Tokugawa Ieyasu

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　
Tokugawa Ieyasu 徳川家康 . (1543 - 1616)
born as 松平竹千代 Matsudaira Takechiyo, Iyeyasu,
Naifu Dono ナイフどの / 内府（ないふ）
Taijukoo, 大樹公（徳川家康） Taiju Ko ("The Big Tree", name for a great general)


source : dur.ac.uk/mlac/japanese/tokugawa

Tokugawa Ieyasu is the founder of the Edo Shogunate, he was the first shogun and posthumously became some kind of protecting deity with his own shrine in the Nikko Mountains, north of Tokyo (an auspicious place to protect his city according to Chinese Feng-Shui Geomantic lore).
日光の東照宮 Nikko no Tosho-Gu

Here is the famous story to shed light on the temperament of the three rivaling warlords of their time:
When confronted with a nightingale in a cage, which would not sing, each had his own approach to this situation:

-- Nobunaga --
If the bird does not sing, kill it!
-- Hideyoshi --
If the bird does not sing, I will make it sing!
--- Ieyasu ---
If the bird does not sing, I will wait until it sings!

As you might imagine from the above episode, Ieyasu outlived and out-waited his opponents and then took over power, like a ripe apple falling into his hands.

Tokugawa Ieyasu was obsessed with food and medicine to prolong his life. But he also liked to try new things, like the "tempora", tempura introduced by the Portugese missionaries.

. Ieyasu and 日光の東照宮 Nikko no Tosho-Gu .



. Shinkun Iga-Goe 神君伊賀越え "The Heavenly Lord retreats via Iga" .
and Chaya Shirōjirō 茶屋四郎次郎 Chaya Shirojiro
Chaya Shirōjirō Kiyonobu 茶屋四郎次郎清信 (1545-1596) helped Ieyasu during his hasty retreat from Sakai (Osaka) via Iga to Mikawa (Aichi).
Shirojiro later got permission for the shuinsen 朱印船 "red seal Ships" .

..............................................................................................................................................

- - - Tokugawa Ieyasu in the WIKIPEDIA !

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::




shikami 顰 "Grimacing Face"

- quote
Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) attacked the army of Takeda Shingen in the Battle of Mikatagahara against the advice of his vassals and suffered a great defeat.
It is believed that Ieyasu, who narrowly escaped to his castle, had a portrait of himself in fear made to remember that he must always listen to the comments of his vassals, as a lesson learned in this battle.



The statue in this photo is based on the portrait in this story.
- source : samuraistyle.jp facebook


- - - - - and on Jeans !
a combination of the Fudo Myo-O favored by Takeda Shingen and his enemy Tokugawa Ieyasu

信玄の守護神 武田不動尊像と家康の顰（しかみ）像



. Denim Jeans and Fudo Myo-O 不動明王 .

..............................................................................................................................................


Tōshōkō Goikun 東照公 御遺訓 Teaching of Tokugawa Ieyasu
Toshoko Go-Ikun

written on January 17, 1603 while he received the title of Shogun in February of the same year

人の一生は重き荷を負うて　遠き道を行くが如し　
急ぐべからず不自由を　常と思えば　不足なし
心に望みおこらば　困窮し足る時を思い出すべし
堪忍は無事長久の基
怒りを敵と思え
勝つことばかり知りて　負くるを知らざれば　害その身に至る
己を責めて　人を責むるな
及ばざるは　過ぎたるに　勝れり

Your life is like carrying full of burdens, traveling a long road,
do not hurry nor complain for lack of freedom.
When you have hope in mind, remember the poor times.
Patience is the foundation of peaceful long life.
Consider your anger as your enemy.
If you know of only victories and of no losses, the harm is within you.
Blame yourself but not others.
In so doing, eventually you will win in your life.
Tr. Yoshio Kusaba

Persuade thyself that imperfection and inconvenience are the natural lot of mortals, and there will be no room for discontent, neither for despair.
Let thy step be slow and steady, that thou stumble not.
Patience means restraining one's inclinations.
- reference source : MORE Tokugawa Ieyasu Quotes -

- reference : 東照公 御遺訓 -


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


. Mikawa choo 三河町 Mikawa district, Kanda Chiyoda ward - Tokyo .
The name refers to the Mikawa region (now Aichi prefecture), where Tokugawa Ieyasu was born.
When he came to Edo in 1590, he had his 下級武士 junior Samurai retainers settle in this district.
It is one of the old districts in Edo.
In the Meiji period it got the name of 神田区三河町 Kanda Mikawa cho.
In 1953, the first sub-district became 鎌倉町 Kamakura machi, the second to fourth sub-district were merged to
神田司町 Kanda Tsukasa machi and the old name was lost.


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.......................................................................
kaibutsu 怪物 monster HOO 封（ほう）Ho Yokai


source : tyz-yokai.blog.jp/archives

When Ieyasu was still in 駿河 Suruga in the year 1609 on the fourth day of the fourth month, there appeared a strange being, a thick child, in the morning in the garden of 駿府城 Sunpu Castle. It had no fingers at his hands, pointing his arms toward heaven.
Ieyasu advised his men to chase it away to a place where humans would not see it any more, in a far away mountain forest.
Some people say this was a HOO 封（ほう）Ho Yokai and if you eat its flesh, it was a special elixir 仙薬 and you would become super-strong and fearless.


.......................................................................
Ise odori 伊勢踊 the Dance of Ise

This dance became quite popular after 1624. Farmers would just take off and go dancing around Japan, leaving for the Ise shrine.
Legend knows that bad things happened after such a bout of Ise Odori Dance, for example an uprising in Osaka and the death of Tokugawa Ieyasu.

The okage-mairi pilgrimage to Ise was accompanied by ecstatic dances, such as Ise-odori, okage-odori and ee-ja-nai-ka (ain't it hunky-dory) that disrupted daily life
- reference -

. hatsu Ise odori 初伊勢踊 first Ise dance .
and . Hatsu Ise 初伊勢 First visit to the Ise Shrine 　
as season words for the New Year

.......................................................................
Taroo inari 太郎稲荷 the Deity Taro Inari

Tachibana Sakon no Shogen 立花左近将監 with his soldiers was on his way to Korea, but ended up in 江戸の浅草観音 Edo, near the Asakusa Kannon for about 8 years.
Then one night an old man with white hair appeared in his dream and gave him an amulet, 白木の三方に祇園守. The old man was the deity 太郎稲荷 Taro Inari.
On the next day there came a messenger of Ieyasu telling him that he could go back to his homeland.

