Edo - the EDOPEDIA -

9/06/2019

Mitsu Kaido Highway

Now National Route Nr. 19 - 松山港線 Matsuyama Kosen - Matsuyama harbour road / about 10 km long.
三津港 Mitsuminato harbour / 三津浜 Mitsuhama beach
Passing 梅津寺町 Baishinji town and 高浜町 Takahama town.

- quote -
Matsuyama was in medieval times part of the Iyo-Matsuyama Domain, a fiefdom of Iyo Province consisting mainly of a castle town, supporting Matsuyama Castle. There was a nearby village at Dōgo Onsen to the east and a port somewhat farther to the west at Mitsuhama providing a link to the Japanese mainland (Honshū) and Kyūshū.
Mitsuhama (三津浜), formerly also known as Mitsugahama, is the main port of Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
In October, 1888, the Iyotetsu light railway line connecting Mitsuhama with Matsuyama began operation.
Mitsuhama absorbed the village of Furumitsu in 1925 and Shinhama in 1937.
In 1940 Mitsuhama was merged into the city of Matsuyama.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Matsuyama (松山市 Matsuyama-shi)
is the capital city of Ehime Prefecture on the island of Shikoku in Japan and also Shikoku's largest city,
The city is known for its hot springs (onsen), among the oldest in Japan, and is home to the Dōgo Onsen Honkan, a Meiji Period wooden public bathhouse dating from 1894.[A second favorite tourist spot is Matsuyama Castle. Eight of the eighty-eight temples in the Shikoku Pilgrimage are in Matsuyama.
In the 17th century, the lord of Matsuyama castle Sadayuki Matsudaira (松平定行) introduced the process of tart-making, originally brought to Japan by the Portuguese, to Matsuyama. At first it was a Castella with jam. According to legend Sadayuki made some changes, such as adding red bean paste. Now there are many kinds and makers of tarts in Matsuyama; some add yuzu paste or chestnut to the red bean paste.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

Once upon a time
there was a small pond near 北が森 / 北ヶ森 Kitagamori.

There lived a red Donko and a black Donko of about three feet.
One day an エンコ Enko (Kappa) from 三津が浜 Mitsugahama came to catch them and wanted to eat them at home. On his way there was a daija 大蛇 huge serpent on the way and asked the Donko, where it was going.
The Donko replied "I am going to be grilled when we come to his home!"
When the Enko realized his intentions were known, he became full of fear, let the fish free in their pond at Kitagamori and run away in fear.

. Enko エンコ Kappa from Shikoku .
. daija, orochi 大蛇 huge serpent, great snake legends .

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伊予郡 Iyo district 砥部町 Tobe town

At 底なし沼ドンコが池 the Donko Pond without a bottom there lived a huge Donko.
One day he showed his back while relaxing, so a man caught him and carried him over the pass road. There was nobody else but suddenly he heard a voice:
"Hey, Donko, my friend, where are you going?" The Donko replied:"I am going to be grilled when we come to his home!"
The man was quite surprized, let the fish go and run home as fast as he could.

The same story is told at 喜多郡 Kita district 内子町 Uchiko town
In the pond behind the temple lived a Donko.

The same story is told at 大洲市 Ozu city 肱川町 Hijikawa town
Here the Donko lived in the river pool of the demons 魔の淵.

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京都府 Kyoto

Donba ドンバ is another name for the Kappa, it seems.
The name was also used for the dark sleeper fish, who lived deep down in a pond or swamp. He sometimes pulled swimming children down by their legs.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

気車戻る三津街道や朧月
kisha modoru Mitsu Kaido ya oborozuki

the train comes back
on the old Mitsu Kaido -
hazy moon
. Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規 and 松山 Matsuyama .

. oborozuki 朧月 hazy moon .
- - kigo for Spring - -

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9/04/2019

Mikuni Kaido Highway

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
- Shimizu Kaido, see below
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Mikuni Kaido, Mikuni Kaidō 三国街道 / 三國街道 Mikuni Highway
from Echigo, Niigata to Gunma, crossing the Mikuni Sanmyaku 三国山脈 Mikuni Mountain range,
with 三国山 Mount Mikuni, 1,636 m as its highest peak.
Now mostly National Route 17

The road was used by the ambitious warlord
. Uesugi Kenshin Kagetora 上杉謙信(景虎) (1530 - 1578) .
The Dragon of Echigo, on this many war expeditions in the Kanto area.
Another road was the Shimizu Kaido, see below.

- quote
an ancient highway in Japan that stretched from Takasaki-juku (present day Gunma Prefecture) on the Nakasendō
to Teradomari-juku (present day Niigata Prefecture) on the Hokurikudō.
- History
The Mikuni Pass separated the Kantō region from Echigo Province in ancient Japan. As such, it has long been used as a major transportation hub for travelers going between those two areas. During the Edo period, the Mikuni Kaidō was established with the purpose of helping daimyō who were participating in sankin kōtai, which required daimyō to spend a portion of their time in Edo.
In 1902, the Shin'etsu Main Line was built, the first train line through the area. As a result, the economies of many of the post towns began to falter. However, the area between Nagaoka and Yuzawa was able to continue to flourish because the flat land allowed them to pursue agriculture. The area across the Mikuni Pass, however, received very little traffic.
In 1953, as cars became more common, so did long-distance transport, which led to a great rise in traffic in the area. However, for cars traveling between the Kantō and Echigo regions, it was very inconvenient to take the same detour as the train line, so the prefecture began major repair and construction work along the Mikuni Kaidō.
- source : wikipedia

