Edo - the EDOPEDIA -

3/10/2020

Kunigami Hosei Kaido

There were four roads in the area
In 西 the West of Okinawa
中頭方西海道 Nakagamiho Nishikaido
国頭方西海道 Kunigamiho Nishikaido

- In 東 the East of Okinawa
中頭方東海道 Nakagamiho Tokaido
国頭方東海道 Kunigamiho Tokaido

The road via 読谷 Yomitan and 喜納 Kina to 恩納 Onna was called 「国頭方西海道.

In 1690, under the direction of 薩摩 the Satsuma clan the roads were paved with stones 石畳道 and about 1.5 to 3 meters wide. Many parts of the stone roads can still be seen today.

- Places along the road -
Shuri 首里
Mount Urasoe 浦添山
Kunigami region 国頭地方
Onna village 恩納村
Maeda no ichirizuka 真栄田の一里塚
Feeree iwa フェーレー岩
Nakadomari Iseki 仲泊遺跡
Nakadomari no ichirizuka 仲泊の一里塚
Hiyagonbira ishidatami michi 比屋根坂石畳道

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- quote -
Shuri (首里, Okinawan: スイ Sui or Shui, Northern Ryukyuan: しより Shiyori)
is a district of the city of Naha, Okinawa. It was formerly a separate city in and of itself, and the royal capital of the Ryūkyū Kingdom. A number of famous historical sites are located in Shuri, including Shuri Castle, the Shureimon gate, Sunuhyan-utaki (a sacred space of the native Ryukyuan religion), and royal mausoleum Tamaudun, all of which are designated World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.

Originally established as a castle town surrounding the royal palace, Shuri ceased to be the capital when the kingdom was abolished and incorporated into Japan as Okinawa prefecture. In 1896, Shuri was made a ward (区, ku) of the new prefectural capital, Naha, though it was made a separate city again in 1921. In 1954, it was merged again into Naha.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Onna village 恩納村

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Maeda no ichirizuka 真栄田の一里塚 distance marker mound

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Feeree iwa フェーレー岩 Fērē Rock, Fere Rock

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Nakadomari Iseki 仲泊遺跡 Nakadomari ruins

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Hiyagonbira ishidatami michi 比屋根坂石畳道 stone-paved road

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Kunigami (国頭村, Kunigami-son, Kunigami: Kunzan, Okinawan: Kunjan)
is a village in Kunigami District, Okinawa Prefecture.
- - - - - History
According to Chūzan Seikan, the goddess Amamikyu consecrated the first utaki in Asa Forest at Hedo, in what is now Kunigami; the forest is also mentioned in Omoro Sōshi.
Ceramics from the Jōmon-period Uzahama Site (宇佐浜遺跡) resemble those found in the Amami Islands. Chūzan Seikan records the prayers of the Kunigami council for the recovery of Shō Sei after an abortive attempt to occupy Amami Ōshima in 1537, while Kyūyō recounts the appointment of the son of the Kunigami Oyakata as aji after the successful takeover of the Amami Islands by Shō Gen in 1571.
Kunigami District was established in 1896 and, upon the abolition of Kunigami magiri, Kunigami Village was founded in 1908. During the Battle of Okinawa, the area saw an influx of refugees fleeing the heavy fighting in the south. In September 1945, the occupying government merged the three villages of Kunigami, Higashi, and Ōgimi into the new city of Hentona (辺土名市); the merger was reversed the following year.
- - - - - Chuzan Seikan (中山世鑑, lit. Mirror of Chūzan),
compiled in 1650 by Shō Shōken, is the first official history of the Ryūkyū Kingdom. In six scrolls, the main text occupies five and an accompanying summary the sixth. Unlike later official histories such as Chūzan Seifu and Kyūyō, which were written in kanbun, Chūzan Seikan is largely written in Japanese, other than for the summary and a number of quotes in Chinese.
The account of Shō Nei, whose reign saw invasion and subjugation by Satsuma, opens with the statement that the kingdom had been in subordinate vassal status to the Shimazu clan since the Eikyō era. The account of the siring of Shunten by Minamoto no Tametomo was similarly exploited during the Meiji period and after to help legitimize the annexation of the kingdom and its reconfiguration first as the Ryūkyū Domain and subsequently as Okinawa Prefecture.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

.................................................................................　Okinawa

kurukanizaashi 黒金座主，mimichiri booji 耳切坊主
The Gruesome Story of Kurogane
- quote -

A younger brother of the Ryukyu King lived in this enclosure near Shuri Castle.
Prince Chatan and, his pregnant wife were residents of this place, called Ufumura Udun.
Kurogane, a hairy, dark skinned Buddhist Monk, was accused of witchcraft.
The king, ordered Prince Chatan, to eliminate him.
The Prince invited Kurogane to his home for a game of Go (chess) and, they placed bets.
If the Prince lost, he would cut off his topknot and, give it to the Monk.
The Priest, pulled his ears, grinning, "You can have these if, I lose."
The game started and, Kurogane decided it would be best, to cheat.
He began whispering some magic words.
- - - - - continue reading here
- source : ryukyulife.com/2015... -

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -
31 国頭 (01)

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- - - - - P O E T R Y - - - - -

国頭の山の桜の緋に咲きて
さびしき春も深みゆくなり

釈迢空 Shaku Choku / 折口信夫 Orikuchi Shinobu (1887 - 1953)

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3/08/2020

Kameoka Kaido Highway

- Places along the Kameoka Kaido
Koraibashi bridge 高麗橋 Osaka
Shinjo village 新庄村
Suita 吹田村
Takahama Jinja 高浜神社 Shinto Shrine
-- branching off to 吹田街道 Suita Kaido
Kishibe 岸部村
-- branching off to 小野原街道 Onohara Kaido
Mashita 味舌村
Yamada 山田村
-- branching off to 高槻街道 Takatsuki Kaido
Kasuga 春日村
Fukui village 福井村
Miyama 見山村
Tarumi Toge Pass 垂水峠
Nose 豊能郡東能勢村 Osaka
-- branching off to 余野街道 Yono Kaido
Kuwada District in South-Kyoto 京都府南桑田郡

. Sasayama Kaido 篠山街道 Sasayama Highway .
Connecting 亀岡 Kameoka with 矢名瀬 Yanase (Wadayama) and the 山陰街道 Sanin Kaido.

