Edo - the EDOPEDIA -

1/30/2018

Kuki clan family

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. Persons and People of Edo - Personen .
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Kuki shi 九鬼氏 Kuki ke 九鬼家 the Kuki clan, Kuki family

The Kûki family was originally from Muro district of Kii province, and had been settled in Shima province by
Kuki Takayoshi.
The clan became powerful in the Ago district of Shima and developed a reputation as pirates.
Yoshitaka, the eldest son of Kûki Sadataka (a warlord with a reputation for being a pirate),
Kuki suigun 九鬼水軍 the Kuki navy
Kuki Tadayoshi claimed remote descent from Fujiwara Tadahira, an important court noble of the 9th-10th century.
- source : samurai wiki -

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Kuki Yoshitaka (九鬼嘉隆) (1542 – November 17, 1600)
was a naval commander during Japan's Sengoku Period, under Oda Nobunaga, and later, Toyotomi Hideyoshi. He was also the ninth headmaster of the Kuki family's school of martial arts, Kukishin-ryū and thus a very skilled warrior.

In the 1570s, Kuki allied himself with Oda Nobunaga, and commanded his fleet, supporting land-based attacks on the Ikkō-ikki. In 1574, his aid ensured a victory for Nobunaga in his third attempt to attack the Nagashima fortress. In 1576, he was defeated at Kizugawaguchi by the Mōri clan fleet, but 1578 brought victory in the second Battle of Kizugawaguchi, in which Kuki used 'iron ships' to repel the arrows and musket balls of the opposing Mōri clan's ships.

In 1587, he led Toyotomi Hideyoshi's fleet in a campaign in Kyūshū, alongside Konishi Yukinaga, Wakizaka Yasuharu and Katō Yoshiaki. Three years later, along with Wakizaka Yasuharu and Kato Yoshiaki he went on to lead the Siege of Odawara and the Siege of Shimoda. He continued in his role as commander of Hideyoshi's fleet, launching an invasion of Korea in 1592 from his flagship Nipponmaru. He was severely defeated in the Battle of Myeongryang.

In the Battle of Sekigahara, Kuki Yoshitaka fought alongside the Toyotomi forces, while his son Kuki Moritaka joined the opposing force, under Tokugawa Ieyasu. Following Tokugawa's victory, his son successfully guaranteed Yoshitaka's safety from Ieyasu. In a turn of fate, Yoshitaka committed seppuku before the news reached him.

Kuki Moritaka (九鬼守隆) (?1573 ?1597 - October 28, 1632)
九鬼氏鳥羽藩初代藩主 First Lord of the Toba Domain
was a general and admiral in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu, and the son of Kuki Yoshitaka, one of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's top generals.
In the last years of the 16th century,
Kuki Moritaka supported Tokugawa Ieyasu in his bid for power, while his father fought for the opposing side, supporting Ishida Mitsunari. After Tokugawa's victory, Moritaka was confirmed in lordship of his family's han (fief), which was raised from 26,000 koku to 46,000 in wealth and power. Afterwards, Moritaka remained a loyal general to the Tokugawa, commanding a fleet in the siege of Osaka in 1614-1615.
- source : wikipedia -

. Kontaiji 金胎寺 Kontai-Ji, Toba .
This temple became the clan temple of the Kuki clan.

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The Edo estate of the 九鬼家 Kuki family of the 丹波綾部 Tanba Ayabe domain was in Edo, Sarue.

In their park was an old pine, the famous
小名木川五本松 Onagigawa Gohon Matsu

Edo Meisho Zue

. Saruechoo 猿江町 Sarue Cho - "Monkey Inlet" in Edo .

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- quote
Toba Castle (鳥羽城 Toba-jō)
was a Japanese castle (now in ruins) located in Toba, Mie Prefecture, Japan.
Throughout the Edo period, Toba Castle was the administrative center for Toba Domain, a feudal domain of Shima Province under the Tokugawa shogunate. Located on the coast of Ise Bay, with its main gate facing the ocean, Toba Castle was also known as the Floating Castle of Toba (鳥羽の浮城 Toba-no-uki-jō) or the Two-color Castle (二色城 Nishoku-jō) (from the fact that its seaward side was painted black, and landward side painted white).
The castle was constructed in 1594 by Kuki Yoshitaka,
an admiral under Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who commanded a force of Japanese pirates, who dominated the Ise Bay area in the Sengoku period. The Kuki clan ruled for three generations until 1633.
Following three generations of the Kuki clan until 1633,
the castle came under the control of Naito Tadashige who expanded the grounds by adding a second and third bailey. It was subsequently ruled by various daimyō in the early Edo period, until it came into the possession of the Inagaki clan in 1725. The Inagaki ruled the 30,000 koku Toba Domain for eight generations until the Meiji restoration. The three-story tenshu (donjon) of the castle, built in 1633, was destroyed in 1854 during one of the Ansei great earthquakes and was not rebuilt.
The remaining structures of the castle
were destroyed in 1871 by orders of the new Meiji government. Located on the castle site are the modern Toba city hall, city elementary school, Shiroyama Park, and Toba Aquarium
- source : wikipedia

Kuki suigun 九鬼水軍 the Kuki navy
九鬼水軍楽市 Market in Toba, Mie prefecture

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. Kuki Shūzō 九鬼周造 Kuki Shuzo .
(1888 – 1941)
was a prominent Japanese academic, philosopher and university professor.

source : squatyama.blog.so-net.ne.jp...

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Kuki 九鬼 - means "nine Oni demons"
. Onipedia 日本の鬼 The Demons of Japan .