- - - - - There are 35 post stations along the Mikuni Kaidō.
Gunma Prefecture
1. Takasaki-shuku (高崎宿) (Takasaki) (starting location)
- - . Takasaki Daruma 高崎達磨 .
2. Kaneko-shuku (金古宿) (Takasaki)

3. Shibukawa-shuku (渋川宿) (Shibukawa)
- branching off to the
. Sado Bugyo Kaido 佐渡奉行街道 Road for the Governor of Sado Island .
4. Kanai-shuku (金井宿) (Shibukawa)
5. Kitamoku-shuku (北牧宿) (Shibukawa)
6. Yokobori-shuku (横堀宿) (Shibukawa)
7. Nakayama-shuku (中山宿) (Takayama, Agatsuma District)
8. Tsukahara-shuku (塚原宿) (Minakami, Tone District)
9. Shimoshinda-shuku (下新田宿) (Minakami, Tone District)
10. Fuse-shuku (布施宿) (Minakami, Tone District)
11. Ima-shuku (今宿) (Minakami, Tone District)
12. Sukawa-shuku (須川宿) (Minakami, Tone District)
13. Aimata-shuku (相俣宿) (Minakami, Tone District)
14. Sarugakyō-shuku (猿ヶ京宿) (Minakami, Tone District)
15. Fukuro-shuku (吹路宿) (Minakami, Tone District)
16. Nagai-shuku (永井宿) (Minakami, Tone District)

Niigata Prefecture
17. Asagai-shuku (浅貝宿) (Yuzawa, Minamiuonuma District)
18. Futai-shuku (二居宿) (Yuzawa, Minamiuonuma District)
19. Mitsumata-shuku (三俣宿) (Yuzawa, Minamiuonuma District)
20. Yuzawa-shuku (湯沢宿) (Yuzawa, Minamiuonuma District)
21. Seki-shuku (関宿) (Minamiuonuma)
22. Shiozawa-shuku (塩沢宿) (Minamiuonuma)
23. Muikamachi-shuku (六日町宿) (Minamiuonuma)
24. Itsukamachi-shuku (五日町宿) (Minamiuonuma)
25. Urasa-shuku (浦佐宿) (Minamiuonuma)
26. Horinouchi-shuku (堀之内宿) (Uonuma)
27. Kawaguichi-shuku (川口宿) (Nagaoka)
28. Myōken-shuku (妙見宿) (Nagaoka)
29. Muikaichi-shuku (六日市宿) (Nagaoka)
30. Nagaoka-shuku (長岡宿) (Nagaoka)
31. Yoita-shuku (与板宿) (Nagaoka)
32. Jizōdō-shuku (地蔵堂宿) (Tsubame)
33. Sekinakashima-shuku (関中島宿) (Tsubame)
34. Watabe-shuku (渡部宿) (Tsubame)
35. Teradomari-shuku (寺泊宿) (Nagaoka) (ending location)

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Mikuni sanmyaku 三国山脈 Mikuni Mountain range

Mikuni tooge 三国峠 Mikuni pass

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Mikuni Gongen 三国権現 Shrine 三坂神社 Misaka Jinja

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- quote -
Yuzawa (湯沢町 Yuzawa-machi) is a town located in Niigata Prefecture
- - - - - History
The area of present-day Yuzawa was part of ancient Echigo Province.
The villages of Yuzawa, Futai (二居村 Futai-mura), Asakai (浅貝村 Asakai-mura), Kandatsu (神立村 Kandatsu-mura), Tsuchidaru (土樽村 Tsuchidaru-mura), and Mitsumata (三俣村 Mitsumata-mura) were created on 1 April 1889 as part of the modern municipalities system.
On 1 November 1901, Futai and Asakai merged to become the village of Mikuni (三国村 Mikuni-mura). Yuzawa, Mikuni, Kandatsu, Tsuchidaru, and Mitsumata merged on 1 April 1955 to become the town of Yuzawa. ...
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Uonuma (魚沼市 Uonuma-shi) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture.
- - - - - History
The area of present-day Uonuma was part of ancient Echigo Province, with the name of Uonuma appearing in the 続日本紀 Shoku Nihongi in an entry dated 702 AD.
During the Edo period, the area was largely tenryō territory administered directly by the Tokugawa shogunate or part of the holdings of Aizu Domain. The area was greatly affected by the Tenpō famine of 1835-1837.
After the Meiji restoration, the area was organised as part of Kitauonuma District, Niigata with the creation of the modern municipalities system. The modern city of Uonuma was established on November 1, 2004, from the merger of the towns of Horinouchi and Koide, and the villages of Hirokami, Irihirose, Sumon and Yunotani (all from Kitauonuma District).
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Nagaoka (長岡市 Nagaoka-shi) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture.
Nagaoka is in the center of Niigata prefecture and the surrounding Chūetsu region of Japan
- - - - - History
The area of present-day Nagaoka was part of ancient Echigo Province.
Under the Tokugawa shogunate, a castle town was constructed by Hori Naoyori lord of Nagaoka Domain in 1616. However, as the initial castle was located in an area prone to flooding by the Shinano River, a new castle was built at the site of present-day Nagaoka Station in 1617. Nagaoka flourished as under the reign of the 13 generations of the Makino clan during the Edo period. In the Boshin War of 1868 during the Meiji Restoration, Nagaoka Domain was a member of the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei against the imperial forces, and the city was reduced to rubble during the Battle of Hokuetsu. A gift of one hundred sacks of rice from a neighboring province was sold to finance a new school during the reconstruction of Nagaoka, from which the anecdote of Kome Hyappyo was born. ...
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Shimizu Kaido, Shimizu Kaidō 清水街道 Shimizu Highway
From 群馬県みなかみ町 Minakami town in Gunma to 潟県南魚新沼市 Minami-Uonuma city in Niigata, as the border of 上越国境 Joetsu no Kuni.
(The name 清水 is not read Kiyomizu.)

