Fujizuka mounds

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Fujizuka, Fuji-zuka 富士塚 Mound to honor Mount Fujisan


CLICK for more photos !

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Fujizuka (富士塚) are small mounds, commonly found in and around Tokyo, which represent Mount Fuji.
During the Edo period (1603–1868), a cult arose around the mountain, one of whose major devotional rites was to climb to the peak. Pilgrims who were unable through age, infirmity or gender to climb Mount Fuji would ascend one of these surrogates instead. They were usually around ten feet high, and replicate the 10 stations on Fuji itself, from the foot of the mountain to the summit. Some were also situated so as to provide pleasant views of their surrounding area, such as the Moto-Fuji at Meguro.

Although they are not included among the objects that make up the Cultural World Heritage Site, there are many Fujizuka that have been designated as Cultural Properties by the national government of Japan or by local governments. Famous Fujizuka within the precincts of Tokyo include
the Shitaya-sakamoto Fuji (within the grounds of the Onoterusaki shrine),
the Nagasaki Fuji (beside the main shrine building of the Fuji Sengen shrine) and
the Ekoda Fuji (within the grounds of the Ekoda Sengen shrine).
One such Fujizuka is found at Shinagawa Shrine near Shinbanba station in Tokyo. According to the shrine's kannushi, Mr. Suzuki, the Fujizuka, built between 1869–72, is a relatively late addition, and is said to bestow the same benefit on those who climb it as climbing Mt. Fuji.
- source : wikipedia



source : Yoko Arisaka
Map of the many Fujizuka in Edo - said to be more than 60 !
Many are off limits now and can only be climbed once a year during the Festival when the climbing season of the real Mount Fuji starts in Summer.


Many shrines in Japan had a special boulder or mound where Fuji worshippers could "climb" to the top and perform austerities and offer prayers.
. Fujikoo 富士講 Fujiko, Mount Fuji worship group .



Hatonomori Hachiman Jinja 鳩森八幡神社

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Asakusa　浅草
. Fuji Asama Shrine 富士浅間神社 .

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Fukagawa　深川


Ando Hiroshige

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Funabori no Fujizuka 船堀の富士塚
日枝神社 Hie Jinja



Build with some lava rocks of Mount Fuji.
At the top is a small shrine of 浅間神 Asama Jinja.

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Imai no Fujizuka 今井の富士塚



Located at the back of 上今井香取神社 Kami Imai Katori Jinja (1564).
It was built with the lava rocks of Mt. Fuji in 1930. It is 2.5 meters high. One stone at its base dates back to 1751.

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Mizuinari Jinja　水稲荷神社 Shinjuku 新宿
Takada Fuji　高田富士


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On the north side of Hosen-ji Temple in the vicinity of Waseda University Building No.9 (in the grounds of the former Mizu-Inari-jinja Shrine), is the site of an Edo period landmark called Takada Fuji-zuka. From the middle of the Edo period (1603-1867), the divinity of Mount Fuji was a popular belief and in every region "Fuji-zuka" (Fuji mound) were constructed as replicas of Mount Fuji.
Takada Fuji was created in 1779 by Takada Toshiro, a landscaper from Takada Village and was the oldest of these mounds in Edo. It was about 5 meters high.
During 1905-1906, Waseda University purchased the grounds of the then Mizu-Inari-jinja Shrine and the Takada Fuji-zuka was destroyed. However, it was restored in the grounds of the current Mizu-Inari-jinja Shrine which itself was moved to the side of the city administered Kansen-en Park.
On the site of the original Takada Fuji-zuka now stands Waseda University Building No.9, a high rise building.
- source : kanko-shinjuku.jp -

Takada Tooshiroo　高田藤四郎 Takada Toshiro
Born I706 in Tajima no Kuni 但馬の国 (now Hyogo).
He climbed Mount Fuji for the first time when he was 16 and 34 times alltogether in his lifetime.

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Nagashima no Fujizuka 長島の富士塚
at Shrine 香取神社 Katori Jinja at 東葛西 Higashi Kasai



This hill is about 4 meters hig.
The top is covered with unregular boulders, the stones at the bottom are about more round.
At the top is a stone memorial with the inscription of 浅間神社 Asama Jinja.
This mound has been built in 1917 on request of the nearby villages of 長島 /b 桑川両村 Nagashima and Kuwagawa.

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Meguro　目黒


Ando Hiroshige - and the 三田上水 Mita Josui waterway

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This is a picture of Meguro Fujizaka by Utagawa Hiroshige, April 1857.
The Fujizaka in Meguro was about 15 metres high and was complete with a Shintō Torii at its base and a zig zag path to a shrine at the top imitating the paths on the slopes of the real Mount Fuji. It was built in 1819 on land belonging to Kondo Juzō, an explorer of Hokkaido and a hatamato. In 1826 he was involved in a land dispute with a man called Hannosuke, the owner of a teahouse that was located in the area at the base of Meguro Shinfuji . He took the case to court and won. Hannosuke made threats and as a consequence Kondo’s son Tomizo, to avenge his father’s honour, attacked Hannosuke killing seven members of the family. Tomizo was exiled to Hokkaido and Kondo was exiled to Ōmizo Domain and place under house arrest in the care of the Lord of that Domain, Mitsuyasu Wakebe, who treated him with the utmost respect.
The story was adapted by Takeshiba Kisui for the Kabuki stage in a play entitled
‘The Incident at the foot of Meguro’s New Miniature Mountain’ (山開目黒新富士 Yamabiraki Meguro no Shinfuji).
- source : Trevor Skingle facebook 2017 -