. Legends about the Asakusa 浅草 district in Edo .
太郎稲荷神社 Shrine Taro Inari Jinja and Tachibana Sakon

.......................................................................
Tooshooguu 東照宮の神勅 Tosho-Gu no chinshoku

Once there lived a farmer called 半七 Hanshichi in 三河国の小笠原家領内 the district of Ogasawara in Mikawa no Kuni. Many years ago he had been selling oil in the district. He had a divine message from the Tosho-Gu (Tokugawa Ieyasu), changed his name to Genseki 玄碩 and became a doctor. He prepared medicine according to the needs of each individual patient and healed many. Later when he walked around in Ise, where he had another revelation from heaven, telling him that since his own heart was pure he could heal patients so well.


source : aki-yoshida.co.jp/

Habu Genseki 土生玄碩 （1762 - 1848)
..... the Shogun's personal physician and a man celebrated for his skill in treating diseases of the eye,
and Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796-1868), a German doctor, . . . physician at the Dutch East India Company Dejima Factory. . . .
His belongings became wet dampened during a storm, and when laid out on the deck for drying, discovery was made by a Nagasaki Magistrate official of banned maps of Japan drawn by Tadataka Ino, and a Haori jacket with a hollyhock crest of the Tokugawa family, etc. During the intensive investigation that followed, Kageyasu Takahashi of the Nagasaki Magistrate, who had given the maps to Siebold, was sentenced for capital punishment.
Genseki Habu, the Shogunate doctor responsible for the Shogunate Haori, was deprived of his post, and Siebold was exiled for life out of Japan.
- source : Rio Imamura -

- - - - - the ophthalmologist Habu Genseki
- reference -

..........................................................................................
Gunma 群馬県　 日光 Nikko

. Nikkoozan Tookooboo 日光山東光坊 - Tengu Tokobo. Toko-Bo from Mount Nikko .
Tokugawa in his incarnation as a Tengu !


..........................................................................................
Kanagawa 神奈川県 大和市 Yamato

Fukuda village 福田村 was under the direct governance of the Tokugawa clan.

yamanba 山姥 the old mountain hag
Once there lived an old mountain hag in the village, almost like a demon (oni 鬼). People feared her and once when the cherry blossoms were in full bloom, they invited her for a party, gave her poisoned Sake and killed her.
But now she became a vengefull soul and appeared almost every night as a flickering monster light (鬼火) on the road and soon nobody passed this mountain path any more.
When Tokugawa Ieyasu came to this region, he wrote a Waka poem to appease her soul and all was good.

さがみなる 福田の里の やまんばは
いつのいつまで 夫を待つらむ

In Sagami at the village Fukuda this old woman
waiting for her husband for ever and ever



The "old mountain hag" was Ito, 小林大玄の妻（イト） the wife of Kobayashi Daigen (a doctor and mountain priest)
of a special group of nine people to develop the area of Fukuda, 福田開拓九人衆 . He had wandered off to see more of Japan and his wife was left all alone in Yamato in great dispair.
She was later appeased at the temple 建長寺 Kencho-Ji in Kamakura
この‘山姥’とは . . .
- reference source : blog.ap.teacup.com/hazuki69 -




Yamato, Fukuda district, temple 蓮慶寺 Renkei-Ji
The statue 木造優婆尊尼座像 represents Ito from the Yamanba legend. Now she is venerated as a deity to help bring up healthy children.
- reference source : blogs.yahoo.co.jp/pokochino6324 -


The story of Kobayashi Ito 小林糸
who liked to drink Sake quite a lot and waited for her husband.



- source : c-yanagibashi/index -

...........................................................................................
Nagano 長野県

hakuba no tatari 白馬の祟り the curse of the White Horse
Once there was a dappled gray horse with four white spots, called ソウゼン Sozen.
When the horse turned 8 years, its hair became all white and it seemed cursed. The warlord who had fought with a minister of Ieyasu was defeated and lost his life, together with the white horse, in battle.
Since then a white horse was feared in the village. To appease its soul a stone memorial was put up and regular rituals held there.


...........................................................................................
Shizuoka 静岡県　
.......................................................................
Shizuoka, 安倍川 River Abekawa



Abekawa Mochi 安倍川餅 rice cakes from Abekawa river, sprinkled with white sugar (a rarity in the Edo period) and with kinako 黄粉 soy bean flour
Once eaten by Tokugawa Ieyasu, after he had retired as Shogun. The local producers told him the yellow kinako was really gold powder.

.......................................................................
Shizuoka, Ryoogoochi 両河内村 Ryogochi Mura in Yoshiwara district, Shimizu 清水市吉原地区

Yoshiwaraji 善原寺 Yoshiwara-Ji
925 Yoshiwara, Shimizu Ward, Shizuoka

Yakushi san 薬師さん - 吉原の薬師堂 Yoshiwara no Yakushi-Do
This temple is famous for its Yakushi Nyorai, healing eye disease.
And in the Yoshiwara district are various tales about Ieyasu.

. Yakushidoo 吉原の薬師堂 Yoshiwara no Yakushi-Do .
大平の薬師様 Yakushi Sama in Ohira village. Ieyasu has his eyes healed.
吉原 Yoshiwara Town in Eastern Shizuoka.

---
地元の善原寺には家康の娘・萬姫の眼病平癒の信仰譚も伝わる。家康が萬姫のために大平の薬師如来に参詣しようとしたが、日が暮れたので、ここ吉原にとどまって住職に祈祷を依頼したというものである。
- - - - -
吉原や平山の家康伝説 Legends about Yoshiwara and Ieyasu at Hirayama
ところで吉原地区には徳川家康にまつわる伝説が多い。曵尾 (hikyoo) という地名は、家康が「比興な奴」(hikyoo) といったことから生まれたという話である。
また、鉄砲の上手な人がいて、家康の狩の勢子をしたという。ほかにも家康が身を清めて祈願したという清水があった庄司沢や権現様などの地名が残る。
もっとも家康伝説は吉原地区のみではない。静岡市の平山地区や瀬名地区にもいくつかある。たとえば、平山には家康が狩に来たという話がある。
また、歩けなくなるまで歩いた範囲の土地を与えるといった家康の言葉を信じて、そのとおりに首尾よく広い土地を得た地元民の話もある。これは瀬名地区の話だが、トルストイの民話に似ている。
平山地区では駿府城の石垣に組む石は長尾川から運び出したといわれている。家康伝説は、この事実と関連があるのかとも考えられる。
=
吉原の薬師堂にまつわる多くの疑問 About the Yakushi Hall in Yoshiwara
だが吉原地区の場合にはやや異質である。平山や瀬名のような単純な家康伝説ではないのだ。
善原寺のかたわらに建つ薬師堂の本尊・薬師如来は、全国的に広がる薬師信仰とどう重なるのか、あるいは萬姫(家康にこのような名の娘がいたという史料はない)の眼病治癒の伝説も、眼の仏としてこれまた日本の広い範囲に分布する薬師信仰とどう結びつくのか。
そして何よりも、これらが家康の薬師如来説や申し子説と関わりはないのか、など疑問は尽きないのである。
善原寺の山門をくぐると階段があり、これを登り詰めたところに薬師堂が建つ。いわば山門から一直線の位置に薬師堂があるのだ。そして寺の本堂は階段の右手にあたる位置にある。見方によっては、山門と薬師堂とが一体の伽藍配置なのである。
ふつう、山門の後方には本堂があるというのが、我々が歴史で得た寺の建物配置についての知識である。四天王寺式とか法隆寺式というのがそれである。
ところがその本堂にあたる位置に薬師堂が建っている。これはどう考えるべきなのだろう。
薬師堂の偏額には「瑠璃界」と書かれている。朝鮮通信使の筆という。瑠璃界とは薬師如来の住む浄土である。
そういえば、善原寺は清水市興津の臨済宗清見寺の未である。その清見寺には江戸時代、朝鮮通信使がしばしば立ち寄っている。ここには戦国時代に人質の身だった家康が住んでいた。そして、寛文縁起と樽系図は家康に忠誠を誓った書という一面を持っているのである。
私にはこれら一連の疑問に答える能力はまったくない。速断が許されるべき問題ではない。だからこれからの課題として残しておくことにしよう。
- reference : diycc.info/taki -

. Yakushipedia ABC-Index 薬師如来 Yakushi Nyorai Bhaisajyaguru .