A war road crossing the Shimizu Toge 清水峠 Shimizu Toge Pass.
Its highest point is 1,448 m, on the 谷川連峰 Tanigawa mountain range.
Crossing this mountain range was also called
Sugugoe, Sugu-goe 「直越」（すぐごえ） "the short crossing"
a direct, but very narrow pass in former times, as opposed to the longer, easier road of Mikuni Kaido.

Shimizu tooge 清水峠 Shimizu pass

- Deity in residence
味耜高彦根命 Ajisugita Takahikone no Mikami

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

桑を解く三国旧道瞽女轍

松川洋酔 Matsukawa Yosui

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9/01/2019

Yonezawa Kotaki Kaido highways

The official road for Sankin Kotai.
Connecting Aizu Wakamatsu with Yonezawa city.

. Aizu Kaidoo 会津街道 Aizu Kaido .
Also called
Yonezawa Kaido 米沢街道 Yonezawa Trade Road
when the traveller started from Yonezawa city.

This highway is also connectet to the
. Ushū Kaidō 羽州街道 Ushu Highway .

- quote -
Yonezawa (米沢市 Yonezawa-shi) is a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. Yonezawa is most famous for its local delicacies (apples, yonezawa beef, and carp) and for being a castle town that was once home to the Uesugi clan, including the daimyō Uesugi Yozan.
The area of present-day Yonezawa was part of ancient Dewa Province and was controlled in the Sengoku period by the Date clan. The famed warlord Date Masamune was born in Yonezawa. During the Edo period, the area became Yonezawa Domain under the Tokugawa shogunate, ruled by the Uesugi clan. After the start of the Meiji period, the area was organized into Minamiokitama District, Yamagata Prefecture. The modern city of Yamagata was established on April 1, 1889. ...
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Kotaki Kaido 小滝街道 Kotaki Highway
A waki kaido side road from the Yonezawa Kaido, Yamagata prefecture.

Connecting 山形 Yamagata city with 米沢 Yonezawa city. (and on to 新潟 Niigata)
Present-day highway Nr. 348 leads via 白鷹町 Shirataka town, 宮内 Miyauchi, 飯豊 Iide to 長井市 Nagai city.
This side-road was mostly used for the transport of goods. One important good was salt transported to
置賜 Okitama and the surrounding villages.
Dried fish and even 漆液 liquid lacquer was also transported along this road.
akinai no michi 商いの道 trade road
yama-ai no shiruku roodo 山あいのシルクロード "silk road in the mountains"

- Goods transported from Yonezawa
aoso あおそ / 青苧 hemp, kuwa 桑 mulberries, urushi 漆 laquer, kinu orimono 絹織物 silk cloth, 葉煙 tobacco leaves ...
- Goods transported from 長谷堂 Hasedo town along the Kotaki Kaido:
shio 塩 salt, shooyu 醤油 soy sauce, kome 米rice, 荏水油 egoma oil, hoshi-sakana 干魚 dried fish, daizu 大豆 soy beans, komugi 小麦 wheat and barley, benibana 紅花 safflowers, roosoku 蝋燭 candles, kinu-ito 絹糸 silk thread as well as cows, bulls and horses.
The wholesale dealers were much interested in keeping the road in a good condition and have good relations with the government officials at the checkpoints.

In Kotaki there was also a kuchidome bansho 口留番所 checkpoint.
This shows that the highway was of great important to the province governors.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

A road between the Yonezawa bonchi 米沢盆地 plane, Okitama bonchi 置賜盆地 plane
and the 村山地方 Murayama area.

The pass 小滝峠 Kotaki Toge (600m) is now crossed via a tunnel.

On the way is the waterfall くぐり滝 Kuguri Taki.

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Hasedo Joseki 長谷堂城跡 remains of Hasedo castle

- quote -
The siege of Hasedō 長谷堂城の戦い
was one of a series of battles fought in the far north of Japan's main island of Honshū (the Tōhoku region) contemporaneous with the famous and decisive campaigns between Tokugawa Ieyasu and Ishida Mitsunari further south. Over the course of the year 1600, Naoe Kanetsugu, a general loyal to Ishida Mitsunari, would lead a campaign in Tōhoku, which included the siege of Hasedō castle, near Yamagata, which was his ultimate goal. Hasedō was held by Shimura Takaharu, and backed by a Tokugawa-loyal army of the Date clan.
Three thousand of Naoe's men
moved towards Yamagata from the north while Naoe began his siege on Hasedō. Having received reinforcements of 100 horsemen and 200 arquebusiers, he laid siege to Hasedō for fourteen days before an army under Rusu Masakage arrived to relieve the castle. Upon the arrival of the Date forces, Naoe stepped up his siege, and the vanguard under Kasuga Mototada actually reached the walls of the castle before they retreated before arquebuse fire. The garrison then sallied forth and attacked the retreating vanguard in the rear, leading to the near-complete retreat of Naoe's forces.
A small besieging force remained, and fighting continued, in which Naoe's general Kamiizumi Yasutsuna was killed. Shortly afterwards, however, news arrived of Tokugawa Ieyasu's victory at Sekigahara, and so Naoe called a full withdrawal of all his forces back to Yonezawa, putting an end to his campaigns in the north.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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This old road was already used in the Heian period by the mendicant priest
. 西行法師 Saigyo Hoshi (1118年 - 1190) .
At his time, the pass on the Kotaki road was called 黒森峠 Kuromori Toge.