The name 九鬼 can also be read くおに Kuoni or きゅうき Kyuuki
Kuki-ura 九木浦 "Inlet with nine trees"
It goes back to the inleyKukiura 九木浦 / 九鬼浦 (spelled originally with 木 tree instead of Oni),
which was given to the 藤原氏 Fujiwara clan (or the 綾部家 Ayabe clan) by 天智天皇 Tenji Tenno (626 - 672).

三重県尾鷲市九鬼町 / Kukicho village, Owase, Mie
It is also a place name in many parts of Japan, often for rocks, boulders, small caves or steep valleys.

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

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九鬼大隅守 Kuki Osumi no Kami

Nipponmaru (日本丸), flagship of Kuki Yoshitaka (九鬼嘉隆),
from '文禄癸巳六月於釜山海征韓水軍総督九鬼大隅守船柵之図'. Nipponmaru is believed to be one of the several Atakebune that was upgraded with iron plating. Tekkōsen (てっこうせん or 鉄甲船, lit. 'Ironclad ship').
... also known as ō-atakebune (大安宅船), is the souped-up and up-armoured version of atakebune (安宅船)
- source : greatmingmilitary.blogspot.com -

.................................................................................　Aichi 愛知県
南知多町 Minami-Chita

Kuki gun 九鬼軍 the army of the Kuki clan
In the year 1580, the Kuki army from Toba torched 岩屋寺本堂 the main hall of the temple Iwaya-Ji (Iwayadera) .
They came in their fearful 悪竹(あたけ) Atakebune 悪竹船 ships.
Before coming to Iwaya-Ji they torched many temples on the way, like 光明寺 Komyo-Ji, and killed the priests.
At that time of the attack, 白馬に乗った天女 a heavenly maiden on a white horse appeared, scooped water from 弁天の井 the Benten Well near the South Gate of Iwaya-Ji and threw it over the burning main hall. The flames soon receded and the main hall was miraculously back in its former shape.
The Kuki army fled in great fear and awe. The "Heavenly Maiden" was 藤島の弁天様 the Benten from Fujishima.

When Kuki Osumi no Kami attacked the temple Iwaya-Ji, many treasures were lost to fire and became ashes.
The three Sanzon statues jumped out of the flames, into the garden and hid in an old plum tree.
To our day, 三尊と梅の木 the Sanzon statues and the old plum tree still exist.

In 1868, at the back mountain of the temple 正衆寺 Shoshu-Ji there were strange flames to be seen dancing around, even on rainy nights.
The villagers were surprized and begun to dig in the area. They found old swords, armour and helmets and begun to venerate them. Soon the flames stopped to appear.
It seems that was a battleground of 九鬼嘉隆 Kuki Yoshitaka, who had killed so many samurai and villagers.

. onibi 鬼火 fire balls at Iwaya-Ji .

- Homepage to temple 岩屋寺 Iwaya-Ji
尾張高野山宗総本山　- Built in 715
- reference source : iwayaji.jp.. -

. Senju Kannon 千手観音 Kannon with 1000 Arms .
at Iwaya-Ji

.................................................................................　Nagano 長野県
東筑摩郡 Higashi-Chikuma district 明科町 Akashina

A village named Naguki 名九鬼
Naguki Akashinahigashikawate, Azumino-shi, Nagano
In Naguki is a 天狗松 Tengu pine, where the Tengu comes to sit on and have a look at the world below.

At 物見岩 Monomi-iwa there lived a demon. He was hit by an arrow of the general Sakanoue no Tamuramaro and fled to the village of Naguki, asking for help.
Other versions say his head and tail raised into the sky. The head fell down at Naguki, the tail at 柏尾 Kashio.
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. Sakanoue no Tamuramaro 坂上田村麻呂 . - (758 - 811)

.................................................................................　Osaka 大阪府
和泉市 Izumi

Kukitani, Kukidani 九鬼谷 Kuki valley
There lived a Father Oni and his nine Oni children in the valley.
This Kuki family, living quite secretely in the valley, venerated a Tengu.

.................................................................................　Wakayama 和歌山県
東牟婁郡 Higashi-Muro district 本宮町 Hongu

In Kukimura くきむら / 九鬼村 / 久木村 Kuki village there lived no Oni in former times.
A priest had captured a hiru l蛭 leech and asked him to get rid of the Oni, then he would eventually let him free. So the leech kept eating the Oni. . . .

The ancestors of 永原家 the Nagahara family once got rid of most of the Oni who lived in ヤキオダニ Yakio valley.
But they helped the leader of the Oni to survive. To celebrate with sake rice wine they went to オドリ山 mount Odoriyama.
The Oni liked it and called it 九鬼 "Kuki".

.................................................................................　Yamanashi 山梨県

. Kukiyama 九鬼山の鬼伝説　"Mountain with Nine Demons" .
Mt. Kukiyama is one of the 100 famous mountains of Yamanashi. It is 970 m high.
Once upon a time there lived nine bad demons on Mount Kukiyama.
They stole the food and Sake from the villagers.
And then came Momotaro to drive them out, . . . . .

