull who had become a rock
This huge rock is in the compound of 塩釜神社 Shiogama Jinja.
In the pond East of 塩釜神社 Shiogama Jinja is a huge rock, looking like a bull lying down, with his eyes, nose, horns and ears visible.
On the 6th day of the 7th lunar month, when the well is cleaned, it can be fully seen.
When the deity 塩土翁神 Shiyotsuchi no Oji made salt, the tide brought a huge bull, which turned into this rock.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -
塩釜神社 OK
32 塩釜 (01) // 19 塩竃市 (00)

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1/28/2020

Ensho Kaido Saltpeter road

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
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Ensho Kaido 塩硝街道 Saltpeter Highway
Ensho no Michi 塩硝の道 Salpeter Road

From Kanazawa to Nishi-Akao, Ishikawa prefecture, former Kaga domain.
To transport saltpeter found near 刀利 Tori and 五箇山間 Gokayama to the harbour of Kanazawa.
This road was kept very secret,
Kaga han no kage michi 加賀藩の陰道 "Shadow road of the Kaga domain".
The saltpeter was used for the army and thus kept secret.

Kanazawa 金沢
Odatsuno 小立野
Tsuchishimizu 土清水
Yuwaku hot spring 湯涌(温泉)
Yokodani 横谷
Tori 刀利 (五箇山間) Gokayama
Bunao toge pass ブナオ峠
Nishi-Akao 西赤尾

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塩硝街道の歴史
- source : kaidoaruki.com/area_chubu...

salpeter - saltpetre (UK) - saltpeter (US) - various spellings of the word

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About Gokayama
The geographic making of Gokayama allowed the people to secretly produce saltpeter and gunpowder in underground facilities.
In 1585, Gokayama became part of the Kaga Domain under the Maeda family. The mountainous terrain led to the development of the sericulture industry with silkworms, for their cocoons, Japanese washing paper production, and saltpeter, for gunpowder. The money made from production was collected by the Kaga domain.
One of the reasons
for the high-roofed gasshō-style houses was to provide suitable space for all of the producers. The ground floor was where the saltpeter making and living spaces were located. The second floor, which is warmer, was where the silkworms were raised and also had some living spaces.
Saltpeter and black gunpowder production
was a huge industry here, with every home in Gokayama involved. When the demand for enshō (a raw ingredient of gunpowder) rose, up to 20 tons of Kaga enshō were produced here. Both the quantity and quality were the best in the country. ...
Saltpeter Museum (Ensho no Yakata 塩硝の館)
- source : thegate12.com... -

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Ensho no Yakata 塩硝の館 Salpeter Museum

富山県南砺市菅沼134 Toyama, Nanto city, Suganuma
- reference source : 塩硝の館 -

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塩硝の作り方 How to make salpeter
- reference source : 金沢市崎浦公民館 -

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五箇山塩硝鉄砲隊

火縄銃演武 Festival

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Origin of Japanese gunpowder production and it's first use
Noel Perrin:”Giving up the gun-Japan’s Reversion to the Sword,1543-1879”(1979) pointed out that Japan was No.1 in the world for number of gun. But his discription did not touched to gun powder. A gun is only a pipe without gunpowder.
[1.]
How to produce the gun powder?
Ancient times, black gunpowder was a mixture of three fine powders. It consists of 75% saltpeter, 10% sulfur and 15% carbon. The grinding of saltpeter and sulfur are very easy, but grinding of carbon is very hard work, because the origin of carbon is charcoal of special hard wood( Hannoki in Japanese). For the grinding implement, stone mill was used. For pilot light of gunpowder, special fine powder, which was grinding by tea-mill, was used until second world war in Japan.
[2.]
A secret of saltpeter production in Japan Gun was introduced into Japan from Europe 1543 AD. The gun was present from TOKIAKI to a SHOGUN , which mediated by HONGANJI. HONGANJI temple initiate into the secrets to a warrior UESUGI KENSHIN.）. 　
As the production of the gunpowder is a secret, there was no information. We can find the origin of saltpeter in a game of children. Under the floor of old Japanese private house, we could find the crystal of saltpeter. The crystals is play a role of interesting toys. I’m sorry, but the phenomenon was lost by environmental change of sanitary living style. You can understand the mechanism of formation of saltpeter in Fig.1. ...
[3.]
First use of gun was in KAWANAKAJIMA war
Industrial production was started in GOKAYAMA by the of the disciples of HONGANJI. HONGANJI (temple) to oppose ODA NOBUNAGA. On the first use of gun was 1561 at fourth KAWANAKAJIMA war by SHINGEN. 1570A.D. by HONGANJI , NOBUNAGA was surprised very much in SESSHU-NODAFUKUSHIMA. An accepted theory of first use in NAGASHINO must revise by this fact. ...
- source : bigai.world.coocan.jp/msand... -

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Saltpeter - Potassium nitrate .-
is a common food preservative and additive, fertilizer, and oxidizer for fireworks and rockets. It is one of the principal ingredients in gunpowder. Potassium nitrate is used to treat asthma and in topical formulations for sensitive teeth. It was once a popular medication for lowering blood pressure.
Niter, or nitre (chiefly British),
is the mineral form of potassium nitrate, KNO3, also known as saltpeter or saltpetre. Historically, the term niter was not well differentiated from natron, both of which have been very vaguely defined but generally refer to compounds of sodium or potassium joined with carbonate or nitrate ions.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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1/26/2020

Mibu Kaido Highway

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
- Kobugahara, see below -
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Mibu Kaido 壬生街道 Mibu Highway
Mibu doori 壬生通り Mibu road / Mibu michi, Mibu do 壬生道
Nikko Nishi Kaido 日光西街道 Western Highway to Nikko

From 日光街道小山宿 Oyama via Kanuma to 日光街道今市宿 Imaichi in 栃木県 Tochigi.