深き山に心の月しすみぬれば
鏡に四方の悟りをぞ見る
fukaki yama ni kokoro no tsuki shi suminureba
kagami ni yomo no satori o zo miru

Deep within the mountains
the mind's moon
shines so bright.
It's light mirrors all things
like the enlightened mind.

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- quote -
Yamagata (山形市 Yamagata-shi)
is the capital city of Yamagata Prefecture located in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan.
The area of present-day Yamagata was part of Dewa Province.
During the Edo period, it was the center of Yamagata Domain under the Tokugawa shogunate. The modern city of Yamagata was founded on April 1, 1889 as the capital of Yamagata Prefecture....
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

- quote -
Nanyo (南陽市 Nan'yō-shi)
is a city located in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. As of October 2015,
... The area of present-day Nan'yo was part of ancient Dewa Province.
After the start of the Meiji period, the area became part of Higashiokitama (Higashi-Okitama 東置賜)　 District, Yamagata Prefecture. The modern city of Nan'yo was established on April 1, 1967 by the merger of the former towns of Miyauchi and Akayu with the village of Wagō (和郷村 Wago).
Akayu 赤湯町 is famous for its hot springs, cherries and hang gliding and includes the former village of Nakagawa.
Miyauchi 宮内町 is famous for its chrysanthemum festival and the Kumano-taisha Shrine, and includes the former villages of 漆山　Urushiyama, 吉野　Yoshino, and 金山　Kaneyama.
The village of Wago was created in 1955 by the merger of the villages of Okigō　沖郷 and Ringō　梨郷.
The English travel-writer Isabella Bird visited Akayu in 1878 and wrote about the town in Unbeaten Tracks in Japan. The city is named after Nanyang, China, where according to legend a chrysanthemum spring can make drinkers immortal....
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.................................................................................　Yamagata 山形県

Inari sama 稲荷様 Inari fox deity
Walking along the 小滝街道 Kotaki Kaido toward 富ノ中 Tominoju, there is a place called 「しらすば」Shirasuba.
The road becomes very narrow and
to the left is「しげだ」 Shigeda, the home of the 吉田家 Yoshida family with 地蔵様 a Jizo sama,
to the right is「しらすば」Shirasuba, the home of the 阿部家 Abe family with 稲荷様 an Inari sanctuary.
Jizo and Inari of them often meet secretly at night. If someone observes them during these visits, he will be cursed.

. 地蔵菩薩と狐と伝説 Legends about Jizo Bosatsu and kitsune Foxes .

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南陽市 Nanyo City

buyobuyo shita pinku iro no kaibutsu ブヨブヨしたピンク色の怪物 a pink flabby monster
A villager felt something strange and opened the door, when he saw a pink, flabby monster outside. Something like the arm of a starfish sneaked through the gap in the door and grabbed his neck. He was torn out of the house and died. Similar stories happened until the Meiji period.

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gairaago ガイラーゴ Gairaago
Gairaago looks like a frog, but is very feroucious. When it sees a person, he begins to shout ゲエッ geeee geee and pursues the human, then jumps on it.
Some say it is a toad monster of more than 10 m hight, sometimes coming down from the mountain and crushing the homes of people.
Gairago ガイラゴ
looks like a namekuji ナメクジ slug of about 1 meter long. It crawls around the river pool and when it sees a human it hides in the shade. It does not harm humans, it is very coward.
geerago ゲーラゴ a special frog monster
Another monster, like Gairago, living on trees. If a human passed below it, it falls down, clings to the neck and begins to suck blood.
It is about 20 cm long and shouts キーキー gii gii .
It does not have eyes but catches any sound. Its mouth is very large and has fangs.

. namekuji ナメクジ slug .

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Iwakura sama no rei 岩倉さまの霊 the spirit of Mister Iwakura
In the family of 大津清孝 Otsu Kiyotaka there is a photo of Mister Iwakura.
The daughter-in-law had tried yoosan 養蚕 to grow silk worms and worked very hard on it, but one morning she found something under the boards that looked like the scaled of a serpent.
When she told the neighbours about it, they said because she had been so diligent and serious with the silk worms, Mister Iwakura (the patron of local silk worms) had come.
On the photo there is something flimmering in the background of the room.

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. hebi densetsu 蛇と伝説 Legends about snakes and serpents .
A monk who could not see well had been lost at night on the mountain road and spent the night in a cave. Because he felt lonely he begun to play his biwa 琵琶 lute. In no time a young woman appeared and asked for more music. He played a long sond and then asked who the lady might be. She said she was the local serpent, and also had some children. She said they were very hungry and to get food she would produce a flooding and then they can eat the villagers who have drowned.
When the monk came to the village next morning, they went out and found a dead serpent. She had died after telling her story to the monk and now the villagers built a small sanctuary for her.
- - - - -
In Mokusawa town 杢沢 / 杢の沢 there is an old swamp called 沼の平 Numa no Daira. Once it rained for more than 10 days in the region and the villagers were in danger of flooding.
In this swamp lived a serpent, who might have called for the rain. The villagers consulted with others and then decided to throw a kanabo 金棒 metal stick into the swamp, to make the serpent go away. They went to a kajiya 鍛冶屋 blacksmith, had him make a large metal stick and threw it into the swamp. On this day, the rain stopped!

. Legends about kajiya　鍛冶屋 the blacksmith .

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. kitsune densetsu 狐と伝説 fox legends .
A man on his way home from a memorial serivce for a dead relative was carrying some presents, but was bewitched by a fox.
He went to the deep mountain forest, spread firewood like a bed and slept there. When he woke up he found that he had broken a rib bone.