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Meguro Moto-Fuji 目黒元不二

Meguro Moto-Fuji is a 12m high man-made Mt. Fuji at Kami Meguro, Meguro Ward
built by a Fuji-worshipping group of Meguro in 1812 (the ninth year of Bunka).
Asama Shrine 浅間神社 was dedicated at the summit, just as on the real Mt. Fuji
and at the opening of the mountain on June 1st, many would come on pilgrimages.
- source : Tokyo Metropolitan Museum -


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. Onoterusaki jinja 小野照崎神社 Onoterusaki Shrine .
and the Fujizuka festival 富士塚祭り

... to celebrate the opening of the mountain climbing season of Mt. Fuji.
The "Fuji Hill", a miniature of Mount Fuji, is about 7 meters high. To climb it would bring the same spiritual merit as climbing Mt. Fuji itself.
The "Fuji Hill" of this shrine was constructed in 1828.
Once every three years the festival is especially large and the mikoshi palanquin is carried around in the neighbourhood. Only when a new emperor succeeds or a crown prince is born will the festival be held in this year too.

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- - - - - Shimokamata no Fujizuka 下鎌田の富士塚

There are at least two, one in 天祖神社 Tenso Jinja and one in 豊田神社 Toyota Jinja.



Built in the beginning of the Showa period by the Fujiko group 葛西講.
It has been rebuilt together with the re-moving of the shrine to its present location, now
江戸川区東葛西7-17　（中割天祖神社）Tenso Jinja

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. 鐵砲洲 Teppozu Fujizuka .
at Teppozu Inari Jinja 鐵砲洲稲荷神社

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The one in Toyota Jinja is about three meters high and rather new, built in 1916. The shrine itself is about 200 years old.
The Fujiko Group is 下鎌田割菱八行講. The main festivals are on the first of July and 28th of August.


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. Hikawa Jinja 氷川神社 Hikawa Shrines in Japan .


Ando Hiroshige

上目黒氷川神社　Hikawa Jinja 氷川神社 in Kami-Meguro
(大橋氷川神社)

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川口氷川神社 Hikawa Jinja
Kawaguchi 埼玉県川口市青木5丁目18番48号


source : ameblo.jp/yorozu39

Amulet with Fujizuka 絵馬 ema votive tablet


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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

富士塚に登り浦安祭かな
Fujizuka ni nobori Urayasu matsuri kana

at the Urayasu
festival I climb up
the Fuji Mound . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve

米倉典子　Yonekura Noriko

浦安稲荷神社 Urayasu Inari Jinja


- source and more photos : ナツパパ さん -

- - - - - Events in Urayasu
Urayasu Sanja Matsuri 浦安三社祭
Seiryuu Jinja （清瀧神社）/ Toyouke Jinja （豊受神社） / Inari Jinja （稲荷神社）
- source : sites.google.com/site -

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. densetsu 伝説　Japanese Legends - Introduction .


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- - - - - #fujizukaedo #fujizuka - - - -
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Renjakucho District Kanda

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Renjakuchoo, Kanda renjaku machi 神田連雀町 Renjaku-Cho district
千代田区 Chiyoda ward

Now comprising the following districts in Kanda :
神田連雀町 - - - 万世橋　Manseibashi bridge toward 須田町一丁目 Sudacho first district and 、淡路町二丁目 Awajicho second district.
This district existed since 1573, was destroyed by fire in 1657. The inhabitants were relocated to
Mitaka, taking the names of 三鷹 地区名 - - 上連雀、下連雀. (- see below )
Now the 交通博物館 Traffic Museum is the central part of it.

The street vendors kept their backpacks at the entrance of the home. There were also many craftsmen who made the renjaku backpacks.



The name refers to the renjaku 連尺 / 連索 backpacks of the street vendors who lived there, carrying their ware around Edo.
shiyoiko 背負子（しよいこ) "street vendor with a backpack"

renjaku akinai 連尺商い "doing business with a backpack"

. kago 籠 / 篭 / かご　basket, baskets of all kinds .
seoi-kago 背負いかご / 背負い籠 backpack basket

The Chinese characters are a pun :
renjaku 連雀 Japanese waxwing, Bombycilla japonica
. WKD : kigo for late autumn .

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江戸行商百姿 - 花咲 一男

. gyooshoonin 行商人 Gyoshonin - street vendors .

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Introducing some sweet stores in Renjaku loved by Ikenami Shotaro
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池波正太郎と神田・連雀町を歩く
神田・連雀町は空襲を受けたのにもかかわらず都心の中で数少ない焼け残った地域です(関東大震災では焼けています)。町名の由来は行商人が背負う荷籠の連尺に因んでいると言われています。
尺が雀に変わって「連雀町」になったそうです。



残念ながら昭和の初めにはこの名前は消えてしまいました。この地域は天正年間（1573）にはすでに町屋が開けており、明暦３年(1657)の振袖火事の後、ここの住民は新田開発の為、現在の三鷹駅の南側に移されています。そのため三鷹の地区名が上連雀、下連雀となっているわけです。また現在の交通博物館の所は中央線の旧万世橋駅です。明治４５年に完成していますが万世橋駅を通るはずだった総武線が秋葉原駅から直接お茶の水駅に繋がった為、昭和１１年には駅は廃止されています。そのため東京駅にあった交通博物館が旧万世橋駅に移ってきました。昭和初期までは新橋、新宿、上野に負けない大きな繁華街だったそうです.
（「地図から消えた東京の町」から）
- source : tokyo-kurenaidan.com/ikenami-renjyaku

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Renjakumachi れんじゃく町 (Renjaku District)
Kanda Gosairei 神田御祭礼 (The Kanda Festival)
Torii Kiyonaga (鳥居清長)