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- quote -
Kameoka (亀岡市, Kameoka-shi)
... Kameoka abuts Kyoto to the east and is located to the north of Osaka. It is on the border line between former Tanba and Yamashiro provinces.
For centuries, Kameoka served as a key transportation point to connect the San'in region and Tanba province with Kyoto.
In the past, Kameoka was known as Kameyama and served as the provincial capital for Tanba province.
300 BCE – Rice farming colonies were built throughout the area
741 – Emperor Shōmu established kokubunji, provincial temples
8th century – beginning to grow as a suburb of Nagaoka Kyo and Heian-kyō (the area was reigned by Seiwa Genji)
1333 – Takauji Ashikaga raised his army in Kameoka to settle the Genkō Rebellion in Kyoto
1577 – Under the direction of Oda Nobunaga, Akechi Mitsuhide erected Kameyama Castle
1582 – Mitsuhide Akechi raised his army in Kameoka to assassinate Nobunaga Oda and Nobutada Oda in Kyoto: The Incident at Honnō-ji.
1869 – Kameyama was renamed Kameoka
- source : wikipedia -

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吹田街道 Suita Kaido

Branching off from the 能勢街道 Nose Kaido
at Toyonaka 豊中市
Sone 曽根
Esaka 江坂
Toyotsu 豊津
Nishinosho 西の庄
Takahama 高浜 - connecting with the Kameoka Kaido.

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Nose Kaido 能勢街道 Nose Highway

An old pilgrim road
from 大阪府大阪市北区中津 Nakatsu in Osaka (Kita ward)
via 池田市 Ikeda city
to the Buddhist temple 妙見山の能勢妙見堂 Nose Myoken-Do at Mount Myokensan.

. Myoken Bosatsu 妙見菩薩 .
Myoken protects from fires, brings luck and prosperity and heals illness of the eyes.

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小野原街道 Onohara Kaido
Connecting the 亀岡街道 Kameoka Kaido with the 西国街道 Saigoku Kaido.
. Saigoku Kaido 西国街道 Highway to the Western Provinces .

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高槻街道 Takatsuki Kaido
Connecting the 亀岡街道 Kameoka Kaido with 高槻市 Takatsuki city.

Map of old roads in Takatsuki :
Ibaraki Kaido 茨木街道
Tomita Kaido 富田街道

Starts at 高麗橋 the Koraibashi bridge 高麗橋 Osaka
Suita no watashi 吹田の渡し Suita river crossing
over the river 神崎川 Kanzakigawa
Ibaraki 茨木
Takase 高槻

- quote -
Koraibashi Bridge
Spanning the Higashi-Yokobori River, this was Osaka's first iron bridge.
Though rebuilt in 1929, the current structure speaks to the bridge’s history with giboshi-style ornamentation along the railings and anchor posts at the west modeled after yagura-yashiki (towered townhouses).
- source : osaka-info.jp... -

Suita no watashi 吹田の渡し Suita river crossing

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余野街道 Yono Kaido
Connecting Osaka via 北摂 Hokusetsu with 亀岡 Kameoka.
For the transportation of goods.

Also known as
摂丹街道 Settan Kaido
摂津　Settsu (Osaka)　丹波 Tanba 丹後 Tango

Passing
箕面市 Minoh city
池田市 Ikeda city

- quote -
Settsu Province (摂津国, Settsu no kuni)
was a province of Japan, which today comprises the southeastern part of Hyōgo Prefecture and the northern part of Osaka Prefecture.
It was also referred to as Tsu Province (津国, Tsu no kuni) or Sesshū (摂州).
- History
During the Sengoku period, the Miyoshi clan ruled Settsu and its neighbors, Izumi and Kawachi, until they were conquered by Oda Nobunaga. The provinces were ruled subsequently by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. The regents of Hideyoshi's son soon quarreled, and when Ishida Mitsunari lost the Battle of Sekigahara, the area was given to relatives of Tokugawa Ieyasu. It was from then on divided into several domains, including the Asada Domain.
Sumiyoshi taisha was designated as the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) for the province.
During the Sengoku period
Settsu became the main exporting centre of matchlock firearms to the rest of Japan.
The Kohama style (小浜流, Kohama-ryū) of sake brewing
was practiced at the Kohama-juku (小浜宿) in the Amagasaki Domain of Settsu Province during the Edo period.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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. Kameyama castle 亀山城 "Turtle Mountain" castle .

- virtual reconstruction - source : digital daiku

. Akechi Mitsuhide 明智光秀 (1528 - 1582) .

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. Tarumi Jinja　垂水神社 Tarumi Shrine .
大阪府吹田市垂水町1-24-6 // 1 Chome-24-6 Tarumichō, Suita

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

.................................................................................　Kyoto 京都府
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亀岡市 Kameoka city

. yumemakura, yume makura 夢枕 "dream pillow" .