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. Legends about the Gingko tree 銀杏 / ichoo no ki いちょうの木 - .

source : yamagata-clip.com/chinzoji...

oo icho no ki no sei 大いちょうの木の精 the spirit of the huge Gingko tree
At the Temple 珍蔵寺 Chinzo-Ji lived a priest who liked to drink. Since he needed money to buy Sake he thought of selling the huge Gingko tree in the temple compound.
That night a beautiful woman appeared in his dream and asked him with tears in her eyes not to cut down the tree.
So the priest did not have it cut down. In the dream the lady had told him her name was 「いちょう」 Ichoo, he was sure it must have been the spirit of this wonderful old tree.
-
This temple is famous for the story about tsuru no on-gaeshi 鶴の恩返し
- The Gratitude of the Crane -

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

南陽市小滝街道の昔話 Kotaki Kaido no mukashibanashi
Article by 武田正 Takeda Tadashi
in the magazine 置賜の民俗　Okitama no Minzoku - Folk Lore from Okitama
置賜民俗学会
- reference source : yonezawanet.jp/okitama... -

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8/30/2019

shio no michi salt roads

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
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shio no michi 塩の道 the salt roads of Japan

There are various "Salt Roads" in Japan.

The main "Salt Road" was used for transportation of salt from Nihonkai 日本海 to 松本 Matsumoto in Nagano.
Also known as
Chikuni Kaido (Chikoku Kaido) 千国街道
or
Matsumoto Kaido 松本街道

The road from the Pacific Ocean, starting in Aichi, was called
Sanshuu Kaidoo 三州街道 Sanshu Kaido, Kaido of three provinces

. Akiba Kaido 秋葉街道 Akiba Highway .
"Southern Salt" 南塩 from 相良 Sagara (in Enshu, now Shizuoka) was transported to 諏訪湖 Lake Suwako and Nagano.

The Salt Road Chikuni Kaido is 120 km long and connected the Sea of Japan at Itoigawa 糸魚川 in Niigata (Echigo) with Matsumoto, via Otari, Hakuba and Omachi.
Tobacco, soybeans and hemp linnen was also transported to the coast and salt, seafood and cotton was carried back to Matsumoto. Along this road there are many stone statues of Buddha to pray for road safety.
The warlord Uesugi Kenshin used this road to have salt transported to his arch enemy, Takeda Shingen in the 16th century, when his enemies had cut off the salt supplies to Shingen. Kenshin wrote to his enemy
"I fight with you with bow and arrow, not with rice and salt"!

The passage over Mount Hakuba was especially dangerous in these times.
The Itoigawa region was also famous for its jade products (hisui 翡翠).

Also called
Matsumoto Kaido 松本街道 Matsumoto Highway
or
"Chikuni Kaido" 千国街道(ちくにかいどう)
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

. Kaido 街道と伝説 Legends about the old Kaido highways .

Once a man took a shortcut early in the morning, while it was still dark. when suddenly something black jumped up from his feet. From that moment on he lost his way. He sat down, tried to calm himself and then opened his eyes again. Oh wonder, he was sitting right beside the Matsumoto Highway.
A fox had come to help him, he was sure.
. kitsune densetsu 狐と伝説 fox legends .
Kuda-kitsune, kudagitsune クダ狐 or Kanko 管狐, "pipe fox"

About 160 years ago, a traveler on the Sanshu Kaido heard stories about a クダ Kuda fox which bewitched people and troubled the villagers quite a lot.

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- quote -
Shio no Michi (塩の道 Salt Road)
was an old kaidō, or road, in ancient Japan and was used to transport salt from the ocean to the inland central Honshū. In the Middle Ages, salt was brought both from the Sea of Japan and the Pacific Ocean to Shinano Province for processing. The road leading
from the Sea of Japan to Shinano Province was called the Chikuni Kaidō (千国街道),
whereas the road leading from the Pacific Ocean was called the Sanshū Kaidō (三州街道).
- - - - - Stations of the Chikuni Kaidō
On the Echigo Province side of the route, it was called the 糸魚川街道 Itoigawa Kaidō, but on the Shinano Province side, it was called Chikuni Kaidō. The Sawado-juku and Sano-juku pair and the Ida-juku and Imori-juku pair each essentially functioned as one post station.

Itoigawa Salt Road Festival 糸魚川・塩の道起点まつり

- - Niigata Prefecture
01. Itoigawa-juku (糸魚川宿) (Itoigawa)
02. Yamaguchi-juku (山口宿) (Itoigawa)
- - Nagano Prefecture
03. Ōami-juku (大網宿) (Otari)
04. Kuruma-juku (来馬宿) (Otari)
05. Chikuni-juku (千国宿) (Otari)
06. Shiojima Shinden-juku (塩島新田宿) (Hakuba)
07. Iida-juku (飯田宿) and Iimori-juku (飯森宿) (Hakuba)
08. Sawado-juku (沢度宿) and Sano-juku (佐野宿) (Hakuba)
09. Uminokuchi-juku (海ノ口宿) (Ōmachi)
10. Ōmachi-juku (大町宿) (Ōmachi)
11. Ikeda-juku (池田宿) (Ikeda)
12. Hotaka-juku (保高宿) (Azumino)
13. Nariai Shinden-juku (成相新田宿) (Azumino)
14. Matsumoto-juku (松本宿) (Matsumoto)