- - - - -

ten yori kuru to iu mono 天より来ると云ふ者 Someone coming from Heaven
In the garden of 駿府城 Sunpu Castle
something strange appeared, with four fingers on each limb, worn and torn robes and eating only green frogs.
When asked where it has come from, it said "From Heaven!"
The servants wanted to kill it, but Ieyasu told them to bring it outside and let it go.


...........................................................................................
Tokyo 東京都

sennin no moji 仙人の文字 letters of Saint Torakichi
In the year 1580 Ieyasu went hunting. He found four letters on the back of a feather of a crane he had shot down. When he showed them to 虎吉 Saint Torakichi, he told them they were four letters of a spell he used to chant constantly.

. Sendoo Torakichi 仙童寅吉 Sendo Torakichi .
Torakichi, the Tengu apprentice

.......................................................................
Tokyo, 渋谷区 Setagaya

Oman enoki おまん榎 hackberry tree of Lady O-Man
The wife of Ieyasu, O-Man no Kata おまんの方 （お万の方）, once suffered from a toothache. The priest from temple 千寿院 Senju-In took a branch from the enoki 榎 Chinese hackberry tree and made a toothpick out of it. When she put that toothpick in her mouth, she was cured very fast.
The tree is now one of the 千駄ヶ谷の七不思議 seven wonders of Sandagaya .

Senjuuin 仙寿院（せんじゅいん、法霊山仙寿院東漸寺）
- source : wikipedia -

. Edo Nana Fushigi 江戸七不思議 The Seven Wonders of Edo　.

.......................................................................

- reference : nichibun yokai database -

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::



"Tiger Daruma" 寅童子の化身、徳川家康 with reference to Ieyasu
Ieyasu was born in the year of the tiger, on the day of the tiger and in the hour of the tiger.

- - - - - Read the story here in my blog :
. Hooraiji 鳳来寺 Horai-Ji, Aichi .


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

Ieyasu Ki 家康忌 Ieyasu Memorial Day
元和2年4月17日（1616年6月1日）June 1

Nikkoo Tooshooguu sai
日光東照宮祭 (にっこうとうしょうぐうさい)
Festival at Toshogu in Nikko
Nikkoo sai 日光祭（にっこうさい）Nikko festival
Tooshooguu sai 東照宮祭（とうしょうぐうさい）Toshogu festisval
yoinarisai 宵成祭（よいなりさい）"coming on the night before"
togyosai 渡御祭（とぎょさい）"honorable parade of the main deity"
May 17, 18

. WKD : Tokugawa Ieyasu .



.............................................................................................................................................

家康忌老歯さながら城の石
百合山羽公

久能山に雲こそかかれ家康忌
鳥羽しのぶ

家康の魂ひやゝかに杉木立
正岡子規 Masaoka Shiki

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::



- - - To join me on facebook, click the image !

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]- - - - - #tokugawaieyasu #ieyasu #shinkun - - - -
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Ezo Ainu Culture

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

Ezo, Emishi 蝦夷　エゾ　Ainu Culture アイヌの文化　Yezo, Yeso, Jezo


Photo by Herbert George Ponting (1870-1935)


. Matsumae in Hokkaido 松前 .
Matsumae, one of the oldest port towns in Hokkaido, used to be busy during the summer months in the Edo period for fishing.
The name Matsumae at that time was almost identical with the old name of Ezo / Hokkaido.

. Kitamaebune 北前船 North-bound trade ships .
Matsumaebune 松前船 Matsumae trade ships to Hokkaido


. Ainu Ryori アイヌ料理 Ainu Food - Introduction .
Their traditional cuisine consists of the flesh of bear, fox, wolf, badger, ox or horse, as well as fish, fowl, millet, vegetables, herbs, and roots.
Archaeological finds
Ainu museum in Asahikawa, Hokkaido
Ainu Religion
Chiri Yukie Chiri 知里幸恵 (1903 - 1922)

..............................................................................................................................................

... Ainu Daruma ... アイヌだるま



. Ainu Folk Art and Craft .
- - - - - including
Daruma from Enju Wood エンジュ達磨 / enju 槐 Japanese pagoda tree
Itazu Kunio 板津邦夫, a famous woodcarver, born 1931.
Ainu Kokeshi　こけし


collecting
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::



- quote -
Nibutani-attus 二風谷アツトウシ
A tradition of 紗流川流域 the Saru River basin region since ancient times. It was used in trade with other regions as a product of the Saru River basin during the Edo period.
Nibutani-attus is still made today with the same tools that were used to make it over a hundred years ago.
- source : densan kougeihin -



source : jtcw.jp/2015...
Nibutani ita 二風谷イタ Nibutani carved wooden tray

- quote -
What is Nibutani carved wooden tray ?
Nibutani Ita is a carved wooden tray produced in Biratori-cho, Saru County, Hokkaido.
The origin of the town name, Biratori-cho, is an Ainu word for a cliff, Pirautouru. The characteristic of Nibutani Ita are its patterns. A spiral pattern called Mourenoka, a thorn-shaped pattern called Aiushinoka and an eye-shaped pattern called Shikunoka (all three words are Ainu) are combined to express a beautiful Ainu design. Furthermore, Nibutani Ita always has carved scale-shapes called Ramuramunoka which fill the space between the other patterns. The tray was used daily in the days of the Ainu and it is valued as a delicate craft by modern craftsmen today.
- History
Although Nibutani Ita is assumed to be a tray because of its shape, a song in the folklore of Ainu, Uepekere, mentions Nibutani Ita as a plate on which food was served directly. Blades were a must item for Ainu life and to be able to use the blades skillfully gave men status. For this reason, an Ainu man would put all his energy into making a carved wooden item for a woman who he fancied when they reached marriageable age. With this background, the Ainu-carved wooden items, including Nibutani Ita, have long been used as expensive gifts, presents for exchange or commercial items.
During the Ansei era (1854 – 1859) at the end of the Edo period (1603 – 1868), it was recorded that Nibutani Ita was among the gifts to the Bakufu (government) of the Matsumae Domain. In 1873, Nibutani Ita was exhibited at the EXPO in Vienna. Nibutani Ita was designated as a traditional national craft for the first time in Hokkaido in March 2013.
- General Production Process ...
Biratori Ainu Bunka Joho Center
- source : kogeijapan.com/locale/en... -





Nibutani Ainu Museum 二風谷アイヌ資料館
Nibutani or Niptani (Ainu: ニプタニ), is a district in the town of Biratori in Hokkaido.
With over 80% of the residents being Ainu, it makes it the city with the largest population of its residents being Ainu in all of Hokkaido. It is the site of the Nibutani Dam, and the hometown of Shigeru Kayano. Nibutani is also the site of two Ainu museums "Kayano Shigeru Nibutani Ainu museum" and the "Nibutani Ainu Culture Museum", as well as the Nibutani Family Land.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


Ishū Retsuzō 夷酋列像 Ishu Retsuzo - - Ishuretsuzo


- source : hokkaido-np.co.jp/ishuretsuzo-


- quote　－C.B. Liddell
The frayed edges of modern Japan
In the Edo Period (1603-1868) and the years that followed, Japan made strenuous efforts to bring together its patchwork of feudal regions into a strongly centralized state with a unified culture. Accordingly, the nation now is one of the most homogenous in the world. But there are a couple of places where this strongly mono-cultural model begins to fray.