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. Legends about Jizo Bosatsu - 地蔵菩薩 .
kome haki Jizo 米吐き地蔵 Jizo spitting out rice
Once upon a time, at the temple 金輪寺 Kinrin-Ji, there was a special statue of Jizo Bosatsu. When people in need came here, he would spit out rice for them.
A young boy asked to spit out a little more, but since then, Jizo stopped spitting rice.

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. Kōbō Daishi Kūkai 弘法大師　空海 - 伝説 Kobo Daishi Kukai Legends .
Once upon a time, a dirty priest was resting on the banks of the river 穴川 Anagawa. Further down the river a woman was washing leaves for supper. The priest begun to wash his tenugui 手拭 hand towel. The woman got very angry and the priest left.
The priest was in fact Kobo Daishi. And from this time on, fresh water did not flow in this village any more.
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In 曽我部村 Sogabe village, 穴太 Ano hamlet, Kobo Daishi asked for a drink of water, but the villagers did not give him any.
Since than the water in Ano village became too dirty to drink.
.....
At the bank of river 犬飼川 Inukaigawa, Kobo Daishi asked a farmer for water, but did not get any.
The farmer refused to give him any.
Later the water of the river did not flow any more when it was needed by the farmer.
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. shibugaki 渋柿 bitter persimmons .

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. Kannon Bosatsu 観音菩薩伝説 legends about Kannon .
Once a hunter mistook the Kannon Statue from 独鈷抛山 Mount Tokkonage for a fox and hot an arrow at her. The arrow hit the eye of Kannon and she went down to the river to wash her eye for a full recovery. Since this event the water from the valley of Mount Tokkonage is said to heal ganbyoo 眼病 eye diseases.
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Once there was a fire at the temple 厳平寺 Yohei-Ji and people thought the statue of Kannon had burned with it.
A villager had a dream about Kannon, who told him "I feel so lonely, please come and pick me up!" All the villagers begun looking and found her below the hamlet.

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. kinkei 金鶏と伝説 Legends about the golden rooster .
The mound 車塚 Kurumazuka
and
Niwatorizaka にはとり坂 the slope of the rooster

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Kuwayama Jinja 鍬山神社 Kuwayama Shrine
京都府亀岡市上矢田町上垣内22 / Kamigaichi-22 Kamiyadachō

- quote -
Built in 709, Kuwayama Jinja was long protected by the feudal lords of Kameyama Castle.
This shrine's long history and close proximity to Kameyama Castle established a strong relationship between the feudal lords and the citizens of the town. It was also an ideal location for the fall festival (the Kameoka Festival held in October). It honors the Shinto God credited with creating the Tamba region in which Kameoka is located.
The area where Kameoka sits now was once a lake. It is said that a Shinto God dug a path through the mountains with a hoe, which drained the lake and became the Hozugawa River. This shrine is named after that act
(in Japanese, kuwa means "hoe" and yama means "mountain").
Registered as a national cultural asset, Kuwayama Shrine is famous for its maple trees. The leaves turn such brilliant colors in the fall that the shrine seems as if it is surrounded by fire.
- source : city.kameoka.kyoto.jp... -

At the top of 天岡山 Mount Amaokayama there was once a strange light.
A deity appeared clad in armour with bow and arrows. He said its name was
挙田神 the deity from Aguta.
He left one bow and one arrow and left. This is now the 御神体 goshintai "sacred body of the Kami" at the shrine.

. kengeki no hibiki 剣戟の響 sound of sword fighting .
- 鍬山宮 : 大巳貴神＜おおなむちのかみ＞(大国主神) Daikoku (rabbit)
- 八幡宮 : 応神天皇（誉田別尊>＜ほむだわけのみこと＞ Ojin (dove)

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. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .
On a huge kaya 榧 torreya tree there lived a Tengu. He would fish for people walking below the tree.
.....
There lives a Tengu at 篠村の長尾 Nagao in Shino mura village.
On the 9th day of the first lunar month, the day of Yamanokami, he throws the seeds of shino 篠 bamboo grass to the villagers who come for a ritual. Those who are hit by it will have bad luck, a fire or other disaster in the coming year.

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. Yakushi Nyorai 薬師如来 the Buddha of Medicine - Bhaisajyaguru .
Yakushido no kane 薬師堂の鐘 the bell of the Yakushi Do Hall
,
Yakushi no butsuzoo 薬師の仏像 Statue of Yakushi

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -
70 亀岡市

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. kaidoo 街道と伝説 Legends about the old Kaido highways .

. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - The Japanese Home .

. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

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- - - - - #kameoka #kameyama #kyoto #mitsuhide #akechimitsuhide #settan #settsu #takatsuki #onohara #nosekaido #suitakaido #koraibashi - - - -
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3/06/2020

Kaore Kaido Highway

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
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Kaore Kaido かおれ街道 Kaore Highway
愛知県 Aichi

- quote
Okazaki-shi Kaore keikoku　岡崎市かおれ渓谷 Kaore Gorge in Okazaki City
Kaore Gorge is a 0.5 km gorge along the Kaore Kaido road and the Otogawa River in the northern part of Sakuragata Town in Okazaki City, Aichi Prefecture. It is a scenic spot where you can enjoy seasonal changes in the scenery including cherry blossoms in early spring, Koinobori (carp streamers) in May, tender green in summer and crimson foliage in fall.
Especially beautiful is the cherry blossom season,
when the entire gorge is colored pale pink by about 80 Somei Yoshino cherry trees. From April through May, about 200 carp streamers are set out over the upstream of the river, which create a wonderful landscape. In summer, you can enjoy forest bathing in brilliant fresh green together with refreshing sound of clear water and fresh air.
The best hiking season is from the middle of November to early December, when the gorge is surrounded with beautiful autumn leaves.
- Sakuragata-cho, Okazaki, Aichi Prefecture
- source : nippon-kichi.jp...