- - - - - Stations of the Sanshū Kaidō
The salt was initially carried from Mikawa Bay by boats traveling up the Yahagi River and its tributary, the Tomoe River. From Toyota, it was carried by horse, marking the start of the Sanshū Kaidō.
- - Aichi Prefecture
01. Okazaki-shuku (岡崎宿) (Okazaki) (also part of the Tōkaidō)
02. Kugyūdaira-juku (九久平宿) (Toyota)
03. Asuke-juku (足助宿) (Toyota) (Asuke Kaido 足助街道)
04. Busetsu-juku (武節宿) (Toyota)
- - Nagano Prefecture
05. Neba-juku (根羽宿) (Neba)
06. Hiraya-juku (平谷宿) (Hiraya)
07. Namiai-juku (浪合宿) (Namiai)
08. Komaba-juku (駒場宿) (Achi)
09. Iida-juku (飯田宿) (Iida)
10. Ichida-juku (市田宿) (Takamori)
11. Ōjima-juku (大島宿) (Matsukawa)
12. Katabora-juku (片桐宿) (Matsukawa)
13. Iijima-juku (飯島宿) (Iijima)
14. Akazu Uwabu-juku (赤須上穂宿) (Komagane)
15. Miyada-juku (宮田宿) (Miyada)
16. Inabe-juku (伊那部宿) (Ina)
17. Matsujima-juku (松島宿) (Minowa)
18. Miyagi-juku (宮木宿) (Tatsuno)
19. Ono-juku (小野宿) (Shiojiri)
20. Shiojiri-shuku (塩尻宿) (Shiojiri) (also part of the Nakasendō)
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Shio no michi Chojiya 塩の道ちょうじや Salt Road Museum
長野県大町市八日町 2572番地

The museum is open from May to October from 9:00 - 17:00 and from November to April during 9:00 - 16:00.
- reference -

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宮本常一 Miyamoto Tsuneichi (1907 - 1981)

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Edo - 家康の「塩の道」The Salt Road of Tokugawa Ieyasu

. The Gyotoku Salt Fields 行徳塩田 Gyotoku enden .
- Introduction -
The city of Edo needed salt from Gyotoku, which is the only town in the area suited for salt production. Therefore, in around 1602 Ieyasu ordered his men to begin building canals through the marshlands to connect all of the major river systems in the eastern Kanto region. The network of canals and rivers now extends across a wide area to the north and east of Edo.
One main canal, known as the 小名木川 Onagigawa (Onagi river),

- quote
家康の「塩の道」

中川口 Nakagawa-guchi
歌川広重 Utagawa Hiroshige
- source : hiroshi on facebook

- quote -
江戸時代の運河、小名木川
中川から江戸川までは新川を掘り、道三掘、小名木川、新川経由で行徳に至る、塩の道が完成しました。
- reference source : edokara.tokyo/conts... -

. Shinkawa 新川 Shinkawa "new river" .

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Iwate 岩手県

. Noda Kaido 野田街道 Noda Kaido .
shio no michi 塩の道 Salt road to transport the salt made in 塩釜 Shiogama via Noda to Morioka.
and
Shiogama Kaido 塩釜街道 Shiogama Highway to Sendai.

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Shiga 滋賀県

. Shiotsu Kaido 塩津街道 Shiotsu Highway .

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Tosa shio no michi 土佐塩の道 the salt road of Tosa

- reference -

The road is more than 400 years old and was used to transport salt from the sea near 海辺の町赤岡 Akaoka to the hamlets deep in the mountains.
A short trail is about 30 km, a longer trail about 60 km.

香南市観光協会 / 塩の道保存会 Konan City
- reference source : moritomidori.com/sasayaki... -

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

一里塚過ぎ日盛の塩の道　
ichirizuka sugi himori no shio no michi

past the milestone mound
the sun is high up in the sky
of the salt road

佐々木小夜 Sasaki Sayo

. ichirizuka 一里塚 milestone mound .

Shio ... Salt 　塩 and WASHOKU

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8/28/2019

Satsuma Kaido Highway

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
. Kaido 街道 Highways - ABC Index .
- Obi Kaido. see below -
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Satsuma Kaido 薩摩街道 Satsuma Highway
also known as
(Demizu Suji) 出水筋 Izumi Suji

source : uraken.net/chimei..miyazaki..

A road connecting 日向 Hyuga, a port city in 宮崎県 Miyazaki with 鹿児島城 Kagoshima castle (of the Satsuma clan).
From the castle town 佐土原城下 Sadowara via 高岡 Takaoka, 浦之名 Uranomyo, 去川の関所 the barrier station at Sarukawa, 国見峠 the Kunimi Toge pass, 有水 Arimizu, 桜木 Sakuragi to 都城 Miyakonojo.
Around 1500 the 伊東氏 Ito clan had taken over 三俣院 Mitsumata-In and reigned over 都於郡 the Tonokori area (now 西都市 Saito city).
The road was used to transport army supplies and merchandise.

薩摩街道（出水筋）マップ （いずみすじ）Izumi suji
Connecting 薩摩藩の鹿児島城 Kagoshima castle of the Satsuma clan with
肥後藩の熊本城 the Kumamoto castle in Higo.
Mainly used for 参勤交代 Sankin Kotai to Edo.