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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1/12/2018

Tonegawa river

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
. kawa　江戸の川 -- 江戸の河 the rivers of Edo .
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Tonegawa 利根川 / 刀禰川 River Tonegawa, Tone river
Bandoo Taroo, Bandō Tarō 坂東太郎 Bando Taro

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The Tone River (利根川 Tone-gawa) is a river in the Kantō region of Japan.
It is 322 kilometers (200 mi) in length (the second longest in Japan after the Shinano) and has a drainage area of 16,840 square kilometers (6,500 sq mi) (the largest in Japan). It is nicknamed Bandō Tarō (坂東太郎); Bandō is an obsolete alias of the Kantō Region, and Tarō is a popular given name for an oldest son. It is regarded as one of the "Three Greatest Rivers" of Japan, the others being the Yoshino in Shikoku and the Chikugo in Kyūshū.
... The Tone River was once known for its uncontrollable nature, and its route changed whenever floods occurred. It is hard to trace its ancient route, but it originally flowed into Tokyo Bay along the route of the present-day Edo River, and tributaries like the Watarase and Kinu had independent river systems.
For the sake of water transportation and flood control, extensive construction began in the 17th century during the Tokugawa shogunate, when the Kantō region became the political center of Japan. The course of the river was significantly changed, and the present route of the river was determined during the Meiji period, with the assistance of Dutch civil engineer Anthonie Rouwenhorst Mulder.
Its vast watershed is thus largely artificial. ...
- More in the wikipedia -

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... By strict definition, the river begins on the 大水上山 Ōminakami Yama Ōminakami Mountains (literally, “Great Headwaters Mountains”) in Gunma Prefecture and empties out into the Pacific Ocean at 銚子 Chōshi in Chiba Prefecture. That said, the entire watershed is littered with towns and waterworks which reference the river, despite being off the official government designated course. The Arakawa and Edogawa are often cited unofficially as exit points of the river.

The Tone River as it flows through Maebashi (present day Gunma Prefecture).
... The history of the river is really long and complicated ...
- source : japanthis.com/2014... -

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Tonegawa barabara matsu　利ね川ばらばら松　/ 利根川ばらばら松
Scattered Pines”on the Bank of the Tonegawa River
Scattered Pines beside the Tone River
広重　Utagawa Hiroshige

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. 河童 / かっぱ / カッパ - Kappa, the Water Goblin of Japan! .

Neneko 禰々子 / 祢々子河童 / 弥々子河童（ねねこがっぱ) Neneko.
A female Kappa living in the river Tonegawa.
She became known around 1850. Every year she moved to a new place in the river and people, especially children drowned when she moved.
There was also a family which has the hand of a Neneko,禰々子の手 and venerated it, but the hand has been lost in recent years.

子ヽコ Neneko kappa in Tonegawa zushi by 赤松宗旦 Akamatsu Sōtan,1855
Tonegawa zushi 利根川図志 is an illustrated history of the Tone River. The book records the history and folklore of the communities found along the Tone. According to Sōtan, the river was believed to be home to the neneko kappa, illustrated here. With webbed claws and scaly skin, it was a dangerous creature that moved location every year, causing chaos wherever it went.
- British Library, London

Other tales from 利根川図誌 Tonegawa zushi

kawabotaru カワボタル river fireflies
In Chiba 千葉県, 印旛村 Inba mura
Two villagers went fishing at night. Suddenly the weather seemed to change to a storm and it became pitch-dark. A light came up from the water and begun to rise to the sky like a flame.
The villagers begun to pray for their safety.
But this kind of river fireflies is quite a natural phenomenon in the region, they learned later.

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enkoo えんこう Enko Kappa
Kappa like Sumo wrestling, But even if someone wins, he will loose his mind. By simmering Shikimi for a tea and make him drink it, he will come back to normal.
. shikimi 樒 Skimmia, Illicium religiosum .

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利根川中・下流の年中行事 Yearly festivals and rituals along the Tonegawa
大林太良 Ohashi Taryo (1929 - 2001)
- including legends about the Kappa

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- 利根川流域における水神信仰 -
直江広治 Naoe Hiroji (1917 - 1994)
- including legends about the 河童 Kappa and the water deity Benten

Generally, Kappa is seen as 水神 a water deity, who looks like a monkey with a water plate on its head. He is very tall and has four long extremities. He looks like a turtle, since he carries a 甲羅 shell on his back.
He is usually thick.

Kappa seen along the Tonegawa in 群馬 Gunma, 栃木 Tochigi, 茨城　Ibaraki and 千葉県 Chiba:
Kappa is seen as 水神 a water deity. In the midstream region they say he looks like a kame 亀 turtle.
Some tales know of a Kappa getting caught while trying to pull a horse in the river. To get free again he had to promise to protect children from water accidents.

- - - - - nekoko ネココ Nekoko
Along the Tonegawa there lives a Kahaku called Nekoko. At that part of the river is a huge swirl. On the river shore there is a large yanagi 柳 willow tree, which has grown from the roots of a tree taken down be flooding.
. kahaku, kawa no kami, kawako 河伯 River Deity, "river chief" Kappa .

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

There are rivers named Tonegawa in other parts of Japan.

.................................................................................　Aomori 青森県

sunamaki-danuki 砂撒狸 a Tanuki throwing sand
They are known in 筑後久留米 Chikugo Kurume, 三井郡宮陣村 in the Mii distrct and other parts.
Also in Aomori, Tsugaru, Niigata, Aichi and Fukuoka.
A Tanuki climbs on a three at the dam of the upper Tonegawa, his body covered with sand or a bag of sand. If a human passes by, it shakes its body and splashes sand on the person below it.

source : youkaitama.seesaa.net/article...

砂を撒くという動物 suna o maku dobutsu . . . animals splashing sand
in Aomori 青森県三戸郡五戸町
sunamaki kitsune 砂撒き狐 fox

. tanuki 狸 - mujina 狢　－ racoon dog, badger legends .

.................................................................................　Chiba 千葉県

sunamaki neko 砂撒猫 a cat throwing sand
A villager took a walk on a full-moon night along the banks of Tonegawa. He saw something like a cat running along the bank, rolling around and running back again. When he walked along under a tree, there was sand thrown on his head from above.