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乙川（おとがわ）を代表する「かおれ渓谷」で四季折々の美しい景観と歴史を楽しむ
かおれ渓谷を流れる乙川と、毛呂（けろ）川が合流する位置にある史跡「日近城跡（ひぢかじょうあと）」は、岡崎市の指定文化財。その麓には曹洞宗の寺院「広祥院」（こうしょういん）があり、1339年、足利氏の執事であった高氏により創立され、渓谷と城跡を合わせた一帯を「日近の里」と呼び、歴史と自然が一度に味わえるスポットです。日近城は作手奥平氏の西進の拠点でした。文明10年（1478）に貞昌が日近城を築き、次男の貞直を配しました。中世山城の典型で、本曲輪、二の曲輪、三の曲輪が一列になった連郭形を成しています。近隣の河川沿いは「かおれ渓谷」と呼ばれ、市内屈指の景勝地で、特に紅葉の時期は必見です。
愛知県岡崎市桜形町般興
Kaore Gorge is a 0.5 km gorge along the Kaore Kaido road and the Otogawa River in the northern part of Sakuragata Town in Okazaki City.
It is a very beautiful area where you can enjoy seasonal changes in the landscape including cherry blossoms in early spring, Koinobori (carp streamers) in May, soft green in summer and crimson foliage in Autumn.
During the Cheery blossom season, it is especially beautiful, as the entire gorge is colored pale pink by about 80 Somei Yoshino cherry trees. From April through May, about 200 carp streamers are set out over the upstream of the river.
In summer, the Gorge becomes popular amongst bathers wishing to make the most of the clear air and fresh spring water.
The best hiking season is from the middle of November to early December, when the area is surrounded with beautiful autumn leaves.
- reference source : okazaki-kanko.jp... -

There are other places named Kaore, spelled with different characters.

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Kaore Keikoku かおれけいこく / かおれ渓谷 / 川浦渓谷 Kaore Valley
岐阜県 Gifu

About 7 km long.

全長約７ｋｍに及ぶ断崖の渓谷。神秘的な秘境を高さ２０ｍの橋から覗き込むと、まるで吸い込まれてしまいそう。渓谷に響く水の音に聞き入りながら、一周４０分程度の遊歩道を散策するのも◎ 落差８０ｍもある滝は下部に虹が見えることも。「飛騨美濃紅葉三十三選」にも選出された紅葉は、色鮮やかな木々と渓谷の荒々しさのコントラストが見ものです。
岐阜県関市板取川浦 Seki, Itatori, Kaore
- reference source : sekikanko.jp/modules... -

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Kawaura Onsen Hot Spring 川浦温泉
山梨県山梨市三富川浦 Yamanashi 1140 Mitomi Kawaura

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Kaore カオレ Kaole
Town in Tanzania.

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

.................................................................................　Yamanashi 山梨県
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東山梨郡 Higashi-Yamanashi district 三富村 Mitomi village

. Fuefukigawa "笛吹川 River where the flute was played" .
Legend of Gonzaburo Fudo 権三郎不動

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kama 釜 hollows, riverpools
In the river Fuefukigawa there were two hollows and then from Mitomi the lumber was transported downriver.
If anything fell into the hollow, it was lost to the deep bottom.
To prevent things from getting lost, people made offerings of sakedaru 酒1樽 one barrel of sake rice wine and sekihan 赤飯 one dish of auspicious red rice to the Suijin 水神 Deity of Water.
The barrels and rice were bound together strongly and placed into the hollow in the evening. Next morning they would float empty on the water.

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Kobo Daishi Kukai 弘法大師
Once upon a time,
弘法大師 Kobo Daishi was in 川浦地方 the Kawaura region and begged an old woman for some kayu 粥 rice gruel made with 粟 millet.
The old woman said she had kept some ヤマメ Yamame trout in the gruel and it tasted unpleasant, so she could not give it to him. Kobo Daishi said if she would let the fish back into the river, they will come back to life. When the old woman threw the boiled 山女魚 Yamame into the river, they came back to life and swam away with the rice gruel still on their bodies.
Since that time, the Yamame in the river 笛吹川 Fuefukigawa have some spots like millet grains on their body.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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3/04/2020

Inaba Kaido Highway

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
- Wakasa Kaido, see below -
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Inaba Kaido 因幡街道 Inaba Highway
Connecting Himeji in 兵庫県 Hyogo with 鳥取 Tottori.

source and photos : yasu310/inaba-kaidou...

. Sanin Kaido 山陰街道 Sanin Highway, San'in Highway .
11 鳥取宿（鳥取県鳥取市）- Tottori

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- Postal stations along the Inaba Kaido

Himeji 姫路 Hyogo（兵庫県姫路市）
Shikisai 飾西宿（兵庫県姫路市）
Hashisaki 觜崎宿（兵庫県たつの市）
Senbon 千本宿（兵庫県たつの市）
Mikazuki 三日月宿（兵庫県佐用郡佐用町）
Hirafuku 平福宿（兵庫県佐用郡佐用町）
Ohara 大原宿 Okayama （岡山県美作市）
Sakane 坂根宿（岡山県英田郡西粟倉村）
Komagaeri 駒帰宿 Tottori（鳥取県八頭郡智頭町）
Chizu 智頭宿（鳥取県八頭郡智頭町）
Mochigase 用瀬宿（鳥取県鳥取市）
Kawara 河原宿（鳥取県鳥取市）
Tottori 鳥取（鳥取県鳥取市）

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Ohara 大原宿

Ohara is connected to the birth of the famous swordsman
. Miyamoto Musashi 宮本武蔵 (1584 - 1645) .
Miyamoto no Sato 武蔵の里
Shrine 武蔵神社 Musashi Jinja

岡山県美作市宮本968 / Okayama, Mimasaka, Miyamoto 968

- Link with more photos from Ohara :
source and photos : yasu310/inaba-kaidou...

