Edo - the EDOPEDIA -

4/23/2018

Teppozu district Akashi Ginza

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
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Teppoozu　鉄砲洲 Teppozu district
Chuo ward, Akashi cho, Minato　中央区明石町湊

su 洲 (-zu in compound words) is a kind of sandbank or island in a river.
Between the river Sumidagawa near its estuary and river Kyobashigawa 京橋川 there was a long Su, the Teppozu.
Right opposite was Tsukudajima　佃島.
The name refers the thin long shape of the island, looking like a teppo 鉄砲 gun to the inhabitants of Edo.
There were many Daimyo Yashiki estates in Teppozu.

- - - - - Fujizuka Mound in Teppozu

. Fujizuka, Fuji-zuka 富士塚 Mound to honor Mount Fujisan .

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Hiroshige 広重
東都名所之内　鉄砲州佃真景 Toto meisho no uchi Teppozu Tsukuda shinkei

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The name of Teppozu is said to originate either from the fact that the sandbars were long and narrow, like the shape of a rifle, or because of the test firing of artillery. It is said that at the time a Fujizuka (mound made in the image of Mt. Fuji) was constructed in Minatoinari Shrine (present day Teppozu Inari-jinja Shrine) and Mt. Fuji could be viewed from here. Ships from various regions entered the port at Teppozu, so the shrine was revered as a god of safety on the sea for ship passengers. In the Meiji Era it was moved approximately 100 meters to the southwest.
- source : National Diet Library -

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In the grounds of Teppozu Shrine (Minato, Chuo Ward), is Fujizuka (Fuji mound – a miniature Mt. Fuji), which was put together with lava rocks carried from Mt. Fuji. Many people come to make pilgrimages (or Fuji-mode) to this small-sized Fuji.

Utagawa Toyokuni III and Utagawa Hiroshige II 1864 (Genji 1)
Thirty-six Views of the Pride of Edo-Pilgrimage to Teppozu Inari Fuji Shrine
(Edo Jiman Sanjūrokkyō Teppōzu Inari Fuji Mōde)

The 'Mountain Opening' of Mt. Fuji took place on the first day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar and on this day, the people of Edo burnt incense in front of their homes and worship the mountain. Mt. Fuji was revered as a deity since times past and in the Edo period, there were gatherings of mountain worshippers in various locations which were called 'Fuji-kō' and the adherents made pilgrimages to the mountain and this is called Fuji-mode. There were also man made Mt. Fujis here and there in the city and so Edo residents could go on Fuji-mode without having to go all the way to the real mountain.
The Teppozu Inari Shrine pictured here is one of these and is famous along with Komagome, Asakusa, Yotsuya and Fukagawa. In the picture, a figure holding a parasol can be seen half way up the mountainside in the background of a man-made Fuji. The young girl in the foreground is holding a straw snake and in around the Hōei period (1704 to 1711), these were sold as charms against diseases in Fujizuka in Komagome and after this they were sold in various locations during the Mt. Fuji Festival.
- source : library.metro.tokyo.jp/portals...

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Shrine Teppozu Inari Jinja 鐵砲洲稲荷神社
This shrine was founded in 841.
The protector deity for the local residents - ubusuna no kami 産土神 was established in 1554
生成太神(いなりのおおかみ) Inari no Ookami

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This shrine, close to the banks of the Sumida River, traces its origins back to a shrine constructed nearby in 1520, while it has been in its current location since 1642.
Besides being the site of a number of interesting festivals throughout the year (including one that sees participants taking a dip in a pool on the second Sunday in January), arguably the main attraction is next to the actual shrine. Here, you'll find a mini Mount Fuji constructed from rocks carried from Fujisan itself by devotees, as part of an old tradition of worshipping the great mountain.
- source : timeout.com/tokyo/attractions... -

- Deities in residence
稚産霊神（わくむすびのかみ）Wakumusubi no Kami
豊受比売神（とようけひめのかみ）Toyoukehime no Kami
宇迦之御魂神（うがのみたまのかみ）Uganomitama no Kami

- HP of the Shrine
- reference source : teppozujinja.or.jp... -

. Shrine 新富稲荷神社 Shintomi Inari Jinja .

Inaribashi bridge 稲荷橋 Hiroshige

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前野良沢 Maeno Ryotaku (1723 - 1803)
was born in the residence of the 奥平 Okudaira family at Edo Teppozu.

also known as 前野蘭化 Maeno Ranka
known as one of the most active in learning the Dutch language, reading and translating Dutch materials, and organizing opportunities for others to learn the language.
He studied with Yoshio Kôsaku, and was active in Rangaku circles of his time.
In his Kanrei higen (1777),
Maeno writes of the virtue of European nations, and of the importance of the quality of a culture's religious teachings in ensuring peace and prosperity. He writes of the success of the spread of Christianity as evidence for the value of Christianity as a moralizing agent, and asserts that while China has seen numerous violent coups, no European ruler has ever taken power by violent usurpation. He never published his Kanrei higen for fear of running afoul of the shogunate, but manuscripts circulated among other Rangaku scholars, physicians, and translators.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. Medicine in Edo .