One is Okinawa, where there is a somewhat different identity, and the other is Hokkaido, where there are still some traces of the indigenous Ainu people and their culture. While recognizing these different ethnic areas could be problematic — leading to separatism, for example — completely ignoring them is not an option, so it is only fitting that efforts to acknowledge them is made. The exhibition “Ishuretsuzo, the Image of Ezo: Tracing Persons, Things and the World” at the National Museum of Japanese History — and from Feb. 25 at the National Museum of Ethnology in Osaka — should be viewed in these terms.



Significantly, the exhibition focuses on the Ainu not as a separate and independent culture but rather as symbiotic allies and auxiliaries of the Japanese. The curation was built around the Ishuretsuzo, a series of portraits of Ainu chieftains, painted by Hakyo Kakizaki (1764-1826), a samurai retainer of the Matsumae clan, who occupied the southern part of Hokkaido to defend the border.

Originally there were 12 portraits, painted in 1790, depicting high-ranking Ainu allies of the clan, with one of the portraits being of a woman, noticeable by her lack of a long beard and her tattooed lips.

These surprisingly skillful works were painted in the aftermath of the Menashi-Kunashir War of 1789, when Ainu attacks on Japanese tradesmen and colonists in the northeastern part of the island led to retaliation by the Matsumae clan and their Ainu allies. The whereabouts of the paintings was unknown, until 1984 when 11 of the works were rediscovered at the Besancon Museum of Fine Arts and Archaeology in eastern France.

These 11 paintings are supplemented by garments and objects, some of which have also been depicted in the pictures, as well as old maps and other artworks showing scenes from Ezo, as Hokkaido was then known. The most impressive item on display is an expansive folding screen from 1741, showing in great detail the town of Matsumae, the headquarters of the eponymous clan. Among the small figures that can be discerned are a group of Ainu visiting the town.


夷酋列像 - Ishuretsuzo

It seems clear from looking at this screen, Kakizaki’s works and the details of the Menashi-Kunashir War, that the Japanese and Ainu were in frequent contact and occupied different economic positions, not separate and exclusive spaces. The Ainu tended to focus on hunting and fur-trapping — the exhibition includes a very large sea otter rug — while the Japanese were traders and farmers.

This was a period when Japan was closed to the rest of the world, except for a strictly controlled stream of trade through Nagasaki. But Ezo’s distance from the capital and its frontier conditions appears to have had a liberalizing effect on trade, with Hokkaido serving as something of a back door to Japan.

This is reflected in Kakizaki’s paintings, which show the Ainu chieftains wearing an outlandish mixture of Chinese, Japanese and even European garments. It is almost as if Ezo was a colder version of Tatooine, the anarchic trading planet in the “Star Wars” movies, with the more powerful Ainu chieftains being particularly colorful characters.

Although tensions occasionally flared up, as in the Menashi-Kunashir War, the mutual benefits for Japanese and Ainu meant that there was good reason for them to get along together.

It is possible to see Kakizaki’s paintings as examples of ethnographic art and depictions of the alien “other.” Attention could be drawn to the evident fascination with which he depicted the hairiness of his subjects and their swaggering and eclectic sense of fashion.

But a more fair-minded appraisal would be to draw attention to the painter’s general realism — his lack of ethnic exaggeration and exoticism. These are works by someone who seems to have been truly familiar with the Ainu people, and it shows. Although Kakizaki’s paintings represent a Japanocentric view of the Ainu, it is one that is nevertheless genuine, sensitive and artistically sympathetic.



'Ishuretsuzo: Shimochi, Ainu Chieftain of Akkeshi, by Hakyo Kakizaki (1790)


'Ishuretsuzo: Tsukinoe, Ainu Chieftain of Kunashiri' by Hakyo Kakizaki (1790)
- source : Japan Times



..............................................................................................................................................


- quote -
Kunashiri Menashi no tatakai クナシリ・メナシの戦い Menashi-Kunashir Rebellion
Menashi-Kunashir Battle was a battle in 1789 between Ainu and Japanese on the Shiretoko Peninsula in northeastern Hokkaidō. It began in May, 1789 when Ainu attacked Japanese on Kunashir Island and parts of the Menashi District as well as at sea. More than 70 Japanese were killed. The Japanese executed 37 Ainu identified as conspirators and arrested many others. Reasons for the revolt are not entirely clear, but they are believed to include a suspicion of poisoned saké being given to Ainu in a loyalty ceremony, and other objectionable behavior by Japanese traders.

The battle is the subject of Majin no Umi, a children's novel by Maekawa Yasuo that received the Japanese Association of Writers for Children Prize in 1970.

A similar large-scale Ainu revolt against Japanese influence in Yezo was Shakushain's Revolt from c. 1669-1672.
- source : wikipedia -

Shakushain no tatakai シャクシャインの戦い Shakushain's Revolt
an Ainu rebellion against Japanese authority on Hokkaidō between 1669 and 1672. It was led by Ainu chieftain Shakushain against the Matsumae clan, . . .
- source : wikipedia -

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

簗崩れこれより蝦夷は鬼の国
yana kuzure kore yori Ezo wa oni no kuni

a broken weir -
from here on its Ezo
land of the Demons

田村正義 Tamura Masayoshi (1938 - )

.......................................................................

雪囲ひ終へて薪積む蝦夷古刹
yukigakoi oete maki tsumi Ezo kosatsu

finishing the snow protection
it is time for collecting firewood
at an old temple in Ezo

Saitoo Setsuko 斎藤節子 Saito Setsuko

.......................................................................

奥蝦夷に建ちし末寺やお取越
石田雨圃子

............................................................................................................................................. .

Ezomatsu 蝦夷松 / えぞ松 Pine from Ezo, (Picea jezoensis）

えぞ松の雪こぼし出づ春の鹿
瀬戸みさゑ
蝦夷松に幣やゆづり葉年用意
飯田弥伊子
蝦夷松の幹立ち塞ぎ蝶飛べず
岡田日郎
蝦夷松の秋風高き旅路かな
水田むつみ

風渡る蝦夷松の下車組む
工藤蘇虹

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::



- - - To join me on facebook, click the image !

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - - - - #ezoainu #ainuezo #matsumae #hokkaido #nibutani - - - -
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Sumitomo family business

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

The Sumitomo family　住友家
and doozan 銅山 Dozan copper mines in Japan

- quote
The Sumitomo Group, of which Sumitomo Corporation is a key member, dates to the 17th century establishment of a book and medicine shop in Kyoto by 小次郎政友　Masatomo Sumitomo. Sumitomo's brother-in-law 蘇我理右衛門　Riemon Soga developed a technology to extract silver from copper, and Soga's son (who married Sumitomo's daughter) 住友友以　Tomomochi Sumitomo expanded this smelting business to Osaka.
From this start, the Sumitomo family expanded its business into copper mining (the Besshi copper mine), followed by textiles, sugar and medicine trading.
Its 家号 Yago house name was 泉屋 Izumiya.

The Sumitomo family was close to the Tokugawa shogunate throughout the Edo period. During the 1860s, this relationship became a liability for the firm as the Tokugawa clan warred with rivals in western Japan. Following the Tokugawas' defeat, Sumitomo was almost ruined and under pressure to sell the Besshi mine, which by that point was nearly unworkable. However, Sumitomo kept the mine and improved its output through adoption of new Western techniques.
During the rapid westernization of Japan in ensuing decades, Sumitomo started various new trading, manufacturing and financing businesses, becoming one of the major zaibatsu of early 20th century Japan.