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銚子市 Choshi

kame no tatari カメのたたり the curse of the turtle
Toward the end of the Meiji period, around 1912, some workers on a maschine boat on the Tonegawa caught a 海がめ sea turtle and ate it.
That day when they finished work and wanted to go back to the harbour, the sea suddenly turned wild and the boat capsized. Only one of the workers made it back to the shore alive.
Others found him mumbeling "this turtle, this huge sea turtle . . . " and then he breathed his last too.
The fishermen of Choshi say this was the curse of the sea turtle and have great respect for this animal.

.................................................................................　Gunma 群馬県
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吾妻郡 Azuma district 高山村 Takayama

hata o oru bijo 機を織る美女 a beauty weaving
On the 8th day of the 4th lunar month in 858, an old man lost his hatchet on the riverpool 揺動淵. He looked for it and stepped into the river. He found it next to a beautiful women weaving. The woman gave him delicious food and drink and then he went home. There he made offerings of ritual Sake.

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沼田市 Numata 薄根村 Usune

Along the river 田釜川 Dengamagawa is a riverpool with many large boulders, called kama 釜 The Kettle.
This part is an access to 竜宮 the Dragon Palace and a Kappa lives there.

. ookami 狼 Okami, wolf legends .
Once a wold was howling loud and painful, so the villagers came closer to see what was wrong. The wolf had a bone stuck in his mouth, so they pulled it out to help him. The wolf was very happy and greatful and came every day to protect the villagers on their way to the river Tonegawa.

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邑楽郡 Ora district 板倉町 Itakura

- - - - - Folk belief knows this:
If suddenly many frogs come out, there will soon be a strong rain. If the frogs try to go inside a house, there will be a big flooding of the river.

Benten sama no tatari 弁天さまの祟り the curse of Benten
North of the home of 小林角蔵 Kobayashi Kakuzo is the oldest shrine for the deity Benten, 弁天ヤシキ Benten Yashiki.
When he tried to make some fields there, his house almost burned down.
The Benten Deity later moved on to Mount 筑山 to the 雷電沼 Raiden-numa swamp.

雷電神社(らいでんじんじゃ) Shrine Raiden Jinja, 群馬県邑楽郡板倉町板倉

. Benten 弁天 Benzaiten .

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太田市 Ota

. ダイダラボッチャ Daidarabotcha / Daidarabotchi ダイダラボッチ Monster .
Daidarabochi, the Giant, sat on 赤城山 Mount Akagisan and put his feet into the river Tonegawa to wash them. The footprints are now the two ponds
吉沢の池 Yoshizawa no Ike and 東金井の池. Higashi-Kanai no Ike.

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勢多郡 Seta district 赤城村 Akagi

. daija, orochi 大蛇 the huge serpent, great snake .
Once upon a time
a huge serpent came swimming down from upstream Tonegawa. She climbed on a rock called 龍王の岩 "Rock of the Dragon King". Between this and another rock was a small riverpool, and at its bottom is said to be a 竜宮 Dragon Palace.

.................................................................................　Ibaraki 茨城県
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稲敷郡 Inashiki district 新利根村 Shin-Tone Mura

. byooninda 病人田 Byoninda "the field of ill persons" .
This is a field that will bring bad luck to the one who plow and use it.
Once upon a time, to prevent the flooding of Tonegawa, 河内屋 Kawachiya took it and wanted to build something. But he came to a hard layer of earth and could not continue. So for the rest of his life he was angry and died soon after. The field is now cursed.

.................................................................................　Saitama 埼玉県
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加須市 Kazo

. ikenie (ikinie)　生贄 / 生け贄 / 生けにえ　human sacrifice .
- - - - - hitobashira 人柱 "human pillar
Once upon a time
there was severe flooding of the Tonegawa during a long period of rain. The village was on the verge of being flooded and the villagers thought it was a curse of 竜神 Ryujin, the Dragon Deity.
To appease him, they decided to make a human sacrifice of a young girl. Just then a mother and daughter on a pilgrimage stayed in the village and so they threw the girl into the water. The mother, observing this, hurled herself into the water too.
And oh wonder, soon the water retreated and the flooding stopped.
But a few years later people became ill and the harvest was bad. A mendicant monk told them this was a curse of the soul of mother and daughter and their human sacrifice.
So the villagers build a shrine, 川圦神社 Kawairi Jinja at Kazo village, to appease their souls.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

- Kobayashi Issa

刀禰川や只一ッの水馬
tone-gawa ya tatta hitotsu no mizusumashi

Tone River--
only one solitary
water strider
Tr. David Lanoue

. Water strider, amenbo アメンボ、水馬.
- - kigo for all summer - -

"Clouds over Bando Taro" 坂東太郎（ばんどうたろう）
Bando Taro (bandoo taroo) is an old name for the Tone river, which flows through Edo/Tokyo.
. clouds - kigo for summer .

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Keishoin and Otowa

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
. Persons and People of Edo - Personen .
- Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, see below
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Keishoo-In, Keishōin 桂昌院 Keisho-In
(1628 - 1705)
Mother of Shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi.