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

. kanchuu suiyoku 寒中水浴 midwinter bathing .
- - kigo for mid-winter - -
Teppozu Inari Shrine 鐵砲洲稲荷神社, Chuo-ku, Tokyo
January 12
Men wearing only loincloths pour purifying water over themselves.

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神輿追ひ銀座新富明石町
mikoshi oi Ginza Shintomi Akashi choo

carrying Mikoshi
Ginza Shintomi
Akashi
Tr. Gabi Greve

愛澤豊嗣 Aizawa Toyotsugu

. mikoshi神輿、御輿 portable shrine .
kigo for all summer

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4/22/2018

Tateishi village Katsushika

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Tateishimura 立石村 Tateishi Mura Village
Katsushika ward, Tateishi 8th district　葛飾区立石8丁目

. Katsushika 葛飾区 Katsushika-ku - Introduction .

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Tateishi is a neighborhood in Katsushika, Tokyo, Japan.
The name derives from a tiny stone monument called Tateishi-sama (立石様), located at 8-37 Tateishi.
With its retro-chic shopping streets and small, back-street workshops and factories, the area retains an atmosphere associated with Tokyo's earthy Shitamachi ("downtown") neighborhoods. Katsushika Ward Office, is located at 5-13-1 Tateishi.
Tateishi
is situated on the west bank of the Nakagawa, a river, about 3 km south of the Kameari area known to many through the manga Kochira Katsushika-ku Kameari Kōen-mae Hashutsujo.
The Higashi-Tateishi ("east Tateishi") neighborhood lies to the south of Tateishi. Tateishi Nakamise (立石仲見世), an old-fashioned shopping street near the railway station, was started soon after World War II ended.
Until around 1980, Tateishi was home to numerous small, family-owned factories, though many of these have since closed and small apartment houses now occupy many of their former sites. The neighborhood's chief industries include dyeing works and doll manufacturing.

Tateishi ("standing stone")
derives its name from a standing stone addressed by locals as Tateishi-sama, sama being a suffix indicating respect.
The stone has been at its present location for at least 600 years and is thought to have been carried and erected here given that the area is on alluvial soil. Locals began to worship the stone as an embodiment of the deity Inari during the Edo period (ca. 1600–1868), hence the sama in the name. The stone is reputed to have once had a height of 8-24 inches (approximately 20 to 60 cm), but today it stands only 1 inch above ground level due to the effects of floods, subsidence, and breakage by locals who wanted to use a piece of the stone as a talisman against disease or getting shot in battle.
- source : wikipedia

. Kameari 亀有 Kameari district - Katsushika .

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Edo Meisho Zue 　立石様　Tateishi Sama

Three people, obviously travelers, have come from afar to crap off a bit from the stone and took it home as an amulet.

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Tateishi Nanzō-in Temple Kumano Shrine 立石南蔵院熊野祠

Nanzō-in Temple, in Tateishi, Katsushika Ward, is affiliated with the Buzan school of Shingon Buddhism and also known as Gohō-zan Risshaku-ji Temple, it is said to have been stablished as an annex of the Kumano Shrine during the Chōho era (999-1004).
During the Edo period, it was also used as a dining place when the Shogun practiced falconry.
- source : Tokyo Metropolitan Museum -

. Nanzooin 南蔵院 Nanzo-In .
板橋区蓮沼町４８－８ // Itabashi, Hasunuma cho 48-8

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Tateishi: Artisan and Merchant Quarters During the Edo Period