Sumitomo Corporation (住友商事株式会社 Sumitomo Shōji Kabushiki-gaisha)
is one of the largest worldwide Sogo shosha general trading companies, and is a diversified corporation. The company was incorporated in 1919, it is a member company of the Sumitomo Group.
- source : wikipedia




Sumitomo Corporation
- source : sumitomocorp.co.jp -

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

- quote -
住友家の起源 - 始祖・家祖・業祖
住友の姓は、戦国の末、もともと先祖に順美平内友定という人物がおり、桓武天皇の曾孫・高望王の二十二代目にその子・小太郎（忠重）が父の姓と名をとって「住友」の姓を称して室町将軍に仕えて、備中守に任じられたのに始まる。

平家の末裔である戦国武士だった住友家の先祖は、国取り物語の戦国時代を有為転変の歴史を生きる。室町将軍に仕えた「始祖」・住友忠重の子・頼定は、足利義晴に仕え、頼定の子・定信は刑部承と称した。そして、定信の子・定重は、今川義忠（今川義元の祖父）に仕えるが、定重の子・信定の代になり、今川氏が滅んでしまったので、摂津の中川清秀に仕え、入江土佐守と称し、中川十六騎の一人として知られたが、尾崎の陣で戦死してしまう。また入江土佐守（信定）の子・政俊は越前国の柴田氏に仕え、若狭守と称し越前丸岡城にあったが、柴田勝家と共に北庄城で滅んでしまった。政俊の子・長行は、徳川家康の子で結城家へ養子入りした結城秀康に用いられるが、住友家の武家の歴史はここまでである。戦国の習いとはいえ、武家社会の興亡の激しさと無情を感じたのか長行は、自分の子供たちに武家の世界から足を洗わせた。
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -



新居浜市角野新田町3丁目13番

- quote -
The Besshi copper mine (別子銅山 Besshi dōzan) was a rich source of copper in Niihama, Ehime Prefecture.
The deposits were discovered in 1690, and mining began in the following year. From then until the closing of the mine in 1973, Besshi produced about 700,000 tons of copper, and contributed to Japan's trade and modernization. The Sumitomo family managed the mine, which helped build the Sumitomo zaibatsu. The Dōzan River was named after the copper mine.
The Minetopia Besshi theme park uses some of the mine's facilities.
- source : wikipedia -

During the Edo period, the copper had to be carried from the high mountain down to the beach at Niihama. Male porters with 45 kg in a backpack and female porters with 30 kg had to go down a very small and dangerous mountain path of about 12 kilometers with this load.
In a recent re-creation some male porters made it for just a few meters and than had to give up because it was too dangerous.
Hirose Saihei 広瀬宰平 (1828 - 1914)
was the first 初代住友総理人 Director-General.
- source : Rules Governing the House of Sumitomo -
At the beginning of the Meiji period, modern equipment was introduced by Hirose as much as possible, with mountain railroads and ropeways to carry the burden.
But the immense smoke produced during the melting process caused damage to the local crops 煙害問題.
Iba Teigo 伊庭貞剛 (1847 - 1926) - second director genera.
Even a re-location of the ovens and a huge chimney on an uninhabited island off Niihama 四阪島 could not solve the problem and only caused further damage to a large part of the surrounding farms. Finally special filters were developed to contain the poisonous smoke.
The history of Besshi Copper Mine was taken up in a very instructive TV infotainment in january 2016.


Hyakunen no Kei, Watashi ni Ari
Shirarezaru Meiji SangyouIshin Leader Den
Cast: Enoki Takaaki, Ishiguro Ken,
Asari Yosuke, Asaka Mayumi, Hiki Rie, Yamada Kinuo, Patrick Lample
Synopsis:
Sumitomo’s first director general was Hirose Saihei (Enoki Takaaki) who grew up at the Besshi Copper Mine run by the house of Sumitomo in Shiga Prefecture from young. He convinces Sumitomo to embark on modernising its mine “for the sake of Japan 100 years into the future”.
Persistent and particular about modernisation at the hands of the Japanese, he was an active proponent of transferring Western technology. He made his subordinate Shiono Monnosuke (Asari Yosuke) study in France and learn mining technology. This is how the copper mine was rapidly modernised.
But on the other hand, the smoke emissions from smelting mill caused environmental problems. It was Hirose’s nephew Iba Teigo (Ishiguro Ken) who volunteered to tackle this difficult situation. In order to solve the root of the problem, Iba proposed an incredible plan to move the modern smelting mill, which was completed less than 10 years ago, to another place just like the current. A furious Hirose was absolutely against this reckless plan. But Iba talked him into it and even carried out a huge reforestation plan to restore nature at the mountains of Besshi that had been devastated by mining and smelting that spanned 200 years. Iba would go on to become Sumitomo’s second director general.
How far did the reforms of Hirose and Iba get?
- source : jdramas.wordpress.com -

..............................................................................................................................................


葛がくれ幕府御用の銅の道
kuzugakure bakufu goyoo no doo no michi

hidden in Kuzu
the copper road
of the Bakufu

品川鈴子 Shinagawa Suzuko



別子銅山のぼれば桔梗また桔梗
Besshi doozan noboreba kikyoo mata kikyoo

Besshi copper mine
climbing up there are Chinese bellflowers
and more bellflowers

津村芳水 Tsumura Hosui


. kikyoo 桔梗 Chinese bellflower - Platycodon grandiflorus. .
- kigo for autumn -

.......................................................................

草笛に吹くよ別子の銅山節
kusabue ni fuku yo Besshi no doozanbushi

blowing it
on a reed flute -
the Besshi Copper Mine Song

品川鈴子 Shinagawa Suzuko




別子銅山せっとう節 Besshi Dozan Settobushi
江戸時代から鉱山へ出稼ぎにきた坑夫たちによって歌い継がれた作業歌とされています。
女は絣の着物にタスキがけ、男は坑夫のいでたちで登場します。
- reference -


. kusabue 草笛 "reed flute" .
- kigo for summer -

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

- - - - - There was one more important copper mine in Japan.

Ashio doozan 足尾銅山 Ashio Dozan, Ashio Copper Mine

- quote -
The Ashio Copper Mine, Ashio, Tochigi prefecture, became very significant from the end of the 19th century to the mid-20th century. It was the site of major pollution in the 1880s and the scene of the 1907 miners riots.



The Ashio mine has been in existence at least since 1600 when it belonged to the Tokugawa shogunate. At that time it produced about 1,500 tons annually, although this declined when the mine was closed in 1800. It became privately owned in 1871 following the industrialisation initiated by the Meiji restoration. By 1877 it became the property of Furukawa Ichibei, and by the 1880s production had increased dramatically, reaching 4,090 tons by 1885, 78 per cent of the total output of the Furukawa mines and 39 percent of Japan's copper production.

The Ashio mine was shut down in 1973.
The Ashio Copper Mine Incident is the name given to the environmental disaster that occurred as a result of the Ashio mining operations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


..............................................................................................................................................

. Kaido 街道 the old highways .

akagane kaido あかがね街道 / 銅街道 copper highway
doozan kaido 銅山街道 copper mine highway

Connecting the Ashio copper mine with the 前島河岸 Maejima coast.
About 45 km long with a difference in hight of about 600 m.