The road Musashi took to leave home is called
Musashi Michi　武蔵道 Musashi Road

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Chizu 智頭宿

. Visiting Chizu .
Ishitani Family Residence / 智頭石谷家住宅 and more

Chizu Orai route 智頭往来ルート
crossing over the pass 志戸坂峠 Shitozaka Toge.
Now National Highway Nr. 373
It was used for Sankin Kotai to Edo by the Lord of 鳥取藩 Tottori Han.

Shitozaka tunnel

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- quote -
Inaba Province (因幡国, Inaba no kuni)
was an old province of Japan in the area that is today the eastern part of Tottori Prefecture. It was sometimes called Inshū (因州).
Inaba bordered on Harima, Hōki, Mimasaka, and Tajima Provinces.
The ancient capital, and the castle town, were at Tottori city. Ube jinja was designated as the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) for the province.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Wakasa Kaido 若桜街道（わかさかいどう) Wakasa Highway
This old highway connects the city of Tottori with nearby 若桜町 Wakasa town.
Now National Highway Nr. 29.
When the road reached Hyogo prefecture, it was named 因幡街道 Inaba Kaido.

- quote -
Wakasa (若桜町, Wakasa-chō)
is a town located in 八頭町 Yazu District, Tottori Prefecture, Japan. ...
Wakasa, located deep in the Chūgoku Mountains, is 95% mountainous. The population of Wakasa is primarily located in mountain villages in a line from the southeast to northwest of the town. Most of the population is located along the Hattō River or its small tributaries.
The town hosts an annual 'Yukigassen', an organised snowball fighting tournament in which up to fifty teams participate. The winners win a trip to participate in the Hokkaido grand tournament.
- - - - - History
- Early history
The mountainous areas of Wakasa do not appear to have supported a population in early Japanese history.
No remains from the Jōmon (14,000 – 300 BCE) or Yayoi 300 BCE – 250 CE) periods have been found in Wakasa. The town had two or three small settlements in the Kofun period (250 – 538). Wakasa became part of Yakami District in Inaba Province early in recorded Japanese history. Settlements in the area are appeared early in the Heian period (794 – 1185), and the name of a village called Wakasa first appear in the historical record this time.
The Yabe clan controlled Wakasa throughout the Heian period to the end of the Kamakura period (1185 – 1333). The Yabe built 若桜鬼ヶ城（わかさおにがじょう）Wakasa Onigajo Castle in this period.A The existence of the Yabe clan and Oniga castle are noted in the Taiheiki, a Japanese historical epic written in the late 14th century.
- Later history
Wakasa, located in a richly forested area of the Chūgoku Mountains, was a source of lumber and lumber products from early times. The production of raw timber, planks, charcoal, and firewood is noted as early as the Kamakura period. These products, as well as rice, were transported on the Hattō River for export to other parts of Japan via the Japan Sea.
At the beginning of the Edo period (1603 – 1868) the Tokugawa shogunate developed land for rice paddies in Wakasa as part of a nationwide effort to increase rice production in Japan. The mountainous areas of Wakasa provided extensive irrigation for rice-producing areas in the flatlands of the lower Sendai River, but Wakasa suffered frequent flooding from the Hattō River, notably in 1815 and 1888.
After the Meiji Restoration in 1868 Wakasa became part of the newly formed Tottori Prefecture. The town was officially incorporated under administrative reforms by the Meiji government in 1889.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

remains of 若桜鬼ヶ城 Wakasa Onigajo Castle

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因幡 - 伯耆のみち - 檮原街道 Inaba, Hōki / Hoki no Michi, Yusuhara Kaido
司馬遼太郎「街道をゆく」Ryōtarō Shiba Ryotaro

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

. The White Rabbit of Inaba 因幡の白兎 .

.................................................................................　Tottori 鳥取県
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智頭 Chizu

. kitsune densetsu 狐と伝説 fox legends .
Once a child was bewitched by a fox. A Buddhist priest performed rituals and blew his horagai ホラ貝 conch shell during the whole night.
Next morning the child was dead.

- - - - -

Seirenzuka no matsu 正蓮塚の松 pine at the Seiren mound
Also called Yamabushi matsu 山伏松 "pine of the Yamabushi mountain priest".
Near the Chizubashi bridge. A samurai called 花房彌次郎 / 花房弥次郎 Hanabusa Yajiro lived here.
Yajiro had a dream about a Yamabushi who told him he could not go to the Buddhist paradise and asked Yajiro to perform rituals for him.
Yajiro went to the temple 龍峯寺 Ryubu-Ji and asked the priest to perform rituals. After that, the bad dreams of Yajiro stopped.

Chizubashi bridge 智頭橋 in Tottori, over the river 袋川 Fukurogawa - one of the 100 famous bridges of Japan.

. matsu 松と伝説 Legends about the pine tree .

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岩美郡 Iwami district

. namazu なまず / 鯰　the catfish - der Wels .
In the lake 多鯰ヶ池 Tanegaike there lived a huge catfish. His mouth was more than 3 meters wide. Once some people came by boat to cross this lake and the catfish tried to swallow them with the boat.
There also lived a special unagi 鰻 eel in the lake.
Only its head was huge, but the rest of its body was very frail.