Girl dressed as the legendary gold merchant Kaneuri Kichiji, seated on a horse piled with cushions, and surrounded by 'attendants', part of the Kanda Festival procession.
- source : britishmuseum.org -

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Kaneuri Kichiji 金売吉次 / 金売り吉次 / 吉次信高 / 橘次末春
Kichiji Nobutaka, Kitsuji Sueharu, Kane-uri Kichiji
a gold merchant of the Heian period, involved in trade with Ôshû, Hiraizumi in Tohoku 奥州の金商人吉次.
He is mentioned in the old records about the Heike, and Yoshitsune.
『平治物語』『平家物語』『義経記』『源平盛衰記』


source : mt-zao-onsen-resort

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When Shanaō (Ushiwakamaru, later Yoshitsune) was sixteen years old, a merchant named Kitsuji Sueharu (also known as Kaneuri Kichiji or Kichiji Nobutaka) visited Kurama based on rumors of the talented youth. He had no idea what the child in question looked like, but he happened to spot Shanaō while walking the mountain path. He was surprised by the outstanding figure - almost doubted his eyes at the splendor - but Kitsuji knew he found the famous child of Yoshitomo.
When he returned to Oshu, he told Fujiwara no Hidehira of his experience. Hidehira, who was ecstatic to hear that the rumors of Yoshitomo's offspring were true, ordered for the boy to be fetched to Oshu at once. He wished to have the child nearby should the battle against the Heike one day rise again. After being informed about the history behind the rumors, Hidehira was willing to accept the boy as though he were own son, wishing to protect Yoshitomo's lost legacy.
- source : wiki/Yoshitsune_Minamoto -

. Minamoto no Yoshitsune 源の義経 (1159 - 1189) .
- Introduction -
Shanaoo, Shanaō 遮那王　Shanao (his boyhood name at Kurama)
牛若丸　Ushiwakamaru // Hoogan 判官 Hogan (his court title)


Oshu Hidehira Uhatsu no Hanamuko: Kurayama no dan -
奥州秀衡有うはつ壻（おうしゅうひでひらうはつのはなむこ）;
Awaji Puppet Theater
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One day, a Heike warrior Nanba Jûrô came to the foot of Kuramayama mountain in Kyoto. He stopped at a teahouse, which served dengaku (skewered tofu glazed with miso). He came here because he heard that Ushiwakamaru of Genji clan had hidden himself in the mountain. Suddenly, a shout of victory came from the rear mountain. Nanba Jûrô confirmed that Ushiwaka had collected his allies as he suspected and went back to let Heike party know the fact.

Ushiwaka appeared from the rear mountain and easily defeated 5 monk-soldiers of the Kuramayama temple. Viewing this fight, the teahouse manager laughed at defeated poor monks. The monks got angry with the manager and tried to beat him, but they were defeated again this time by the teahouse manager and chased away.

When Ushiwaka tried to fight with the manager, the manager suddenly kneed in front of him and said ‘You are truly the lord Minamoto no Ushiwaka’. In fact, the manager named Kaneuri Kichiji was a servant of the lord Hidehira in Ôshû. He showed Ushiwaka a letter from his lord, which tells that Hidehira wanted to invite Ushiwaka to Ôshû to prepare for a war against Heike. Ushiwaka accepted the proposal and left for Ôshû, disguising himself as a mean road-horse man. Ushiwakamaru was 16 at that time.

In the meantime, Nanba Jûrô came back bringing Heike soldiers with him. Kichiji wore a mask of Tengu (a long-nosed mountain goblin) and tried to threaten and chase them away. But he was discovered as human and he fought with them. Finally, Kichiji destroyed all Heike warriors and hurried for Ôshû, following Ushiwaka.
- source : awajiningyoza.com -

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Yumeyakata - historical tale of the Oshu-Fujiwara clan
Scene 18: Yoshitsune entering Hiraizumi



Hidehira, the third generation Oshu-Fujiwara, was appointed governor of the area in 1170 and governor of Mutsu in 1181. Hidehira became the most powerful man in Mutsu and was known as the ‘King’ of northern Japan. At the same time, Yoshitsune Minamoto came to Hiraizumi, counting on Hidehira’s help.
Yoshitsune was accompanied by a gold trader named Kaneuri Kichiji.
Yoshitsune was the son of Yoshitomo Minamoto who was defeated by Kiyomori Taira in Heiji Rebellion. The scene depicts Hidehira welcoming Yoshitsune in front of the mansion Kyara-no-gosho.
- source : yumeyakata-historical-tale-of-oshu -

After arranging the meeting of Hidehira and Yoshitsune, Kichiji went back to Kyoto, with many presents and a lot of of gold dust.
At least that is what the legends tell us. There are doubts whether he was a real person or just an addition to the Yoshitsune legends.
Still there are places which claim to have the grave of Kichiji (or his brother) in various parts on the way from Kyoto to Hiraizumi　平泉.　Some legends say he was murdered, others say he fell ill and died on the way.

. 牛若丸 Ushiwakamaru - Yoshitsune 義経 .


source : echatxfiles.blog
The mysterious Kaneuri Kichiji

- reference : kaneuri kichiji -

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Mitaka Kami-Renjaku 三鷹上連雀村 Renjaku village district in Mitaka
三鷹市 Mitaka city, 三鷹上連雀一丁目から上連雀九丁目 from the first to the ninth sub-district



The new farming area was called 連雀前新田 Renjaku-mae Shinden New Fields in 1957, after 明暦の大火 the Great Fire of Meireki.
Mitaka used to be the hawking area of the Tokugawa Shoguns.