- quote
Childhood Name: 玉 (Tama)
She was born in 1628,
the second daughter of a Nishijin grocer. In her childhood, she was called Tama. She was later adopted by Honjô Munetoshi, steward for Kanpaku Nijô Mitsuhira. Traveling to Edo as the result of some interaction or connection with O-Ume, daughter of Rokujô Yûjun (a member of the Ôoku), Tama entered the Ôoku herself as a concubine of Shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu, and eventually gave birth to Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, who would grow up to be Shogun himself.
After Tsunayoshi became Shogun in 1680, she took up residence in the san-no-maru (third bailey) of Edo castle, and came to be known as San-no-maru-dono as a result.
A private temple was established for her in Edo in 1682; this would later become the Edo Gokoku-ji. Keishôin was also involved in the construction of Zenkô-ji, a fifteen-year project.
In 1702,
she rose to the Junior First Rank, and many members of her family, beginning with her (adoptive) younger brother Honjô Munesuke, enjoyed the benefits of serving as direct shogunal vassals. It was around this time that her Buddhist devotion grew stronger, and she eventually took on the Buddhist name Keishôin.
She died in 1705, at the age of 79.

Plaque in honor of Keishoin at Imamiya Shrine, Kyoto.
- source : samurai wiki

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. Yanagimori Jinja 柳森神社 Yanagimori Shrine .
was built in the late 17th century by a woman named Keisho-in 桂昌院, the daughter of a lowly greengrocer. As a teenager she was 'scouted' by representatives of Edo castle to join the O-oku -- the harem of women who serviced the Shogun. While this might sound like a sad fate by modern standards, in feudal times a spot in the Ooku was akin to winning the lottery for a woman. No matter how humble your origins, you were treated like royalty in the Ooku, particularly if you caught the Shogun's fancy.
And Keisho-in not only caught his fancy but bore him a son -- a son that eventually became the Fifth Tokugawa Shogun, making her a powerful political figure in her own right. Not bad for a woman who had been sweeping the floor in a vegetable stand just a few decades earlier.
- quote by Hiroko Yoda

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

Otowachoo　音羽町 Otowa district in Edo

There is a famous temple in the district :

. Otowa Gokokuji 音羽護国寺 Otowa Gokoku-Ji
文京区大塚5-40-1 / Bunkyo ward, Otsuka 5-40-1

This temple was founded in 1681 by 亮賢僧正 high priest Ryoken (1611 - 1687)
on behalf of Shogun Tsunayoshi for his mother, 桂昌院 Lady Keisho-In.
The main statue is 如意輪観世音菩薩 Nyoirin Kannon Bosatsu.

After his mother's death, Shogun Tsunayoshi visited this temple very often. There was even a special road for him, through the fields of this otherwise farming area. There was no monzenmachi　門前町 town before the temple.
In 1697 the Bakufu government begun to build houses along the road and asked an old retainer of Keisho-In named
音羽 Otowa to become the head of the new village. This gave the name to the new developing area.
Around 1705 there were not only busy tea stalls and shops in the village, but also a famous brothel quarter (okabasho 岡場所).

In 1833, 久保田増平 Kuboto Masudaira brought the art of paper making to the area and in the back roads of Otowa village many paper makers settled.
Masudaira was from Nagano, Ina district 信濃国(長野県)伊那郡.

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Otowa Ezu 音羽絵図 old map of Otowa
雑司が谷　Zoshigaya

source : national diet library

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Otowa Gokokuji 音羽護国寺
Hokusai painted a large portrait of Daruma san at this temple.

大達磨像 - 江戸・音羽護国寺
Portrait of Daruma at Gokokuji temple in the Otowa District, Edo .

. Katsushika Hokusai 葛飾北斎 (1760 - 1849) .

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. Tokugawa Tsunayoshi 徳川綱吉 (1646 – 1709) .

Thanks to Tsunayoshi, the townspeople got used to the idea of jin 仁 benevolence toward others.

Tsunayoshi employed the blind doctor
. Sugiyama Waichi 杉山和一 (1614–1694) .
the "Father of Japanese Acupuncture". He gave him a large district where Waichi could establish a school of acupuncture for blind people, who thus found a way of making a living for themselves.

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - - - - #keishoin #otowa - - - -
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1/10/2018

Sangenjaya district

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
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Sangenjaya 三軒茶屋 Sangen-jaya, "three tea stalls"
世田谷区　Setagaya ward / Sangenchaya　三軒茶屋

Under the un-auspicious name of "tea stall", a lot of extra entertainment was available in Edo.
Along the public roads to the countryside, there were many Chaya for travellers to rest.

. chaya, -jaya 茶屋 tea shop, tea stall - Introduction .

- - - - The three tea shops were
Ishibashi-ya 石橋屋 - originally 信楽 Shigaraki
Kado-ya 角屋
Tanaka-ya 田中屋

They were located at the beginning of two highways out of Edo,
大山街道 Oyama Kaido
and
二子街道 Futago Kaido.

Oyama Kaido was a favorite pilgrim road to
. 大山の不動様 Oyama no Fudo Son .
Shrine Oyama Afuri Jinja 大山阿夫利神社
There were two Oyama Kaido leading out of Edo, dividing at Sangen Jaya.

source : sangendyaya.co.jp

The rest of the area was still fields and forest in the early Edo period, but there were enough pilgrims to keep the tea stalls busy.
The Oyama Kaido is now called Tamagawa-doori　玉川通り Tamagawa-Dori.