- CLICK for more photos !

..............................................................................................................................................

製錬のにほひかそかに夏山路
seiren no nioi kasoka ni natsu yamaji

the faint smell
of metal smelting
on the summer mountain road

上村占魚 Uemura Sengyo (下野足尾銅山)

.......................................................................


足尾銅山枯葉に重さありにけり
Ashio doozan kareha ni omosa ari ni keri

Ashio copper mine
and the withered leaves
feel so heavy . . .

渡辺恭子 Watanabe Kyoko




:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.......................................................................
Akita 阿仁合村 Aniai - 阿仁銅山 Ani copper mine

gingitsune 銀狐 the silver fox
Once upon a time a rich merchant from Osaka found a silver fox in his garden, but when he woke up from this dream, his wife had turned into a silver fox. So the wife-fox left her husband, but he came after her, travelling around in Japan. One day his wife-fox appeared again and told him, if he climbed up this mountain he would find precious metal.
This is the beginning of the Ani doozan 阿仁銅山 copper mines in Ani .

阿仁鉱山 Ani Kozan mines for copper, gold and silver.
Copper was first found in 1716. Shut down in 1987.



- quote -
Originally developed as a gold mine in 1300s, Ani mine became one of the top three copper mines in Japan with the highest record copper production in 1716 when operated by the Satake clan.
German mining engineers were invited in the 19th century to further improve its production. Ijinkan is a western building that used to accommodate such engineers, including Adolf Meckel, and was later used as a guesthouse after they left. The building was designated a national cultural asset in 1990.
- source : akita-ecotown.com -

. Kaido 街道 Highways of Japan .

Ani Kaidoo 阿仁街道 Ani Kaido Highway

From 角館 Kakunodate via the pass 大覚野峠 Daigakuno Toge to 阿仁銀山町 Ani Ginzan town, then to 米内沢 Yonaizawa and 小繁 Kotsunagi.
The part until the pass is also called
大覚野街道 Daigakuno Kaido
- reference and photos : akitabi.com/ani... -

Connecting to
角館街道 Kakudate Kaido, 刈和野街道 Kariwano Kaido, 生保内街道 Obonai Kaido and 五城目街道 Gojome Kaido.


.......................................................................
Akita 土川 Tsuchikawa - 杉沢銅山 Sugisawa copper mine

katame no sakana 片目の魚 fish with one eye
The stonefish (kajika 鰍) from Tsuchikawa village living below the copper mine lost one eye when the paths were hit by a landslide and the blood of the killed workers flowed down the river, filling one of the fish's eyes.

This mine for gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc in the 大仙市 Daisen town district was closed in 1972.

.......................................................................
Gifu 洞戸村 Horado

hitokui Ebisu 人喰いエビス man-eating Ebisu
This man-eating Ebisu was hit by an arrow from 正之御前 Masa no Gozen at 弓保木, the blood of Ebisu flew down the river at 赤谷 Akadani and he finally fled to 恵比寿山 Mount Ebisusan to the copper mine grotto 銅山岩屋 (also called Ebisugura エベスグラ.)

There is a small shrine in honor of Masa no Gozen 正の御前, 正之御前社.
It is about 540 meter high on Ebisu mountain.



In the shrine is a deity and two bronze mirrors.
A warrior from Echizen who had lost his head in battle and his retainer Masa no Gozen burried it on the mountain.
- source : sankyoharinko -

.......................................................................
- source : nichibun yokai database -

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::



- - - To join me on facebook, click the image !

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- - - - - #sumitomo #besshicopper #edobakufu #akagane #copperkaido - - - -
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Aomonocho District

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　
Aomonochoo　青物町 Aomonocho "vegetable" district

. Edo Dento Yasai 江戸伝統野菜 Traditional Vegetables of Edo .



After Tokugawa Ieyasu founded the town, many people came to work here and to feed them all was one of the great projects that had to be taken care of. For fresh vegetables, Ieyasu had a market set up with the help of

Soga Kozaemon 曽我小左衛門　/ 曾我小左衛門
He had come from Odawara, Kanagawa and settled in the district near Nihonbashi and Yorozucho 萬町 / 万町, which soon took the name of the Odawara original.

- quote
江戸へ行った小田原の『青物町』
- source : 田代道彌

To the North of Aomonocho was
Ikedai Yashiki　活鯛屋敷　
where the fish for Edo Castle were kept in ikesu　生洲 fish preserve ponds.

Soon other wholesalers came to live in Amonocho too, like tea merchants, soy sauce merchants, dried foods merchants and even incense stick merchants and many more
問屋が多く、定飛脚問屋、乾物問屋、茶問屋、紙煙草入問屋、鍋釜問屋、干菓子問屋、薬屋、筆墨硯師、醤油酢問屋など . . .
Near the wholesalers, smaller vegetable shops also set up business.

Most of this area got lost and parts of it are now reconstructed and excarvated from the ruins.

aomono-tori 青物取り taking green things,
is still a common word for collecting sansai　山菜 mountain vegetables in spring.


Nihonbashi Ichome 日本橋１丁目 First District of Nihonbashi
現在の日本橋１丁目の地は、中央通り（日本橋通り）を中心に、通１～４丁目、通 １丁目新道、西河岸町、呉服町新道、元四日市町（活鯛屋敷・日本橋蔵屋敷）江戸橋広小路、本材木町１・２丁目、万町、青物町、平松町の一部、佐内町などの多くの町があり、江戸城下の中心として活気あふれる庶民の町でした。Yorozucho 万町とAomonocho 青物町の間の 南北の通りを中通りといいました。
- source : makibuchi/chuo_aruku -


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Edo no Aomono Ichiba 江戸の青物市場 Vegetable Markets in Edo
In the "three vegetable district" 青物三ケ町 Aomono Sangamachi in Kanda
Tachō, 多町 Tacho - 連雀町 Renjakucho - 永富町 Eifukucho

. Daikongashi 大根河岸 Daikon-gashi district - Kyobashi . - Chuo
"Radish-Riverbank"

. Tachō, 神田多町 Kanda Tacho district .
and the greengrocer 河津五郎太夫 Kawazu Goro Daiyu


From there street vendors would take off every day.



aomono uri 青物売り vegetable vendor

正徳４年（1714）から幕府御用となり、享保１０年（1725）には、問屋は９４人も居たというのです。
- source : edosanpo.blog109 -

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

There are other districts in Japan with this name.

..............................................................................................................................................
神奈川県 Kanagawa　小田原 Odawara



Aomonocho Shotengai　商店街　 Shopping Street


..............................................................................................................................................
岩手県 Iwate, 盛岡市 Morioka



The district used to be called 仙北町新小路 Senboku and was re-named to Aomonocho in 1812. It is the district in front of the shrine 駒形神社 Komagata Jinja.



The 明治橋 Meiji Bridge of Aomonocho

.......................................................................

. Kappa legends from Iwate 河童 / かっぱ / カッパ .

カッパ Kappa and Sumo wrestler 七つ瀧 Nanatsu-Taki (Seven Waterfalls)
At 青物町 Aomonocho there lived a former Sumo wrestler, he now dealt with horses (bakuroo バクロウ). Once he went to the river with a horse, where he met a Kappa. The Kappa wanted to pull the horse into the water, but the strong Nanatsutaki pulled him out with ease. The Kappa apologized and promised never to pull humans into the water again.
He promised to stay off from 明神淵 Myojin-Fuchi to 御舟小屋 Ofune-Koya. And all other Kappa would also respect this promise.
Since this day, no fatal water accidents happened there and people now bring offerings to the local shrine festival

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

- - - - -　 H A I K U　 - - - - -

青物を買ふ女房の袷かな
aomono o kau nyoobo no awase kana

the summer robe
of my wife buying
vegetables . . .