Mitaka city 三鷹市 "three hawks"
is located on the Kantō Plain, just outside the 23 special wards of Tokyo Metropolis, which are on its eastern borders.
The Tamagawa Josui Canal, which runs alongside Mitaka station, has an important place in history, built in 1653 to feed the local metropolis. It is also the place where novelist Osamu Dazai committed suicide in 1948. The National Astronomical Observatory of Japan is located in Mitaka.
- History
The area of present-day Mitaka was part of ancient Musashi Province. In the post-Meiji Restoration catastral reform of July 22, 1878, the area became part of Kitatama District in Kanagawa Prefecture.
The village of Mitaka was created on April 1, 1889 with the establishment of municipalities law. Kitatama District was transferred to the administrative control of Tokyo Metropolis on April 1, 1893. Mitaka was raised to town status in 1940.
Mitaka City was officially founded on November 3, 1950. A motion to merge with neighboring Musashino City failed in 1955 by only a single vote in the Mitaka city assembly.
- wikipedia -


牟礼 Mure, 井の頭 Inokashira, 新川 Shinkawa, 深大寺 Jindaiji, 井口 Iguchi, 北野 Kitano, 野崎 Nozaki,
大沢 Ozawa, 中原 Nakahara
Many jutaku danchi 住宅団地 housing districts. Mitaka is primarily a bedroom community for Tokyo.

. Inokashira　井の頭 "Head of the Well" .

. Jindaiji 深大寺 Jindai-Ji, Daruma Temple .

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Aoi-no-yashiro, Torakashiwa-no-yashiro 青渭社 虎柏社

Aoi-no-yashiro is a shrine located in Jindai-ji Temple, Chōfu City
and has attracted worshippers as the head tutelary shrine of Jindai-ji Temple since old times.
It was also called 青波天神社 Seiha Tenjin (blue wave god) Shrine
because spring water in a large pond within the shrine grounds looked like blue waves.
Torakashiwa Shrine located in 調布市佐須町 Sazumachi, Chōfu City
was built during the reign of 崇峻天皇 Emperor Sushun (589).
It is said that the shrine was built as the village tutelary god of the Chinese and Koreans
who settled in 狛江郷 Komae-gō (the area covering present Komae City and 調布 Chofu City).
-source : Tokyo Metropolitan Library -

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Senryū-ji Temple 泉龍寺

It is said that Senryū-ji Temple began when 良弁 Rōben, the priest who opened 東大寺 Tōdai-ji Temple in Nara,
built a temple in this area when he offered prayers for rain in 765.
Although the temple deteriorated during the Warring States period,
it was reconstructed in the Edo period by 石谷清定 Ishigaya Kiyosada
who took an office of estate steward in charge of 入間村 Irima village (Chōfu City) and
和泉村 Izumi village (Komae City) under Tokugawa Ieyasu.
- source : Tokyo Metropolitan Library -

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Izumi-mura Reisen 和泉村霊泉 Izumi Village

It is said that spring gushed out when the priest Rōben offered prayers for rain.
The spring is the sacred spring that still remains in the temple grounds
and gave the place its name of Izumi (which means "spring").
- source : Tokyo Metropolitan Library -

- further reference : mitaka tokyo -

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Shinkawa 新川 Shinkawa sub-district "new river"
新川一丁目 - 新川二丁目 first and second sub-district
in the former Kyobashi area 京橋地域.
The area used to be called 平川 Hirakawa (the former river 元の神田川 Kandagawa), it was an island in the estuary of 八丁堀川 Hatchoborigawa called 江戸中島 Edo Nakashima (Nakajima). During the rebuilding of Edo by Tokugawa Ieyasu, the rivers were relocated and the Shinkawa area developed at the Reiganjima area.

. Reiganjima 霊巌島 / 霊岸島 Island Reiganjima .
中央区新川 / Shinkawa, Chūō ward
Saint Reigan developed this land between the rivers Kameshimagawa and Sumidagawa and built the temple Reigan-Ji.

. Hirakawachoo　平川町 Hirakawa-Cho, Hirakawa district .

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. Kawase Hasui 川瀬巴水 (1883 - 1957) .
woodblock prints


Yoru no Shinkawa 夜乃新川 / 夜の新川 Shinkawa at Night (1919)
from the series Twelve Scenes of Tokyo

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. Kanda 神田 Kanda district　千代田区 Chiyoda ward .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. - Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. densetsu 伝説　Japanese Legends - Introduction .

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Tsukuda Shima Island

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
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Tsukudajima 佃島 / 佃嶌 The Island Tsukuda　 　
Chuo Ward, Tokyo　中央区東京

佃 refers to a cultivated rice field, but the area is better known for its special food preparation

. tsukudani つくだに (佃煮) simmering in sweetened soy sauce .
It has been used since olden times as a kind of food preserve. It started with the fishermen from Tsukuda island, who prepared the leftovers of fish in this way. They came originally from Settsu in the Osaka area and Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu settled them at Tsukuda island.
The village head of Tsukuda village　佃村 in Settsu was 森孫右衛門　Mori Magoemon, who came with 32 of his fellow fishermen to Edo. The fishermen had helped Ieyasu make escape from the Osaka region after Oda Nobunaga killed himself in the Honnō-Jji incident.
Tsukudani 佃煮 soon became a speciality of Edo and Tokyo.