The Futago Kaido was famous for
. Tamagawa Daishi 玉川大師 - temple Gyokushin Mitsuin .
4 Chome-13-3 Seta, Setagaya.
The postal station Futago Juku was at Kawasaki
神奈川県川崎市高津区二子 / Futago, Takatsu Ward, Kawasaki, Kanagawa

The tea stalls used to have two stories, with a second floor where the visitors could rest (and even stay over night if need be).
It is even told that Sakamoto Royma stayed at the 信楽 Shigaraki chaya.

source : sancha.jp/history

.... Ishibashi-ya 石橋屋
The shop was originally called 信楽 Shigaraki, but the name was later changed to 石橋楼 Ishibashi-rō.
In the Meiji Period,
Kado-ya went out of business and Tanaka-ya was lost in a fire.
In 1936, Ishibashi-ya moved across the street and changed its name to 茶寮イシバシ Saryō Ishibashi which means something like “Tea Room Ishibashi.” The first floor was a 洋食喫茶 yōshoku kissa a café specializing in yōshoku, Japanized western dishes. The second floor was a banquet hall that served yōshoku for large events and parties. In 1945, the family running the shop was evacuated due to the destruction incurred by the American firebombing of Tōkyō.
... according to local legend Tanaka-ya re-emerged at some time in the Sangenjaya area. It didn’t come back as a teahouse but as a ceramics shop. The modern shop is called 田中屋陶苑 Tanakaya Tōen Tanaka Ceramics. The shop uses the family name and is the only surviving business with any connection to the Sangen-jaya place name.

source : t-mame.blogspot.jp...
A modern reminder of Sancha 三軒茶屋交差点の交番前

- quote
The area is often affectionately called 三茶 Sancha “three tea.”

..... In the Edo Period,
the area called Sangenjaya today was comprised of the former 中馬引沢村 Naka-Umahikizawa Village, 下馬引沢村 Shimo-Umahikizawa Village, and 太子堂村 Taishi-dō Village in former 武蔵国荏原郡 Ebara District, Musashi Province.
It seems that by the 1800’s, the popular name Sangen-jaya was already well known in the area. However, the name didn’t officially exist until quite recently. The birth of the official place name Sangen-jaya coincided with the 1932 creation of Setagaya Ward.
In the Meiji Period, the area became famous for シャボン屋 shabon-ya shops selling western soaps, 立飲屋 tachinomi-ya shops where you drink while standing, 駄菓子屋 dagashi-ya cheap candy and snack shops, and 魚屋 sakana-ya fish mongers. Today, it’s a rather affluent area with many bustling restaurants and bars.
- source : japanthis.com/2015/01/14/sangenjaya

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Tokiwabashi 常盤橋 Tokiwa bridge

This bridge is located at the Futago Kaido in the village 中馬牽沢村 Naka-Umahikizawa at Sangenjaya.

登戸街道 Noborito Kaido / Noborito-juku postal station

The road was called 津久井道 Tsukui Michi. This road met with the Oyama Kaido at Sangenjaya.

source : symphonic-net.com/tackara2000/rekishi/edomeishozue...

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ayu no michi　鮎の道 road to carry ayu trout
also called Tsukui Ookan 津久井往還 Road of Tsukui, a town in the North-West of Kanagawa prefecture.
Trout that were fished in Kutsui had to be transported to Edo for consumption as fast as possible. They were carried to the tea shop Sangenjaya 三軒茶屋 in Setagaya.
The fish were put in buckets and the carriers stopped ever so often to put fresh water into the bucket to keep the fish happy and alive.
. ayu 鮎 trout .

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kuchisake onna 口裂け女 the slit-mouthed woman
She likes the number three, so she likes to come here.
She knocks at the door three times.

. kuchisake onna 口裂け女 slit-mouthed woman .

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -
- reference source : sangendyaya.co.jp　-

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1/06/2018

Amanuma district

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
- for Ome　青梅, see below
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Amanuma district 天沼 "heavenly swamp"

Amanuma, 杉並区 Suginami ward

From the first to the third sub-district. 天沼一丁目 - 天沼三丁目.

The name refers to a pond located at the third sub-district, the famous
Amanuma Benten-Ike 天沼弁天池

During the Edo period, 天沼村 Amanuma village had 73 houses, at the beginning of the Meiji period there were 77.
It was a countryside with forests, foxes and badgers like in the 武蔵野 Musashino plain.
In 1635, it belonged to the famous shrine 日枝神社 Hie Jinja.
The rivers 妙正寺川 Myoshojigawa and 桃園川 Momozonogawa flow through this area.

In 1889, together with the villages of 高円寺村・馬橋村・阿佐ヶ谷村・田端村・成宗村 it became 東多摩郡杉並村 Higashi-Tama district, Suginami village.
In 1891 荻窪駅 the station of Ogikubo was built.

Another theory states that the plain was used since the Heian peroid for horse training, then written 乗潴「あまぬま」. cho 潴 means swamp.

Amanuma is located in the center of Suginami ward. The main street is 天沼本通り Ananuma Hondori.
In the West is the old 青梅街道 Ome Kaido Road. This road was used to transport sekkai 石灰 lime for the construction of the Edo castle. The road goes on to Kofu in Yamanashi.

. Ōme Kaido 青梅街道 Ome Kaido Highway .

. Ogikubo 荻窪 Ogikubo district . - Suginami

. kaidoo 街道と伝説 Legends about the old Kaido highways .
kootsuu jikoo 交通事故 traffic accident
Once upon a time a woman was killed in a traffic accident on the crossroads of the Ome Kaido.
A little later a woman in a white robe (as dead people are dressed for a funeral) appeared at the gas station and waved for a taxi.
When the taxi driver reached the destination, he looked at the back seat but there was nobody, only the seat was rather wet.

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天沼弁天池公園 Amanuma Benten Pond Park

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天沼八幡神社 Amanuma Hachiman Jinja
東京都杉並区天沼2-18-5

The Shrine dates back more than 400 years.

. The Hachiman Shrines of Japan 八幡宮 Hachiman Gu .