- - postal stations along the Izumi Suji 出水筋
00 山家（やまえ）宿（福岡県筑紫野市） Yamae - starting point
01 松崎（まつざき）宿（福岡県小郡市）- Matsuzaki
02 府中（ふちゅう）宿（福岡県久留米市）- Fuchu
03 羽犬塚（はいぬづか）宿（福岡県筑後市）- Hainuzuka
04 瀬高（せたか）宿（福岡県みやま市）- Setaka
05 原町（はらまち）宿（福岡県みやま市）- Haramachi
06 南関（なんかん）宿（熊本県玉名郡南関町）- Nankan
07 山鹿（やまが）宿（熊本県山鹿市）- Yamaga
08 . Mitori Shimachi 味取新町 .
09 熊本（くまもと）宿（熊本県熊本市）- Kumamoto
10 河尻（かわしり）宿（熊本県熊本市）- Kawashiri
11 宇土（うと）宿（熊本県宇土市）- Uto
12 小川（おがわ）宿（熊本県宇城市）- Ogawa
13 八代（やつしろ）宿（熊本県八代市）- Yatsushiro
14 日奈久（ひなく）宿（熊本県八代市）- Hinaku
15 佐敷（さしき）宿（熊本県葦北郡芦北町）- Sashiki
16 陳町（ちんまち）宿（熊本県水俣市）- Chinmachi
17 出水（いずみ）宿（鹿児島県出水市）- Izumi
18 阿久根（あくね）宿（鹿児島県阿久根市）- Akune
19 向田（むこうだ）宿（鹿児島県薩摩川内市）- Mukoda
20 串木野（くしきの）宿（鹿児島県いちき串木野市）- Kushikino
21 市来（いちき）宿（鹿児島県いちき串木野市）- Ichiki
22 伊集院（いじゅういん）宿（鹿児島県日置市）- Ijuin
23 鹿児島（かごしま）宿（鹿児島県鹿児島市）Kagoshima
XX 鹿児島城（鶴丸城）（鹿児島県鹿児島市） Kagoshima castle - end point
- wikipedia -

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- - - Kita-Satsuma no Kodo 北薩摩の古道
木場茶屋駅から袋駅まで

- - - Ichiki Kushikino いちき串木野市

- reference source : pref.kagoshima.jp/am01/chiiki... -

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Okuchi Suji 大口筋
From Kagoshima North via 吉田 Yoshida, 白銀坂 Shiraganezaka slope, 重富 Shigetomi, 帖佐 Chosa, over the border pass to 加治木 Kajiki (present-day 姶良市 Aira city),
At Kajiki is a branch road to Takaoka.
On to 龍門司坂 Rymonjizaka slope to 溝辺 Mizonobe (present-day 霧島市 Kirishima city) to
Okuchi (present-day 伊佐市 Isa city).
An important trading road in the Edo period. Parts through the mountain forests were kept about 7 m wide for horses to pass each other and laid out with cobblestones, finished in 1635.

Hitoyoshi Kaido 人吉街道 / Hitoyoshi Okan 人吉往還
another name for the 大口筋 Okuchi Suji

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Takaoka Suji 高岡筋（東目筋 Higashime Suji）
Branching off from the Okuchi Suji at 加治木 Kajiki and on to Takaoka (present-day 宮崎市 Miyazaki city).
Now National Highway Nr. 10.
From Takaoka a road extended to 佐土原城 Sadowara castle.

- quote -
Sadowara Castle in Miyazaki Prefecture
was a Yamajiro, mountaintop castle, first built during the Nanboku-Cho period (1334-1394) by the Tajima clan. Like most castles of the period, the mountain used, Mt. Kakusho, was shaved flat in terraced sections to create the various baileys, or kuruwa, and while there were various structures and defensive works built at the top, and around the mountain, the lords main living quarters and administrative offices were located at the foot of the mountain.
The Tajima lost Sadowara Castle to Miyazaki prefectures mighty Ito clan around 1427. The Ito clan remained in Sadowara until 1537, when much of the castle was destroyed in a fire, forcing the Ito to relocate to Miyazaki castle for 5 years until repairs could be completed.
In 1568, they returned to Sadowara,
making it their main base castle. The Ito lost the castle to the Otomo clan in 1577, and they in turn lost it in 1579 when the Shimazu clan took control. Upon the death of lord Shimazu Iehisa, he was succeeded by Shimazu Toyohisa. After Toyohisa’s death in the battle of Sekigahara in 1600, Sadowara became Tokugawa property, and in 1693, despite their previous opposition to the Tokugawa, Toyohisa’s cousin became castellan.
The castle underwent an expansion in 1610,
when a three story keep, Yagura watchtowers and stronger gates were constructed. The remains of the castle keep show it to have been about 11m X 12m in size. During excavations, parts of a shachihoko, the tiger-fish roof ornament gracing castles and temples was discovered. This shows that a set of 50cm wide, 80cm high, gold covered shachihoko ornaments once graced the keep’s roof. .....
- source : samurai-world.com/sadowara-castle... -

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- quote -
Miyakonojō city 都城市, a modern city founded in 1924.
- History
Miyakonojō is known as the birthplace of the Shimazu Estate, the largest shōen (estate or manor) of medieval Japan.
In the 1020s, a powerful official named Taira no Suemoto developed a small manor named Shimazu-in. Expanded substantially in the first half of the 12th century, it eventually covered large portions of Satsuma, Ōsumi and Hyūga Provinces. In 1185, Koremune no Tadahisa was appointed as jitō of the Shimazu Estate and thereafter claimed the clan name of Shimazu. It is said that one of Tadahisa's residences, called Iwayoshi Gosho, was located at Miyakonojō.
Between the Muromachi period and Edo period, the Hōngō family, which was a branch family of the Shimazus, controlled the area. After the Boshin War, it became one of the cities to abolish the han system. In 1871, it became a prefecture for a year.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

- quote -
The Satsuma kaidô, or Satsuma Highway, was a road, roughly 100 km in length, which ran through Satsuma province to the border with Higo province. It was a major commercial thoroughfare, and was used for a variety of purposes, including as one of the main routes used by the Shimazu clan as the first (and last) leg of their sankin kôtai missions to Edo.
The road began at Shimomachi fudatsuji in Kagoshima
(today the site of the parking lot of the eastern branch building of Kagoshima City Hall), and ran past the 1000 koku riding grounds (Sengoku baba), through Nishida-bashi, the port of Ichiki, Mukôda, Akune, and Demizu, before arriving at Noma-seki at the border with Higo province. Stone markers were arranged every ri (roughly four km) along the route, and much of the route was lined with pine trees, which provided shelter from sun and rain.
- source : samurai-archives.com... -

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Obi Kaido 飫肥街道 Obi Highway

Now National Route 222 and part of 27, connecting 飫肥城下 the castle town of Obi (modern 日南市 Nichinan city) and 清武 Kiyotake (都城市 Miyakonojō).