Buyoo Tsukudajima 武陽佃嶌 Tsukuda Island in Musashi Province
葛飾北斎 Katsushika Hokusai



- More details are here :
- source : adachi-hanga.com/ukiyo-e -

Tsukuda-jima in Edo, in Musashi Province (Buyô Tsukuda-jima),
from the series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (Fugaku sanjûrokkei)

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- quote
Tsukuda-Shima
The boat slides smoothly up onto the sand beach of a small but bustling island. Tsukuda island is a low, sandy islet at the mouth of the Sumida river, which runs through the heart of Edo. Apart from a few patches of trees and small vegetable gardens, the entire island is occupied by a thriving village of fishermen and boat pilots, who make their living from the commerce of Edo Bay.

This island is located in an ideal spot for people who make their living from the sea. It is located right at the mouth of the Sumida river -- the largest waterway in Edo. From here, small boats can easily make their way up the river and through the network of canals to most of the neighborhoods in downtown Edo. To the south, deep water channels extend out into Edo bay. The docks of Shiba and Tsukiji are nearby, so large boats can anchor near the island as they wait to be unloaded.

The volume of goods brought into Edo is so large that no single port could possibly handle it. Although the most important cargoes are unloaded at the docks of Shiba, Tsukiji, Minato and Shinagawa, a lot of ships unload their cargoes directly onto small barges and takase-bune as they lie at anchor here, in the lee of Tsukuda island. The smaller boats then carry the goods through Edo's network of canals and waterways to small, riverside wharves, known as kashi.

Because of its location, Tsukuda island is a convenient spot for barges and small boats to stop while waiting for the large ships to start unloading. The beaches are almost always crowded with small boats, and the few chaya (teahouses) on the island are filled with customers chatting, gossipping and sipping their tea as they wait.

In addition to these visitors, the island is home to a thriving village of fishermen. The residents of Tsukuda island came to Edo in the mid-1600s at the request of Shogun Ieyasu. Edo needed to increase the supply of fish to the city, because its population was growing too fast for the existing fishermen to keep up with demand. To convince people to leave their homes in western Japan and move to Edo, the Shogun offered them the special right to fish anywhere in Edo Bay that they want. Entire villages of fishermen accepted the offer, and moved to Edo, establishing large villages in the "Edo-mae" area, including one on Tsukuda island and one on the other side of the Sumida river, in Fukagawa.

Although these fishermen are not allowed to sell their products to the Shogun and his court, they do supply a large share of the fish bought by average citizens. Edo Bay is a rich source of all kinds of seafood, and the fishermen of Tsukuda island have developed many different methods of catching each type. Solitary fish, such as tai (red snapper) are usually caught with a regular fishing line. Other fish can be caught the same way, but it is usually more effective to use nets.


shirauo ami 白魚網 large net for whitebait (Salanx microdon)
This catch was done from November till March.

The fishermen have developed a wide variety of different nets to catch different types of fish. Triangular nets on the end of long forked poles are used to catch fish that live in the mud at the bottom o the bay, such as hirame (flatfish) or tako (octopus). Small fish that swim in schools, for example iwashi (sardines), can be caught by just one person using a throwing net. But in order to catch larger fish, like saba (mackerel) and katsuo (bonito), the fishermen have to use huge nets, and work together in a group. Sometimes they use nets that are so big, they have to work in large groups, to haul the nets back in to shore.

Most of the fish can be caught right here in Edo Bay, but some of the largest types, such as maguro (tuna), can only be caught out in the open sea. Once in a while, fishing fleets will leave the bay for several days at a time to chase the huge schools of tuna. They may even attempt to catch a whale. When they are successful, these ocean expeditions can be very profitable. A big load of tuna or whale meat will bring a great price in the fishmarkets of Nihonbashi. However, fishing boats are not as well built as cargo ships; storms can blow up at any time out in the open ocean, so long trips to sea can be very risky. Even here in the Bay, life for most fishermen is difficult and dangerous.

Although fishing is the traditional work of the people from Tsukuda island, many of them have now taken new professions. Because of all the ships that anchor in this area to unload their cargoes, there is always demand for experienced boat pilots, who can transport goods from the large, seagoing vessels to the canal-side markets in different parts of the city. Other people work in the city, transporting people from place to place by boat -- as a sort of a "water taxi driver".
- source : Edomatsu



佃沖 晴天の不二 Off Tsukuda - Mount Fuji in clear weather
歌川国芳 Utagawa Kuniyoshi (1797 - 1861)

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Tsukuda-jima Sumiyoshi no matsuri - Sumiyoshi Festival, Tsukuda Island
Utagawa Hiroshige

月影やここ住よしの佃島
tsukikage ya koko Sumiyoshi no Tsukudajima

this moonlight -
here at Sumiyoshi Shrine
at Tsukuda Island
Tr. Gabi Greve

. Takarai Kikaku 宝井其角 (1661 – 1707) / 榎本其角 Enomoto Kikaku .


Tsukuda, Sumiyoshi Shrine　住吉神社


Kawase Hasui 川瀬 巴水 (1883-1957)
- Honolulu Museum of Art -

- quote -
Tsukudajima
is on the opposite side of Nishinaka Dori from the Tsukishima Subway Station. Fishermen in Tsukuda Village, Settsu (the current name is Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka City) moved to Tsukudajima under orders from Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1644, and developed the area they had been moved to. As nothing remains the same for long in Tokyo, it has been developed rapidly over recent years but older houses that escaped both the 1923 quake and the infamous air raid remain standing, sandwiched in between enormous skyscrapers.
Shumiyoshi Shrine
is related to the Sumiyoshi Shrine in Osaka. When fishermen from Tsukuda Village in Osaka moved here, they divided the enshrined spirit and established this branch with the part transported to the Kanto region.
Local residents, fishermen and those who work on water often visit the shrine to pray for their safety when at sea.
- source : att-japan.net/en/city -


- reference : tsukuda sumiyoshi shrine -


. Sumiyoshi Jinja 住吉神社 Sumiyoshi Shrines of Japan .
Sumiyoshi Grand Shrine 住吉大社 Sumiyoshi Taisha in Osaka

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名月や佃を越せば寒うなる
山店 芭蕉庵小文庫

銀河立つ佃に晦き舟だまり
古舘曹人

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. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. densetsu 伝説　Japanese Legends - Introduction .