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天沼熊野神社 Amanuma Kumano Jinja
東京都杉並区天沼2-40-2

- reference source : amanumakumano.org...-

- quote -
- - - - -History
There are two origins given for this shrine, the first in 768, the second in 1333. On the former occasion, it is said that when an official who was patrolling the Tōkaidō arrived in the area he established a way station and named it Amanuma-eki (乘潴驛), he also recognized a local deity.
The latter date is
when the Hōjō-controlled Kamakura fell to the forces led by Nitta Yoshisada (新田義貞), the father of Nitto Yoshioki who we came across in connection with Onnazuka Jinja. En route to besieging Kamamkura, Yoshisada set up camp in the area and built a shrine, at which, perhaps not unnaturally, he prayed for success in his campaign and planted two Japanese cedar (sugi) trees.
In 1395 a samurai by the name of Asakura Mikawakami (朝倉三河守) returned to the area to resume his life of farming, and among other things rebuilt the shrine and named it Jūnisha Gengon (十二社権現). After the Meiji Restoration the name was changed to Kumano Jinja and in March 1874 it was given Village Shrine status.
- source : Rod Lucas -

. The Kumano Shrines of Japan 熊野 .

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Onnazuka Jinja 女塚神社

- quote -
Onnazuka (lit. “Female Mound”) Jinja was originally a Hachiman Jinja which was the tutelary shrine for what were then Onnazuka and Misono Villages and is now the area close to the east exit of Kamata Station. When it was founded is unclear, but it must have been no later than 1614 as the Shin-pen-Musashi-Fudo-Kiko notes its completion in that year.
In 1888 the shrine moved to its present location following the construction of the Shimbashi-Yokohama railway line and was given its present name, while Misono Jinja was designated as the shrine for the Misono Village. The two shrines are less than 500m apart.
The Onnazuka name
is derived from an episode during the Nanboku Period of the fourteenth century. Nitta Yoshioki (新田義興, on the Southern Imperial Court Side) had devised a plan to attack the Ashikaga (Northern Imperial Court) in their Kamakura stronghold. Takezawa Ukyōsuke (竹沢左京亮), who at this time was an Ashikaga retainer but whose allegiance had previously been with Nitta, became aware of this and drew up his own plan to assassinate Nitta. This involved reingratiating himself with Nitta and to this end he summoned a court lady, Shōshō-tsubone (少将局), from Kyōto, who was presumably to use her sensual wiles on Nitta. She, however, quickly realized Takesawa’s true intent and sent a letter to Nitta informing him of the plot, which duly failed. On finding out the reason for the failure, an enraged Takesawa killed Shōshō and just cast her body aside. Out of pity and compassion the local villagers gave Shōshō a proper burial in a grave which was a small mound.
- source : Rod Lucas -

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. The Hie shrines of Japan 日枝神社 .
Hie Shrine in Nagatachō, Chiyoda, Tokyo.

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Oome, Ōme 青梅 / おうめ Ome town
Ome means "Green Ume", a kind of plum tree known as Japanese Apricot.
Ōme is located in the Okutama Mountains of western Tokyo, bordered by Saitama Prefecture to the north.
The river Tamagawa flows through the city.

An important postal station of the
青梅街道 Ome kaido highway from Shinjuku to Kofu.

It was a sort of shortcut to 甲府 Kofu in Yamanashi and often called the 甲州裏街道 Koshu Ura Kaido .
First only used for the transportation of lime to Edo, it soon turned into a busy road for all kinds of merchandise.
Now it is one of the modern "emergency access roads", kept open for ambulances, fire trucks, and police vehicles during national and Tokyo emergencies.

. Ōme Kaido 青梅街道 Ome Kaido Highway .

. Kōshū Kaidō 甲州街道 Koshu Kaido Road .
The Highway from Edo via Kofu to Suwa.

. Tanashi juku 田無宿 postal station .
about 24 km from Edo and 32 km from Ome

The name Ome comes from just one plum tree.
It had fruit which stayed green until autumn and never changed color.
People thought this very strange and called the tree
"green plum tree" - ao ume 青梅, soon shortened to Ome.

There is a legend linking this strange plum tree to Taira no Masakado.
When Masakado passed the temple Kongō-ji 金剛寺 Kongo-Ji (Ome shi Amagase　青梅市天ヶ瀬町), he planted one branch of a plum tree, which he had used as a whip, in the ground and prayed for his long-lasting success as a warrior. Masakado eventually was killed in battle. But the branch became a tree with fine blossoms and fruit.
The tree is often called "Masakado chikai no ume"　将門誓いの梅 "Plum tree of the vow of Masakado".

. ao-ume, ao ume 青梅 green plum .
Kooshuu ume 甲州梅（こうしゅううめ）plum from Koshu
- kigo for mid-summer -

. Taira no Masakado 平将門 / 平將門 - (? – 940) .

In 1922, this tree became 金剛寺の青梅 Kongo-Ji no Ome
and was registered as a 天然記念物 Natural Monument of Tokyo.
Kongooji, Kongō-ji

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Omejima, ome-jima 青梅縞 striped fabrics, weaving from Ome

Dates back to 759 !
江戸中期青梅が宿場町として栄える
1661年青梅桟留（サントメ）縞の生産開始

おうめテキスタイルの歴史
- reference source : life-ome.com/textile/history... -

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. Ome hime daruma 青梅姫だるま Princess Daruma doll from Ome .
and 住吉神社 Sumiyoshi Jinja

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武蔵御嶽神社 Musashi Mitake Jinja
176 Mitakesan, Ome, Tokyo - Musashimitake Shrine

- quote -
Musashi-no-kuni Mitake-san 武蔵国御嶽山

Mitake-san (Mt. Mitake) has received many visitors as a sacred place of mountain worship since the Middle Ages.
On top of the mountain the Musashi Mitake Shrine is enshrined,
which originates from the fact that Gyōki built a hall on this site and enshrined Zaō Gongen in 736.
- source : Tokyo Metropolitan Library -
. 行基菩薩 Gyoki Bosatsu (668 - 749)G .