貧乏な青物店や夏大根
binboo na aomonoten ya natsu daikon

this poor
vegetable shop -
Daikon in summer

. Kawahigashi Hekigoto 河東碧梧桐 .


. daikon 大根　Radish, Reddish, Raphanus sativas .

..............................................................................................................................................


春風や青物市の跡広し
harukaze ya aomono ichi no ato hiroshi

spring wind -
the remains of the vegetable market
are quite large

at Senju 千住 in Tokyo

こほろぎや青物市のこぼれ菜に
koorogi ya aomono ichi no koboreha ni

this cricket -
it sits on a fallen leaf
at the vegetable market

. Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規 .


. koorogi 蟋蟀 cricket, Gampsocleis buergeri .
- kigo for autumn -

..............................................................................................................................................

そらまめ剥く祭の路地の青物屋
野澤節子

はつゆきや青物市のよめがはぎ
高井几董

大根干す青物市場のフエンスにも
五十嵐波津子

打水を店の中まで青物屋
中田勘一

朝寒や青物洗ふ高瀬川
村上霽月

青物に涼しき月の巷かな
尾崎紅葉

青物を軒に培ひ長屋夏
石塚友二

魚屋に青物売つて小鳥来る
石川桂郎

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::



- - - To join me on facebook, click the image !

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]- - - - - #aomonocho - - - -
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Renjakucho District Kanda

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　
Renjakuchoo, Kanda renjaku machi 神田連雀町 Renjaku-Cho district
千代田区 Chiyoda ward

Now comprising the following districts in Kanda :
神田連雀町 - - - 万世橋　Manseibashi bridge toward 須田町一丁目 Sudacho first district and 、淡路町二丁目 Awajicho second district.
This district existed since 1573, was destroyed by fire in 1657. The inhabitants were relocated to
Mitaka, taking the names of 三鷹 地区名 - - 上連雀、下連雀. (- see below )
Now the 交通博物館 Traffic Museum is the central part of it.

The street vendors kept their backpacks at the entrance of the home. There were also many craftsmen who made the renjaku backpacks.



The name refers to the renjaku 連尺 / 連索 backpacks of the street vendors who lived there, carrying their ware around Edo.
shiyoiko 背負子（しよいこ) "street vendor with a backpack"

renjaku akinai 連尺商い "doing business with a backpack"

. kago 籠 / 篭 / かご　basket, baskets of all kinds .
seoi-kago 背負いかご / 背負い籠 backpack basket

The Chinese characters are a pun :
renjaku 連雀 Japanese waxwing, Bombycilla japonica
. WKD : kigo for late autumn .

..............................................................................................................................................


江戸行商百姿 - 花咲 一男

. gyooshoonin 行商人 Gyoshonin - street vendors .

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Introducing some sweet stores in Renjaku loved by Ikenami Shotaro
- quote
池波正太郎と神田・連雀町を歩く
神田・連雀町は空襲を受けたのにもかかわらず都心の中で数少ない焼け残った地域です(関東大震災では焼けています)。町名の由来は行商人が背負う荷籠の連尺に因んでいると言われています。
尺が雀に変わって「連雀町」になったそうです。



残念ながら昭和の初めにはこの名前は消えてしまいました。この地域は天正年間（1573）にはすでに町屋が開けており、明暦３年(1657)の振袖火事の後、ここの住民は新田開発の為、現在の三鷹駅の南側に移されています。そのため三鷹の地区名が上連雀、下連雀となっているわけです。また現在の交通博物館の所は中央線の旧万世橋駅です。明治４５年に完成していますが万世橋駅を通るはずだった総武線が秋葉原駅から直接お茶の水駅に繋がった為、昭和１１年には駅は廃止されています。そのため東京駅にあった交通博物館が旧万世橋駅に移ってきました。昭和初期までは新橋、新宿、上野に負けない大きな繁華街だったそうです.
（「地図から消えた東京の町」から）
- source : tokyo-kurenaidan.com/ikenami-renjyaku

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::



Renjakumachi れんじゃく町 (Renjaku District)
Kanda Gosairei 神田御祭礼 (The Kanda Festival)
Torii Kiyonaga (鳥居清長)

Girl dressed as the legendary gold merchant Kaneuri Kichiji, seated on a horse piled with cushions, and surrounded by 'attendants', part of the Kanda Festival procession.
- source : britishmuseum.org -

.......................................................................


Kaneuri Kichiji 金売吉次 / 金売り吉次 / 吉次信高 / 橘次末春
Kichiji Nobutaka, Kitsuji Sueharu, Kane-uri Kichiji
a gold merchant of the Heian period, involved in trade with Ôshû, Hiraizumi in Tohoku 奥州の金商人吉次.
He is mentioned in the old records about the Heike, and Yoshitsune.
『平治物語』『平家物語』『義経記』『源平盛衰記』


source : mt-zao-onsen-resort

- quote -
When Shanaō (Ushiwakamaru, later Yoshitsune) was sixteen years old, a merchant named Kitsuji Sueharu (also known as Kaneuri Kichiji or Kichiji Nobutaka) visited Kurama based on rumors of the talented youth. He had no idea what the child in question looked like, but he happened to spot Shanaō while walking the mountain path. He was surprised by the outstanding figure - almost doubted his eyes at the splendor - but Kitsuji knew he found the famous child of Yoshitomo.
When he returned to Oshu, he told Fujiwara no Hidehira of his experience. Hidehira, who was ecstatic to hear that the rumors of Yoshitomo's offspring were true, ordered for the boy to be fetched to Oshu at once. He wished to have the child nearby should the battle against the Heike one day rise again. After being informed about the history behind the rumors, Hidehira was willing to accept the boy as though he were own son, wishing to protect Yoshitomo's lost legacy.
- source : wiki/Yoshitsune_Minamoto -

. Minamoto no Yoshitsune 源の義経 (1159 - 1189) .
- Introduction -
Shanaoo, Shanaō 遮那王　Shanao (his boyhood name at Kurama)
牛若丸　Ushiwakamaru // Hoogan 判官 Hogan (his court title)


Oshu Hidehira Uhatsu no Hanamuko: Kurayama no dan -
奥州秀衡有うはつ壻（おうしゅうひでひらうはつのはなむこ）;
Awaji Puppet Theater
- quote -
One day, a Heike warrior Nanba Jûrô came to the foot of Kuramayama mountain in Kyoto. He stopped at a teahouse, which served dengaku (skewered tofu glazed with miso). He came here because he heard that Ushiwakamaru of Genji clan had hidden himself in the mountain. Suddenly, a shout of victory came from the rear mountain. Nanba Jûrô confirmed that Ushiwaka had collected his allies as he suspected and went back to let Heike party know the fact.

Ushiwaka appeared from the rear mountain and easily defeated 5 monk-soldiers of the Kuramayama temple. Viewing this fight, the teahouse manager laughed at defeated poor monks. The monks got angry with the manager and tried to beat him, but they were defeated again this time by the teahouse manager and chased away.