飫肥城 Obi castle

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飫肥街道 ― 歩く感じる江戸時代
前田博仁 Maeda Hiroto

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Obi Kaido and 人吉街道 Hitoyoshi Kaido

飫肥街道と人吉街道鵜戸神宮・宮崎神宮・球磨川もうひとつの街道五箇庄への道佐敷・人吉・宮崎

- Places visited
●八代海●佐敷○佐敷城○青井阿蘇神社●人吉●球磨川○人吉城●免田●多良木○精蓮寺●湯前○城泉寺●目良西都○南方神社○西都原古墳群○国分寺○巨田神社●佐土原○大光寺○阪本寺●宮崎○宮崎神宮●鵜戸○鵜戸神宮●飫肥○飫肥城○振徳堂

contents 目次
●街道ギャラリー
神話や古の民俗芸能の息づく九州山地をゆく
●飫肥街道人物探訪
九州の戦国時代と島津四兄弟
●街道物語
●人吉城今昔
●街道聞き語り
前方後円墳が語りかける3～6世紀のヤマトと九州
●伝統の味と技
球磨の自然と良米からつくられる球磨焼酎
●もうひとつの街道五箇庄への道　
●飫肥街道と人吉街道の名宿・名店
●街道歳時記
- reference source : kaidoaruki.com... hitoyoshi... -

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The former Hyuga province 日向国 was also called
日州（にっしゅう）Nisshu
向州（こうしゅう）Koshu

- quote -
Hyūga Province (日向国 Hyūga no kuni)
- History
In the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki,
Hyūga is called Kumaso Province (熊曽国 Kumaso no kuni) of Tsukushi-no-shima (Kyushu), along the provinces of Tsukushi, Toyo and Hi.
In the 3rd month of the 6th year of the Wadō era (713), the land of Hyūga was administratively separated from Ōsumi Province (大隈国). In that same year, Empress Genmei's Daijō-kan continued to organize other catastral changes in the provincial map of the Nara period.
During the Sengoku period,
the area was often divided into a northern fief around Agata castle (near modern 延岡 Nobeoka), and a southern fief around Obi castle, near modern Nichinan. The southern fief was held by the Shimazu clan of nearby Satsuma for much of the period. The Itō clan held control of Hyuga until it was conquered by the Shimazu in 1578.
Higashisoo District (東囎唹郡)
Koyu District (児湯郡)
Morokata District (諸県郡)
Naka District (那珂郡)
Usuki District (臼杵郡)
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.................................................................................　Miyazaki 宮崎県
飫肥 Obi

. daija, orochi 大蛇 the huge serpent, great snake .
In a valley of 日州飫肥 Obi a man went to get firewood in the mountain forest and was chased by a huge serpent. He also saw a cat and a serpent have a fight.
If someone tries to shoot the huge serpent with an arrow, he will be cursed.

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. hinotama, hi no tama 火の玉と伝説 Legends about fire balls .
When a person dies, his soul becomes a fire ball and flies away out of the roof.

- - - - -

. kumo 蜘蛛と伝説 Legends about spiders / Spinnen .
If a spider is seen leaving from the body of an ill person, it means his soul has left the body.

- - - - -

. ryuujin 竜神 /龍神と伝説 Ryujin, Legends about the Dragon Deity .
In the 井津 Itsu hamlet of 日州飫肥領 the Obi domaine there was an island called 児島 Kojima.
Since olden times 弁財天 Benzaiten and 虚空蔵 Kokuzo were venerated there (seen as incarnations of Ryujin).
In former times the island was connected to the mainland, but once during a heavy rainfall the land was swept away. The local fishermen in trouble, because they had lost some fishing grounds. One day a fisherman went to a temple of the Zen sect and asked the priest for advise. The priest wanted to help and gave the fisherman a letter. The fisherman took this letter, wrapped it around a stone and threw it into the sea. That night there was a strong thunderstorm and much rain and next morning the land was back in place.
The letter must have contained a prayer to Kokuzo.

. Benten 弁天と伝説 Legends about Benten, Benzaiten .

. Kokūzō 虚空蔵菩薩 Kokuzo Bosatsu .

- - - - -

. udonge 優曇華 / ウドンゲと伝説 Legends about Udonge flowers .
If someone sees the Udonge flowers in a dream, he is going to die soon.

- - - - -

boorei 亡霊 a ghost
The lord of 清武城 Kiyotake castle, 稲津重政 Inazu Shigemasa (1574 - 1602), had falsely been accused by the Lord of Obi, so he and his wife 雪江 Yukie commited suicide.
They were buried at the side of togamezuka 咎塚 a special mound for criminals. At night the ghosts of the couple would come out, flew over to the harbour and destroyed the ships of the Obi domaine.
The people did not know what to do, but eventually buried them in the middle of the special mound, from where they could not see the harbour.
Since then all was quiet again.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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