Mitakesan, 御岳山 Mitake-san, Mount Mitake, 929 m

. Futomani matsuri 太占祭 Futomani festival .
at Musashi Mitake Jinja 武蔵御嶽神社
and
Ooguchi magami matsuri 大口真神祭り Wolf Deity Festival

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

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1/01/2018

Edogaku Jiten Dictionary

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Famous Places and Power spots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .
. Edo shokunin　江戸の職人 Craftsmen of Edo .
. Persons and People of Edo - Personen .
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Edogaku Jiten 江戸学事典 Dictionary of Edo
西山松之助編
郡司　正勝編・南　博編・神保　五彌編・南　和男編・竹内　誠編・宮田　登編・吉原　健一郎編

- reference source : koubundou.co.jp/book -

魅力あふれる江戸の実像に迫る
巨大都市〈江戸〉の社会と文化の実像を「山の手と下町」「札差と江戸店」「祭と開帳」など１６の斬新な視点から浮かび上がらせる。
第一級の編集陣・執筆陣が魅力あふれる都市文化を全力を挙げて描き出した名著の普及縮刷版による復活。

--

項目例

【山の手と下町】
山の手 Yamanote 　下町 Shitamachi　　盛り場 sakariba　　河岸 kashi / kawagishi　　火除地 hiyokechi　　
江戸四宿 Edo shishuku　　坂 saka　　谷 tani　　川 kawa

【八百八町】
日本橋 Nihonbashi　　神田 Kanda　　赤坂 Akasaka　　牛込 Ushigome　　小石川 Koishikawa　　
下谷 Shitaya　　浅草 Asakusa　　深川 Fukagawa　　本所 Honjo

【武家のくらし】
江戸城 Edojo　　大奥 Ooku　　大名屋敷 Daimyo yashiki　　留守居役 rusuiyaku　　
旗本・御家人 hatamoto/gokenin　　浅黄裏 asagiura　　浪人 ronin

【町奉行と岡っ引】
町奉行 machibugyo 　　関東郡代 Kanto Gundai　　与力 yoriki　　同心 doshin　　自身番 jishinban　　
岡っ引 okappiki　　公事宿 kujiyado　　牢屋 roya

【町方の人別】
江戸ッ子 Edokko 大家 Oya　　店子 tanago　　人別帳 ninbetsucho　　沽券 koken　　女房 nyobo　　
無宿人 mushukunin　　弾左衛門 Danzaemon

【札差と江戸店】
会所 kaisho　　札差 fudasashi　　江戸店 Edo dana　　髪結床 kamiyuidoko　　湯屋 yuya　　
鰻屋 unagiya　　すし屋 shushiya　　銀座 ginza

【通といき】
通 tsu　　いき iki　　いなせ inase　男達 otokotachi　　江戸訛 Edo namari　　
いろ iro　あだ ada　　きゃん kyan　　悪党 akuto

【祭と開帳】
祭 matsuri　　開帳 kaicho　　東照宮 Toshogu　　神田明神 Kanda Myojin　　富岡八幡 Tomioka Hachiman　　
寛永寺 Kanei-Ji　　浅草寺 Asakusadera　　稲荷 Inari

【川開きと酉の市】
縁日 ennichi　　花見 hanami　　川開きkawabiraki　　朝顔市 asagao-ichi　　酸漿市 hozuki-ichi　　
月見 tsukimi　　酉の市 tori no ichi　　歳の市 toshi no ichi

【江戸紫】
下り物 kudarimono　　初物 hatsumono　　浅草海苔 Asakusa nori　　江戸紫 Edo murasaki　　
浴衣 yukata　　刺青 irezumi　　評判娘 hyoban musume　　大小会 daisho-e

【聖堂と寺子屋】
聖堂 seido　　儒者 jusha　　蘭学 rangaku　　本草学 hozogaku　　医者 isha　　
長崎屋 Nagasakiya　　物産会 bussankai　　寺子屋 terakoya

【本と浮世絵】
本屋 honya　　うがち ugachi　　見立 mitate　　滑稽本 kokkeibon　　黄表紙 kibyodshi　　
川柳 senryu　　浮世絵 ukiyo-e　　鯰絵 namazu-e

【武鑑と読売】
武鑑 bukan　　江戸町鑑 Edomachikan　　かわら版 kawaraban　　看板 kanban　　
引札 hikifuda　　見立番付 mitate banzuke　　江戸案内 Edo annai

【芝居と遊芸】
芝居 shibai　　団十郎 Danjuro 　　江戸千家 Edo Senke　　長唄 nagauta
芸者 geisha　　寄席 yose　　茶番 chaban　　門付 kadozuke

【吉原と岡場所】
吉原 Yoshiwara　　吉原細見 Yoshiwara saiken　　芳町 Yoshicho　　岡場所 okabasho
湯女 yuna　　四ツ目屋 yotsumeya　　春本 shunhon (春画 shunga)　　枕絵 makura-e (shunga)

【火事と喧嘩】
火事 kaji　　火消 hikeshi　　喧嘩 kenka　　打ちこわし uchikowashi　　
地震 jishin　　大水 oomizu　　江戸煩い Edo wazurai　　流行病 ryukobyo

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