. unagi うなぎ /　鰻と伝説 Legends about the eel .

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若桜町 Wakasa town

. Kannon Bosatsu 観音菩薩伝説 legends about Kannon .
Once a thief wanted to steal the Kannon statue in the yard of the school of the hamlet 中原 Nakahara. He tried to carry it, but it became more and more heavy. When he turned to bring it back, it became light again.
Another version tells of a rope which the thief used, and it fell apart.
. . .
Many years ago there was a special hospital for densenbyosha 伝染病者 people with infectious epidemic diseases above the statue of Kannon.
A nearby farmhouse had a fire and a bundle of straw flew toward the hospital, which also begun to burn.
Since it was above the Kannon statue, people thought the deity did not like the hospital and helped to burn it.

- - - - -

. Konjin, Konjin Sama 金神, 金神様 deity of metal .
Konjin San is a wicket deity who curses people.
Once it was outdide the home, but a priest advised to put it inside on the kamidana 神棚 shelf of the Gods and venerate it there.

- - - - -

. Kojin Sama 荒神様 Aragami "wild deity" .
If people do not venerate this deity properly, they will be cursed.
Once something bad happened in the hamlet and people said it was the curse of 門田家の荒神さん Kojin sama from the Kadota family.
Now they come and venerate there to appease the deity.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

kimodameshi 肝試し test of courage
On the 14th day of the 12th month, the day when the famous 47 Ronin killed their enemy as told in the Chushingura story,
the young people from the village have to pass a test of courage.
They have to go to the graveyard or the local Shinto shrine at night and the elders threaten them from behind the big 銀杏 Gingko tree along the road.

. Chushingura 忠臣蔵 and the 47 Ronin .

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

. tanuki 狸 - mujina 狢－ racoon dog, badger legends .
Deep in the mountains of the 吉川 Yoshikawa hamlet there were many forest workers cutting trees, living in a small hut. At night a woman came peeking into the hut. The woodcutters were afraid and slept with their axes by the bedside. The next evening the woman came again and walked into the hut, looking at each one face. When she came to the last one in the back, he took his ax to kill her, but she run away. All his companions had their tongues cut out and were dead.
All the villagers from Yoshikawa went to the mountain now and followed the blood trail until they came to a cave in a valley. In the hole they found the white hair of a Tanuki, who had killed all the people.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

. kitsune densetsu 狐と伝説 fox legends .
If someone talks bad about a fox in the evening, the fox will come at night and bark around the house so that people can not sleep.
.
On a mountain road the fox may do a lot of tricks:
make people loose their way, shape-shift into a woman to seduce a man, show a home by the roadside, steal the candle from the lantern of steal the fish someone is carrying.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -
因幡若桜町 // 43 因幡

池に関する因幡の伝説 Legends from Inaba related to ponds and lakes
徳田貞一

因幡若桜の民俗 Tales from Inaba Wakasa
六信仰

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

春灯の因幡の宿の茶粥かな
shuntoo no Inaba no yado no chagayu kana

lamplight in spring
at a lodging in Inaba eating rice gruel
cooked with tea . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve

いちろ Ichiro

. shuntoo 春燈 (しゅんとう) lamplight in spring .

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3/02/2020

Yokohama Michi Road

Passing the modern 横浜市西区 Western Ward and 中区 Central ward of Yokohama.

With the arrival of foreign vessels demanding the opening of Japan around 1858 and the treaty 日米修好通商条約, the harbour of Yokohama was opened in 1859.
The Edo Bakufu government wanted to prevent the foreigners to come too close to the 神奈川宿 Kanagawa-Juku and built a new port at 横浜村 Yokohama Mura village.
During these times, the connection between Kanagawa and Yokohama was inconvenient. Some parts had just been landfilled and were still quite wet.
A new road was built under the supervision of 苅部清兵衛 Karubei Seibei.
In 1898 under the supervision of 下岡蓮杖 Shimooka Renjo (1823 - 1914) the part from the bridge 吉田橋 to 築地 was finished.
In 1872, the railroad from Yokohama to 新橋 Shinbashi was opened.

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- Places along the Yokohama Michi -

Shibaumura, Shibau mura 芝生村 (present day 西区浅間町 Sengen cho)

Hiranumabashi 平沼橋

Ishizakibashi 石崎橋 (present day 敷島橋 Shikishimabashi)

Tobemura village 戸部村

Nogeyama 野毛山

Otabashi 太田橋 (present day 吉田橋 Yoshidabashi)