When Ushiwaka tried to fight with the manager, the manager suddenly kneed in front of him and said ‘You are truly the lord Minamoto no Ushiwaka’. In fact, the manager named Kaneuri Kichiji was a servant of the lord Hidehira in Ôshû. He showed Ushiwaka a letter from his lord, which tells that Hidehira wanted to invite Ushiwaka to Ôshû to prepare for a war against Heike. Ushiwaka accepted the proposal and left for Ôshû, disguising himself as a mean road-horse man. Ushiwakamaru was 16 at that time.

In the meantime, Nanba Jûrô came back bringing Heike soldiers with him. Kichiji wore a mask of Tengu (a long-nosed mountain goblin) and tried to threaten and chase them away. But he was discovered as human and he fought with them. Finally, Kichiji destroyed all Heike warriors and hurried for Ôshû, following Ushiwaka.
- source : awajiningyoza.com -

- - - - - quote -
Yumeyakata - historical tale of the Oshu-Fujiwara clan
Scene 18: Yoshitsune entering Hiraizumi



Hidehira, the third generation Oshu-Fujiwara, was appointed governor of the area in 1170 and governor of Mutsu in 1181. Hidehira became the most powerful man in Mutsu and was known as the ‘King’ of northern Japan. At the same time, Yoshitsune Minamoto came to Hiraizumi, counting on Hidehira’s help.
Yoshitsune was accompanied by a gold trader named Kaneuri Kichiji.
Yoshitsune was the son of Yoshitomo Minamoto who was defeated by Kiyomori Taira in Heiji Rebellion. The scene depicts Hidehira welcoming Yoshitsune in front of the mansion Kyara-no-gosho.
- source : yumeyakata-historical-tale-of-oshu -

After arranging the meeting of Hidehira and Yoshitsune, Kichiji went back to Kyoto, with many presents and a lot of of gold dust.
At least that is what the legends tell us. There are doubts whether he was a real person or just an addition to the Yoshitsune legends.
Still there are places which claim to have the grave of Kichiji (or his brother) in various parts on the way from Kyoto to Hiraizumi　平泉.　Some legends say he was murdered, others say he fell ill and died on the way.

. 牛若丸 Ushiwakamaru - Yoshitsune 義経 .


source : echatxfiles.blog
The mysterious Kaneuri Kichiji

- reference : kaneuri kichiji -

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

Mitaka Kami-Renjaku 三鷹上連雀村 Renjaku village district in Mitaka
三鷹市 Mitaka city, 三鷹上連雀一丁目から上連雀九丁目 from the first to the ninth sub-district



The new farming area was called 連雀前新田 Renjaku-mae Shinden New Fields in 1957, after 明暦の大火 the Great Fire of Meireki.
Mitaka used to be the hawking area of the Tokugawa Shoguns.

Mitaka city 三鷹市 "three hawks"
is located on the Kantō Plain, just outside the 23 special wards of Tokyo Metropolis, which are on its eastern borders.
The Tamagawa Josui Canal, which runs alongside Mitaka station, has an important place in history, built in 1653 to feed the local metropolis. It is also the place where novelist Osamu Dazai committed suicide in 1948. The National Astronomical Observatory of Japan is located in Mitaka.
- History
The area of present-day Mitaka was part of ancient Musashi Province. In the post-Meiji Restoration catastral reform of July 22, 1878, the area became part of Kitatama District in Kanagawa Prefecture.
The village of Mitaka was created on April 1, 1889 with the establishment of municipalities law. Kitatama District was transferred to the administrative control of Tokyo Metropolis on April 1, 1893. Mitaka was raised to town status in 1940.
Mitaka City was officially founded on November 3, 1950. A motion to merge with neighboring Musashino City failed in 1955 by only a single vote in the Mitaka city assembly.
- wikipedia -


牟礼 Mure, 井の頭 Inokashira, 新川 Shinkawa, 深大寺 Jindaiji, 井口 Iguchi, 北野 Kitano, 野崎 Nozaki,
大沢 Ozawa, 中原 Nakahara
Many jutaku danchi 住宅団地 housing districts. Mitaka is primarily a bedroom community for Tokyo.

. Inokashira　井の頭 "Head of the Well" .

. Jindaiji 深大寺 Jindai-Ji, Daruma Temple .

- quote -
Aoi-no-yashiro, Torakashiwa-no-yashiro 青渭社 虎柏社

Aoi-no-yashiro is a shrine located in Jindai-ji Temple, Chōfu City
and has attracted worshippers as the head tutelary shrine of Jindai-ji Temple since old times.
It was also called 青波天神社 Seiha Tenjin (blue wave god) Shrine
because spring water in a large pond within the shrine grounds looked like blue waves.
Torakashiwa Shrine located in 調布市佐須町 Sazumachi, Chōfu City
was built during the reign of 崇峻天皇 Emperor Sushun (589).
It is said that the shrine was built as the village tutelary god of the Chinese and Koreans
who settled in 狛江郷 Komae-gō (the area covering present Komae City and 調布 Chofu City).
-source : Tokyo Metropolitan Library -

- quote -
Senryū-ji Temple 泉龍寺

It is said that Senryū-ji Temple began when 良弁 Rōben, the priest who opened 東大寺 Tōdai-ji Temple in Nara,
built a temple in this area when he offered prayers for rain in 765.
Although the temple deteriorated during the Warring States period,
it was reconstructed in the Edo period by 石谷清定 Ishigaya Kiyosada
who took an office of estate steward in charge of 入間村 Irima village (Chōfu City) and
和泉村 Izumi village (Komae City) under Tokugawa Ieyasu.
- source : Tokyo Metropolitan Library -

- quote -
Izumi-mura Reisen 和泉村霊泉 Izumi Village

It is said that spring gushed out when the priest Rōben offered prayers for rain.
The spring is the sacred spring that still remains in the temple grounds
and gave the place its name of Izumi (which means "spring").
- source : Tokyo Metropolitan Library -

- further reference : mitaka tokyo -

..............................................................................................................................................

Shinkawa 新川 Shinkawa sub-district "new river"
新川一丁目 - 新川二丁目 first and second sub-district
in the former Kyobashi area 京橋地域.
The area used to be called 平川 Hirakawa (the former river 元の神田川 Kandagawa), it was an island in the estuary of 八丁堀川 Hatchoborigawa called 江戸中島 Edo Nakashima (Nakajima). During the rebuilding of Edo by Tokugawa Ieyasu, the rivers were relocated and the Shinkawa area developed at the Reiganjima area.

. Reiganjima 霊巌島 / 霊岸島 Island Reiganjima .
中央区新川 / Shinkawa, Chūō ward
Saint Reigan developed this land between the rivers Kameshimagawa and Sumidagawa and built the temple Reigan-Ji.

. Hirakawachoo　平川町 Hirakawa-Cho, Hirakawa district .

.......................................................................

. Kawase Hasui 川瀬巴水 (1883 - 1957) .
woodblock prints


Yoru no Shinkawa 夜乃新川 / 夜の新川 Shinkawa at Night (1919)
from the series Twelve Scenes of Tokyo

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::



- - - To join me on facebook, click the image !

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. Kanda 神田 Kanda district　千代田区 Chiyoda ward .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. - Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. densetsu 伝説　Japanese Legends - Introduction .

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]- - - - - #kandarenjaku #renjakucho #kaneurikichiji　#kichiji #- - - -
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::