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Yushima district

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
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Yushima 湯島 Yushima district 　 　
文京区 Bunkyo ward, 湯島 Yushima 1 - 3, 本郷 Hongo 2.
The Northern slope along the 神田川 Kandagawa river was called 湯島台　Yushimadai,
the Southern slope was 駿河台 Surugadai.



湯島天神社 / Hirohsige 広重

- quote -
Chiyoda-ku, Sotokanda / Bunkyo-ku, Yushima
After the founding of Edo, this area became a residential area for lower rank vassals of the Shogun, and before long the Yushima-Tenjin Shrine monzencho (a town built originally in front of a temple or shrine) developed.
Yushima-Tenjin Shrine was revered as a god of learning by people of every social station, and lotteries were held within the shrine grounds. From the Genroku Era (1688-1704), the shrine dedicated to Confucius was moved from Ueno-Shinobugaoka, and the Shohei-zaka School was established within the grounds, and became a Shogunate government authorized educational facility.
A Shogunate government riding ground (Sakuranobaba) was established to the west of the shrine, and was used as a forge for cannons at the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate government. During the Edo Period, the area surrounding Kanda Myojin Shrine was made part of Yushima.

- - - - - More ukiyo-e about Yushima
広重 / 湯しま天神坂上眺望 / 湯しま天神雪のあくる日 / 湯しま天満宮 / 湯しま天神
- reference source : national diet library : yushima -

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. Yushima Kannon 湯島観音 柳井堂 Yanagii-Do 心城院 Shinjo-In .

. Yushima Tenjin 湯島天神 / 天満宮 Yushima Tenmangu .
Tenman-Gu in Dazaifu 大宰府の天満宮 and 菅原道真 Sugawara Michizane

quote
Yushima Tenmangu is a Shinto shrine commonly called Yushima Tenjin. This shrine was originally established in 458 A.D. in order to worship Ame no Tajikarao no Mikoto, one of deities appears in the Japanese myths. Later, in February 1355, the spirit of Sugawara Michizane, a historical figure, was also enshrined to venerate his extraordinary virtue as a scholar.

In October 1478, Oota Dokan (1432-86), a war lord in Kanto region, made the shrine building anew. Since then, many scholars and men of letters including Hayashi Doshun and Arai Hakuseki Confucian scholars in Edo period, have worshiped this shrine.
Nowadays many students visit this shrine to express their reverence to the enshrined spirit as Kami of Learning. Especially in the season of school entrance examinations, young students visit to pray for the success of passing examinations, presenting votive tablets called Ema.


ema 絵馬 votive tablet

The shrine is also famous for beautiful blossoms of Ume (Japanese apricot) in the precinct.
In February and March, "Ume Matsuri"(Ume festival) is held, and it attracts many visitors who enjoy the Ume blossoms.
- source : yushimatenjin.or.jp


. Ame no Tajikarao no Kami 天手力男神 / 天手力雄神 .


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- quote -
Yushima Temple Picture (Seidō no Ezu)

The picture shows Yushima Temple, which still exists in Yushima, Bunkyō Ward, Tokyo, looked upon its completion.
It was in 1690 (Genroku 3) that Tsunayoshi, the fifth Shogun of the Tokugawa Shogunate who was interested in learning, moved the Confucius Temple Kōshi-byō to Yushima.
Aiming to advance Confucianism, Tsunayoshi, the fifth Shogun of the Tokugawa Shogunate, established a temple in Yushima and moved the Confucius temple and private school that had been located at the Hayashi's private residence in Ueno Shinobugaoka. This was the beginning of Yushima Temple. In 1797 (Kansei 9), Hayashi's private school was then founded as a school under the direct control of the Tokugawa Shogunate, "shōheizaka school" (also known as Shōheikō).
The school accepted not only Shogun retainers but also children from around the country who passed an entrance examination called "sodoku ginmi". From all over the country, young people who carried their clan's future with them gathered in Yushima.
Unfortunately, the "Kōshi-byō (Confucius temple)" illustrated in the picture was burnt down during the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923 (Taishō 12). Today's temple was re-established in the 1930's (Shōwa).
- source : Tokyo Metropolitan Library -

- quote -
Seidō 聖堂（せいどう） Seido

This picture gives a full view of the Yushima Seidō with Kanda River in the foreground.
The private boarding-school of 林羅山 Hayashi Razan in 上野忍岡 Ueno-Shinobugaoka
was moved here in 1690 and named the Seidō.
It was set up as a school under the direct control of the Bakufu government in the Kansei era.
The 昌平坂学問所 Shōhei-zaka Gakumonjo, where students read kanbun (reading Chinese texts in Japanese)
for the purposes of proofreading, was located in the area where
"此辺学問所 (location of school)" is written."
A description in the picture reads
"The first school of its kind in Japan and a most glorious place of Tokyo."
- source : Tokyo Metropolitan Library -

- quote -
Yushima Tenmangū Shrine 湯しま天満宮

Yushima-Tenjin is the shrine that enshrines Sugawara Michizane
known as deity of scholarship.
Along with Kannō-ji Temple in Yanaka and Meguro Fudō, it was popular with the populace as one of the
'Edo-Santomi', three shrines that sold official shogunate tomikuji tickets (lottery in the Edo period).
- source : Tokyo Metropolitan Library -