Bashamichi 馬車道

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- quote -

Yokohama Bashamichi
The symbol of enlightenment from Meiji era and on, Yokohama. [Bashamichi Shopping Avenue], an area celebrating its 150th anniversary offers attractions such as historic spots, edifices, and food related to Yokohama’s history that can be enjoyed while taking a stroll. On the street where many historical buildings remain, you will find many monuments commemorating birthplace of things unique to Bashamichi, home of modern culture; you can also enjoy public art and eateries with a long history.
... Symbol of enlightenment; "Kane-no-hashi (iron bridge) Monument (Yoshidahashi)"
Yoshidahashi had a gateway established at its foot at the time the port opened. As Japan opened itself to the world in Meiji period, the bridge was revamped with Japan’s first truss structure method by R. H. Brunton, a British civil engineer. At that time it was called “Kane-no-hashi (iron bridge)” and was commonly known as a symbol of enlightenment.
The current balustrade was reconstructed resembling “Kane-no-hashi” in those days; now it is regarded as a historical site “Yoshidahashi-kanmon-ato (ruins of Yoshidahashi gateway)” along with “Kane-no-hashi Monument,” handing down the spirit of Meiji to present.
... The first attempt in Japan aiming for a city with abundant greenery;
“Location of the First Modern Tree-lined Street in Japan”
It is said that a tree-lined street developed to strengthen cityscape beauty in a city where overpopulation was expected due to modernization. The first tree-lined street in Japan actually derived from this Bashamichi. It is said that modern tree-lined street began when stores at Bashamichi planted willow and pine trees to make a nice-looking cityscape in 1867 (3rd year of Keio).
... Ice cream in Japan originated in Bashamichi
It all began when Machida Fusazo sold them as “Aisukurin” in Meiji 2.
... The first gas light in Japan also lit up in Bashamichi
by “Nippon Gas Shachu,” a gas company owned by Takashima Kaemon in Meiji 5.
..... A well-established pharmacy familiar with western and Chinese medicine, “Heiandoo-yakkyoku.”
Heiandoo-yakkyoku is a well-established business established in Meiji 3 as Kinokuniya-yakuho that has added years in tandem with Bashamichi. Eisuke (Shintaro), its second generation, is one of the pharmacists who passed yakuho-kaigyo-shiken, the first national examination for pharmacists.
... Rokumeikan apparel that can be borrowed at “Shinanoya,”
the oldest boutique in Japan is also a topic of conversation
... Nipponkoa Bashamichi Building
has a rare architecture with a hybrid of the buildings at the time of the opening of Yokohama Port and modern buildings.
It is a Neo Renaissance style building built in 1922.
... Shimooka Renjo Kenshohi (Honoring Monument of Renjo Shimooka),
a monument honoring a pioneer of Japan’s photography.
... Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Cultural History
retains its Meiji modern architecture as a cultural history capital. It was built as the head office of Yokohama Specie Bank, Ltd. in 1904 and was reborn as a museum run by Kanagawa prefecture.
... Bankoku-bashi bridge
the gateway to Yokohama which connects the port and Bashamichi
- source : tabido.jp/en-us -

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- quote -
Yokohama 横浜 ("horizontal beach")
is the second largest city in Japan by population, and the most populous municipality of Japan.
It is the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of Tokyo, in the Kantō region of the main island of Honshu. It is a major commercial hub of the Greater Tokyo Area.
Yokohama developed rapidly as Japan's prominent port city following the end of Japan's relative isolation in the mid-19th century, and is today one of its major ports along with Kobe, Osaka, Nagoya, Hakata, Tokyo, and Chiba.
The current area surrounded by Maita Park, the Ōoka River and the Nakamura River had been a gulf divided by a sandbar from the open sea. This sandbar was the original Yokohama fishing village. Since the sandbar protruded perpendicularly from the land, or horizontally when viewed from the sea, it was called a "horizontal beach".
- - - - - Opening of the Treaty Port (1859–1868)
Yokohama was a small fishing village up to the end of the feudal Edo period, when Japan held a policy of national seclusion, having little contact with foreigners. A major turning point in Japanese history happened in 1853–54, when Commodore Matthew Perry arrived just south of Yokohama with a fleet of American warships, demanding that Japan open several ports for commerce, and the Tokugawa shogunate agreed by signing the Treaty of Peace and Amity. ... Yokohama quickly became the base of foreign trade in Japan.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Nogeyama Dobutsuen 野毛山動物園 Zoological Gardens

- quote -
Located on a hilltop in a quiet residential neighborhood, Nogeyama Park is a great place to escape the crowds and enjoy the peaceful greenery and wide open spaces. When walking around it is hard to believe that you are only a few minutes away from one of the liveliest parts of Yokohama. A short distance away from this park is another interesting place worth visiting, Nogeyama Zoological Gardens.
Opened in 1951,
Nogeyama was the first zoo to be opened in Yokohama. Covering an area of 8 acres, Nogeyama is the only centrally located zoo within Yokohama, making it very convenient and easy to access. More importantly, it is free!
The zoo has initiated a number of improvements including the construction of a new `Nakayoshi` area allowing children to interact freely with smaller animals. Many new programs have also been introduced including a `Night Zoo` during the summer months.
Because of its compact size,
this Zoo makes a nice place to spend several hours wandering around the various enclosures. There are about 100 different species of animals including monkeys, wild cats, birds and several Red Pandas.
Without doubt, the Red Pandas are the star attraction of this zoo and are therefore located close to main entrance, making them the first and last animals that you will see. Having seen a couple of Red Pandas recently at another zoo, I was very impressed by the design of the enclosure which almost (but not quite), allows you to get within touching distance.
Along with the usual array of animals
that can be found in many other zoos, are several `Tuften Capuchin`, (a small South American Money).
The next interesting creature was a Kagu, (A bird). Indigenous to New Caledonia and a little similar to the New Zealand Kiwi.. Indeed, Nogeyama can boast about being the only zoo in Japan and perhaps one of the few places in the world to host this bird.
- source : yokohamajapan.com... -

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. Shrine Yokohama Narita San 横浜成田山 .
延命院 Enmei-In / - 横浜別院 Yokohama Betsu-In - Noge
横浜市中区野毛町の成田山横浜別院

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- quote -
Shimooka Renjō 下岡蓮杖 (1823 – 1914)
was a Japanese photographer and was one of the first professional photographers in Japan.
He opened the first commercial photography studio in Yokohama, and in Japan he is widely considered the father of Japanese photography.
... He was born with the name Sakurada Hisanosuke in Shimoda on the Izu Peninsula in central Honshū to a samurai family. When he was thirteen years old he moved to Edo (Tokyo) to study painting and serve as an apprentice to a stock merchant. In 1843 he served as a samurai in the Shimoda artillery battery where he may have been first introduced to daguerreotypes from the Netherlands. ...
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- quote -
Steam Train on the Yokohama Coastal Railway