01 小山宿 Oyama
02 飯塚宿Iizuka
03 壬生宿 Mibu
04 楡木宿 Niregi
05 奈佐原宿 Nasahara
06 鹿沼宿 Kanuma
07 文挟宿 Fubasami
08 板橋宿 Sakahashi
09 今市宿 Imaichi

. Nikkoo Kaidoo 日光街道 Nikko Kaido Highway .

mibu 壬生 means place along the water 水辺、水生（みぶ mibu）and refers to a low-lying wetland.
The writing 壬生 was later used for the name and also for the clan which ruled in this area.
It may also be a version of the Mibu Be （壬生部、みぶべ), a 乳部 wet-nurse to the Emperor.

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- link with many photos on the way
- reference source : kaidouarukitabi.com/rekisi... -

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Mibu Domain (壬生藩, Mibu han)
was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Tsuga District of Shimotsuke Province (modern-day Tochigi Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Mibu Castle in what is now part of the town of Mibu, Tochigi. Mibu was ruled through much of its history by a branch of the fudai Torii clan.
- History
The Mibu clan, which had ruled this area since the Muromachi period was destroyed at the Battle of Odawara in 1590, and their lands came under the control of the Yūki clan. After the Battle of Sekigahara, Tokugawa Ieyasu assigned a 19,000 koku holding in this area to Hineno Yoshiaki, formerly of Takashima Domain in Shinano Province in 1602. Hineno was instrumental in the construction of the Nikkō Tōshō-gū complex, and was rewarded for his efforts in 1634 by a transfer to Funai Domain (20,000 koku).
Mibu was assigned to Abe Tadaaki,
who has served as a Rōjū to Shōgun Tokugawa Iemitsu, with revenues raised to 25,000 koku. He was reassigned in 1639 to Oishi Domain in Musashi Province.
Mibu then came under the control of the Miura clan,
for three generations, until the transfer of wakadoshiyori Miura Akihiro to Nobeoka Domain in 1692.
Shōgun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi
then assigned the domain to Matsudaira Terusada, with an increase in size to 32,000 koku, and then 42,000 koku; however, he remained for only 3 years until his reassignment to Takasaki Domain. The domain was then reduced back to 25,000 koku and given to Katō Akihide, also a former wakadoshiyori, who made many attempts to reform the domain’s finances and administration. After his son, Katō Yoshinori was transferred to Minakuchi Domain in 1712, Mibu came under the control of the Torii clan, who then ruled until the Meiji Restoration.
The 6th daimyō, Torii Tadatomi,
sided with the Satchō Alliance in the Boshin War of the Meiji Restoration, and fought in the Battle of Aizu, despite considerable opposition within the ranks of his samurai. The final daimyō, Torii Tadafumi was later raised to the rank of viscount in the kazoku peerage system, and served as the Japanese consul to the Kingdom of Hawaii.
After the abolition of the han system in July 1871, Mibu Domain became part of Tochigi Prefecture. The domain had a samurai-class population of 1693 people in 437 households, per a census in 1870.
- List of daimyōs ...

Mibu (壬生町, Mibu-machi)
is a town located in Tochigi Prefecture
The remains of many burial mounds from the Kofun period can be found in Mibu. During the Edo period, Mibu-shuku was a post station on a branch the Nikkō Kaidō connecting Edo with the shrines at Nikkō,
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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. Mibudera 壬生寺 Temple Mibu-Dera .
31 Mibunaginomiyacho, Nakagyo Ward, Kyoto

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Kobugahara Kaido 古峰ヶ原街道 Kobugahara Highway
鹿沼市 Kanuma city
To
the Shrine 古峯神社 Furumine Jinja
Kusagyu, Kanuma, Tochigi

. Furumine Jinja and the Tengu 日光山東光坊 Tokobo from Nikko .

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.................................................................................　Tochigi 栃木県

kagami 鏡 mirror
If one stands in front of a mirror at night, at 3:33:33, there will be a different person shown in the mirror.

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Sankai Shonin 三海上人 Saint Sankai
The founder of the temple 行念寺 Gyonen-Ji near the Honguri bridge in the old province of Shimosa 下総国 Shimōsa was 三海上人 Saint Sankai.
He came to help the people of the region during a drought to get some rain. He performed rituals for 7 days without eating but no rain clouds showed up. The villagers got angry and decided to kill him. Just then black clouds appeared and it begun to rain terribly.

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benjokai 便所界 a realm of the toilet
When the boys from the local school go to the toilet and call out
「ノブユキくーん」 Hey Nobuyuki!
there is a hand coming out of the toilet trying to pull the caller inside.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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