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Yushima Seidō 湯島聖堂 Yushima Seido, literally "Hall of the Sage in Yushima"
located in the Yushima neighbourhood of Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan, was established as a Confucian temple in the Genroku era of the Edo period (end of the 17th century).
The Yushima Seidō has its origins in a private Confucian temple, the Sensei-den (先聖殿), constructed in 1630 by the neo-Confucian scholar Hayashi Razan (1583–1657) in his grounds at Shinobi-ga-oka (now in Ueno Park). The fifth Tokugawa shogun, Tsunayoshi, moved the building to its present site in 1690, where it became the Taiseiden (大成殿) of Yushima Seidō. The Hayashi school of Confucianism moved at the same time.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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source : ndl.go.jp/landmarks
本郷湯島絵図 Map of Hongo and Yushima

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- quote
Yushima - Education at Edo's First University
The Kanda River is a man-made waterway that splits the high land around Kanda in half. The steep-walled valley that carries this river (actually a canal) through Edo was dug in 1638, as part of the Kanda Josui (Kanda water supply) project that Tokugawa Iemitsu organised to supply water to the city. Before that, the whole area was one large plateau. Today, however, the river cuts through a deep valley in the neighborhood known as Ochanomizu, separating two hilly districts.
To the south is Surugadai, a residential area filled with the homes of lower-ranking samurai.
To the north is Yushima, which is the site of Edo's largest schools, and its only "university" -- the Shoheizaka gakumonsho.


お茶之水 / 御茶ノ水 Ochanomizu - 広重 Hiroshige

The Yushima area has been a center of culture and learning since Edo was built. In addition to all the schools in the area, which were constructed more recently, this district is also home to several influential shrines that were built even before Tokugawa Ieyasu moved to Edo in 1592. One of them -- Yushima Jinja -- has long been associated with knowledge and learning. Yushima Jinja sits on the top of Yushima hill, which is one of the highest points in the city. This shrine has been one of the prominent buildings in the area since the late Muromachi era.

From the top of the hill, there is a fine view out over the housetops of Kanda and Nihonbashi, and the blue waters of Edo Bay sparkle in the distance. As the city of Edo grew, many popular teahouses and restaurants grew up around the shrine. Customers liked to gather for long conversations at the teahouses, to enjoy the fine view of the city. In time, these teahouses became popular meeting places for teachers, students, academics and artists. They would hold meetings where they would eat, study, discuss important issues, play shogi (Japanese chess) and enjoy the wonderful view.

However, our destination today is not Yushima, which is several minutes walk from the Kanda River, but a smaller hill much closer to the river, known as Shoheizaka. This hill is named after the area where Confucius was born, and it gets its name because it is the main center of Confucian learning and education in Edo. The hill is covered by a cluster of large buildings that house Edo's main gakumonsho (school district). At the center of the district is the official government daigaku (university) established by the first shogun and run by the Hayashi family, who are the hereditary leaders of this university.

Shortly after Tokugawa Ieyasu became shogun, in 1603, he convinced a well-known Confucian scholar from Kyoto, named Hayashi Rinzan (Hayashi Razan), to move to Edo and become one of his main advisors. He needed a very intelligent individual who knew a great deal about government and social structure, and Rinzan was just the man. He helped Ieyasu design the structure for his bakufu government, and develop a set of laws to govern the country. Rinzan built his home in the area near Yushima shrine, and when he was not advising the shogun he gave lectures and tutored the children of leading daimyo and other top government officials.

Many years passed and Rinzan was no longer as busy helping the shogun plan government policy. However, demand for his tutoring continued to increase, so at last he decided to ask the shogun if he could set up his own private school, so he could offer more formal classes. When Ieyasu heard of this plan, he immediately commissioned Rinzan to set up an official government university, to serve all of the samurai families in Edo. He made Hayashi Rinzan the daigaku-no-kashira (head of the university) and decreed that Rinzan's descendants would always inherit this position.



Education is considered very important in Japan. Even farmers in rural areas send their children to the local Buddhist temples to study, or have tutors visit. In the urban areas, well over 90% of the population can read and write. The Buddhist temples across the country play an important role in education. Most Buddhist scriptures are written in Chinese, so in order to understand them, Buddhist monks and priests must study both Japanese and Chinese for many years. Buddhist scholars often travel to China to study, and they bring back many Chinese documents -- not only religious texts, but also books on literature, history, philosophy and so on. For this reason, most Buddhist temples have become centers of knowledge and education. In fact, Hayashi Rinzan was a Buddhist monk before he came to Edo to become Tokugawa Ieyasu's advisor

Ieyasu ordered Hayashi Rinzan to establish a large school that would be open to all children of the samurai class. The working-class people continued to get their education from monks and lay-teachers at the local temples, but Rinzan's new school was to be the main center of learning for the upper classes. Rinzan built the first gakumonsho near his home. It consisted of separate classes for different studies, such as writing, literature, poetry, history, government, and so on. The school was a big success, and it continued to grow steadily.

After Rinzan died, the school was taken over by his son, Hayashi Gaho, who developed a set of courses in different subjects, and who continued to build the reputation of the school. He was succeeded by his son, Hayashi Hoko, who many consider the most influential of all the daigaku-no-kashira. The fifth shogun , Tsunayoshi, was a private student of Hoko, and his early years as a student had a great impression on him. Tsunayoshi was not very athletic, but he loved reading and education. After he became shogun , he tried to repay his old teacher by paying to expand the school that Hayashi Rinzan had founded. In 1691, the shogun set aside a large area of land in Yushima to build larger and more suitable buildings where students could come to study. The area was named Shoheizaka (Shohei hill ) after the place where Confucius was born.