This picture shows a newly-introduced steam locomotive as well as steamships
from a number of different countries offshore,
making it a typical depiction of Yokohama in the early years of Japan's modernization.
The car at the far right of the train has the words "intermediate class,"
showing that different classes of rail travel were already in use at that time.
Yokohama was once a sleepy hamlet, but the opening of a port in 1859 (Ansei 6)
occasioned its transformation into Japan's foremost foreign trade city.
There emerged a new genre known as yokohama-e (yokohama ukiyo-e), or prints of Yokohama,
that depicted the transformation of the port area, steamships, foreign visitors, imported goods, and the like.
Most works in this genre were produced in the two years from 1860 (Man'en 1) to 1861 (Bunkyū 1).
With the advent of the Meiji period, interest shifted from Yokohama to the new city of Tokyo,
and yokohama-e prints began to be replaced by kaika-e,
colored woodblock prints of "civilization and enlightenment."
A new rail line joining Shinbashi and Yokohama (now Sakuragichō) stations opened in 1872 (Meiji 5),
and this became a popular theme for woodblock prints, including many that depicted scenes of Yokohama.
source: Tokyo Metropolitan Museum !

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2/28/2020

Nankaido Gokishichido

- quote
a Japanese geographical term.
It means both an ancient division of the country and the main road running through it. The road connected provincial capitals in this region.
It was part of the 五畿七道 Gokishichidō system.
The Nankaidō encompassed the pre-Meiji provincial lands of Kii and Awaji, plus the four provinces that made up the island of Shikoku: Awa, Sanuki, Tosa, and Iyo.
The road extended from Nara to the seacoast to the south on the 紀伊半島 Kii Peninsula of the island of Honshū in Japan and crossing the sea, extended to Yura (nowadays Sumoto) and then Shikoku.
- source : wikipedia

- Areas along the Nankaido
紀伊国 Kii no Kuni （現在の和歌山県 Wakayama、三重県南部 Southern Mie）
淡路国 Awaji no Kuni（現在の兵庫県淡路島 Hyogo, Awaji、沼島 Nushima）
阿波国 Awa no Kuni （現在の徳島県 Tokushima）
讃岐国 Sanuki no Kuni （現在の香川県 Kagawa）
伊予国 Io no Kuni （現在の愛媛県 Ehime）
土佐国 Tosa no Kuni （現在の高知県 Kochi）

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Gokishichido 五畿七道 goki shichido - Five provinces and seven roads
kinai shichidoo 畿内七道 .

- quote -

Gokishichidō (五畿七道, "five provinces and seven circuits")
was the name for ancient administrative units organized in Japan during the Asuka period (AD 538–710), as part of a legal and governmental system borrowed from the Chinese. Though these units did not survive as administrative structures beyond the Muromachi period (1336–1573), they did remain important geographical entities until the 19th century.
The Gokishichidō consisted of five provinces in the Kinai (畿内) or capital region, plus seven dō (道) or circuits, each of which contained provinces of its own.
When Hokkaido was included as a circuit after the defeat of the Republic of Ezo in 1869, the system was briefly called Gokihachidō (五畿八道, "five provinces and eight circuits") until the abolition of the han system in 1871.

- - - - - The five Kinai provinces
were local areas in and around the imperial capital (first Heijō-kyō at Nara, then Heian-kyō at Kyōto). They were:
Yamato Province (now Nara Prefecture)
Yamashiro Province (now the southern part of Kyōto Prefecture, including the city of Kyōto)
Kawachi Province (now the southeastern part of Osaka Prefecture)
Settsu Province (now the northern part of Osaka Prefecture, including the city of Osaka, and parts of Hyōgo Prefecture)
Izumi Province (now the southern part of Osaka Prefecture)

- - - - - The seven Circuits
... administrative areas stretching away from the Kinai region in different directions. Running through each of the seven areas was an actual road of the same name, connecting the imperial capital with all of the provincial capitals along its route.
-- Eastern sea circuit / Tōkaidō (running east along Japan's Pacific coast).
-- Eastern mountains circuit / Tōsandō (northeast through the Japanese Alps).
-- Northern land circuit / Hokurikudō (northeast along the Sea of Japan coast).
-- Dark (Northern) mountains circuit / Sanindō (west along the Sea of Japan coast).
-- Light (Southern) mountains circuit / Sanyōdō (west along the northern side of the Seto Inland Sea).
-- Southern sea circuit / Nankaidō (south to the Kii Peninsula and the islands of Awaji and Shikoku).
-- Western sea circuit / Saikaidō (the "western" island, Kyūshū).
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

東山道の「道内」を走る街道
・本街道を「中山道」「日光街道」
・脇街道を「西近江街道」「伊那街道」「野麦街道（善光寺道）」「七里半越え」「白川街道」「飛騨街道」「上保街道」「郡上街道」「美濃街道」「北国街道」「北国西街道」
- reference source : sakaekai.net... -

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Kaminoho Kaido 上保街道 Kaminoho Kaido
Gifu 岐阜県
Now part of national highway 156.

八幡 Hachiman
白鳥 Shiratori

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Nankaido - Walking in Wakayama
- reference source : wakayama-kanko.or.jp/walk... -

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屠蘇酌むや南海道の鯨守り
toso nomu ya Nankaido no kujira mori

広江八重桜 Hiroe Yaezakura (1879 - 1945)

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