Tsunayoshi believed that education should be available to all people of Edo, so he decreed that the school should be open not only to samurai, but also to lower-class people such as merchants, artisans and farmers, as long as they could afford to pay the school fees. In practice, though, only a few rich merchants were able to send their children to this school. Still, the public lectures held each morning are often attended by commoners, and Yoshitsuna and later shoguns contributed funds to help expand the temple schools (tera-koya ), where the majority of lower-class people get their education.

Today, the gakumonsho is run by the great-grandson of Hayashi Rinzan. Although it has lost some of its influence, and it is no longer quite as open to students from the lower classes, it remains the most important school in Edo -- and probably in all of Japan. There are no grades in the gakumonsho; young and old students attend classes together, though in most of the classes they are separated according to ability. New students start out in courses that teach reading and writing. Younger instructors work with the students one-on-one, teaching them to read and write. At first, the students simply recite the pronunciation of characters and practice writing them. Depending on how quickly the student learns, this phase of study can take anywhere from a few months to two years. There are thousands of characters to learn, and the student must study very hard to learn them all.

After they have developed acceptable reading and writing skills, the students enter classes in reading, literature and mathematics. These classes usually have a few dozen students, and they take turns reading out loud from translations of some of the Chinese Classics, or from famous works of Japanese literature. This not only gives students a basic knowledge of the most important books, but it also helps them improve their reading and comprehension.

The higher-level classes are broken down by subject; for example, students may study history, government, poetry, literature or some other topic. In these classes, the teacher's role is mainly just a moderator. Students debate and discuss with one another the meaning and interpretation of various classic books. A passage will be selected and one student will give a speech explaining their intrepretation. Their classmates will listen, then debate the various interpretations with one another. The teacher may offer suggestions to get the discussion going, but will usually just listen as the students debate. Later, the teacher will give a lecture (often at one of the morning public lectures) and provide their own interpretation of the passage. This method helps the students improve their understanding as well as their debate and discussion skills.

The instruction at tera-koya (temple schools) is similar to that at the gakumonsho, but very few students pass beyond the first two stages, which teach reading, writing, literature and mathematics. Math skills are particularly important for merchant families, and nearly everyone learns how to use a soroban (abacus) in their first year at school. Although boys and girls are kept in separate classes at the tera-koya schools, girls receive nearly the same type of instruction as the boys. At some schools, girls make up nearly half of the total number of students.
This is much more than in rural areas, where girls tend to go to school for only a few years.
- source : Edomatsu


. Shooheizaka Gakumonjo 昌平坂学問所 Shoheizaka Gakumonjo .
and other gakumonjo 学問所 Academies of Higher Learning in the Edo period

. Hayashi Razan 林羅山 (1583-1657) . - Confucian Scholar

. Ochanomizu 御茶ノ水 / 御茶の水 / お茶之水 / 御茶ノ水 .

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- quote 聖橋　Hijiribashi -

A bridge connecting sanctuaries
Hijiri-bashi Bridge is a modern arch bridge on the Kanda River. The grand arch is a Tokyo landmark and is the model for the Otonashi-bashi Bridge in Takinogawa, Kita City.
The bridge may not be sacred, but it has got saintly connections as it connects two sanctuaries. In the north is The Mausoleum of Confucious at Yushima, a former training center for bureaucrats of the Tokugawa shogunate; and on the south is the Byzantine-style Holy Resurrection Cathedral — a designated Important Cultural Property of Japan.
- source : gotokyo.org/en ..

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .


. Enmanji 湯島円満寺 temple Yushima Enman-Ji .
1 Chome-6-2 Yushima, Bunkyō
kimi 鬼魅 demon monsters / dakatsu (jakatsu) 蛇蝎 snakes and scorpions
On the 8th day of the 9th lunar month in 1820, there was a strong typhoon. A large tree fell down and two people died below it.
During such a strong wind, people think that demons, snakes and scorpions ride in the sky. Sometimes even if there is no wind, when they ride the sky things may fall down.


. neko 猫 / ねこ と伝説 Legends about cats, Katzen .
neko 猫 cat
At a 煎餅屋 Mochi rice cake store in front of Enman-Ji, a large cat came every night and ate many things. So the shop owner caught it, killed it and asked his wife to dispose of the dead body. After his wife came back, she changed in strange ways, scratched the face of her husband, made movements like a cat. The husband called the neighbours to help him catch and bind the woman. There she begun to cry ニャアニャアワウワウ nyanyaaaa like a cat. She put her head into the bowl of food and liked fish best - just like a cat!

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. Rinshōin 湯島麟祥院 Temple Yushima Rinsho-In .
4 Chome-1-8 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo
麟祥 rinsho is an auspicious name according to Chinese Buddhism.
a Zen-temple near Yushima Tenmangu.

suzume ikusa 雀戦 fight of the sparrows
In 1832 onf the 6th to 10th day of the 8th lunar month, in the nearby forest of the forest, there lived more than 4000 sparrows.
They started to get in a fierce fight and even eat each other.

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猿飴の湯島の宮の七五三
saruame no Yushima no Miya no shichi go san

the Shichi-Go-San festival
at Yushima Shrine
with Monkey Sweets
Tr. Gabi Greve

. Mizuhara Shūōshi 水原秋櫻子 Mizuhara Suoshi (1892-1981) .

. shichi go san 七五三 "seven five three" ritual .
- - kigo for early winter - -

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. Kanda 神田 Kanda district　 .

. Bunkyō 文京区 Bunkyo ward, "Literature Capital" .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .


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