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There are quite a few notable areas in Tokyo for an evening out or a taste of some delicious street food, but most visitors and hardly any locals know of this tucked away location only 15 minutes from Asakusa. Tateishi flys pretty low on the radar, and upon first glance it might seem the lack of reputation is well deserved, but Tateishi has held on to some truly unique and tasty shops over the years.
Located in the Shitamachi area,
Tateishi literally means “standing stone,” a name derived from a stone that protrudes out from the ground at a nearby shrine. The stone has been worshipped for over 600 years and today only a small portion remains above the ground. The Shitamachi area was home to merchants and artisans during the Edo period, although after the economic boom, Shitamachi struggled to hang on to the traditions and culture of Japan. Because of this the area today feels a far cry away from that of the more popular areas of Tokyo, but the residents of Shitamachi like it that way, or so I have been told.
- - - - - Tateishi Nakamise Shopping Street
Exiting the Keisei Tateishi train station it is quite easy to find the Tateishi Nakamise Shopping Street. A large sign hangs above the covered entrance, and shops line either side of the boulevard. This shopping street was originally opened as a black market in post-war Japan in 1954 and has remained a celebrated location for the local culture since then. The shopping area boasts five different shopping streets, each with its own unique vibe. The largest by far is also the most modern, but right next door you can find a smaller alleyway with standing room only restaurants and deli-style buffets. Outside the station, a tiny window shop sells croquettes to waiting customers, and next door cuts of fresh meat are displayed in the small smudged windows of a butcher. A line of people waits outside a popular ramen restaurant, while three men sit on stools, the only thing visible through the half curtains are their backs poking out of the dimly lit restaurant while they enjoy their meal.
You can find places like this in central Tokyo,
but rarely with so much gruff charm. It is easy to see that the people here have furiously held on to the Shitamachi culture that made this place what it was. Today it may seem somewhat sparse at first glance, but if you are interested in finding the truly hidden gems and forgotten places of Japan, look no further than Tateishi.

- - - - - Nonbe-Yokocho: Tateishi’s Drinking Alley
Just across the train tracks from Tateishi’s Nakamise Shopping area, and somewhat tucked away between the buildings you can find the popular drinking alleys in Tateishi. While they may look somewhat frightening and broken down in the daylight, I have heard that in the evening these tiny bars come alive. There are two main streets comprising Nonbe-Yokocho, each one just as narrow and fascinating as the other. I have heard that the interior of these small drinking holes outstrips the exterior appearance. If you happen to be in the area, or if you decide to make a trip to Shitamachi to see the sights, make sure to stop by Tateishi in the evening for a quick meal and a drink.
- source : voyapon.com/old-tokyo-tateishi... -

. Shitamachi 下町 - Introduction .

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

.................................................................................　Katsushika 葛飾区　

At the field of the village headman of Tateishi village, there was suddenly a round stone of about 30 cm in the field. He wanted to dig it out, but it was deep in the ground and he left it that day, going home to sleep. Next morning, the stone looked out of the ground for about 30 cm, so the headman thought this must be a good omen and covered it with earth.
But again, next morning the stone was up 30 cm.
So he built a stone sanctuary for Inari on top of it and begun to worship here.
This is the origin of the village named Tateishi in Edo.

立石稲荷神社石祠 Tateishi Inari Jinja Stone Sanctuary

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- reference : nichibun yokai database -

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4/20/2018

Horikiri district Iris Park

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Horikiri district 掘切 "digging a moat"
Horikiri mura 掘切村 Horikiri village

A district in . Katsushika ward 葛飾区 .

During the Kamakura period,
the land between the rivers 江戸川 Edogawa and 中川 Nakagawa belonged to the clan of
葛西三郎 / 葛西清重 Kasai Saburo Kiyoshige (1161 - 1238).
The land was more of a swamp in constant danger of floodings.
One of Kasai's retainers, 御城蔵人正房 Oshiro Kurando Masafusa had his castle built there,
with a moat around it, but it was later abandoned.
The place was also called 御城地（みじょうち）Mijo-Chi.
In the Muromachi period, remains of the old moats were found and the area got the name "Horikiri".
In the Edo period, villagers begun to use the swamps to plant flowers that need a lot of water.
A gardener named 伊左衛門 Izaemon collected iris seeds from all parts of Japan.
His son continued the collection and by 1835, they grew more than 180 different types.

The area became quite famous for its Iris during the Edo period and many visitors came.

Nakagawa 中川 Naka-gawa, Naka River

is a river that flows from Hanyu, Saitama to Edogawa, Tokyo. There it merges with the Arakawa River
The river is 83.7 kilometres long.

. Sakasai no watashi 逆井の渡し The Ferry Crossing at Sakasai .
across 中川 the river Nakagawa.

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Nakagawa 中川釣鱚 Sillago fishing . . . kisu 鱚 sillago

- Print by Hasegawa Settan 1834-1836
During the Edo period, fishing was established as an entertainment culture. Goby fishing in fall and Sillago fishing in spring and fall were especially popular, and various fishing guide books or books of fishing secrets were published.
- source : Tokyo Metropolitan Library -

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Famous Places in Edo, Hundred Beautiful Women, Horikiri Shōbu
(Edo Meisho Hyaku-nin Bijo Horikiri Shōbu)

The iris is an essential flower for the Tango Festival. Irises were like a protective amulet to the people of Edo who feared epidemics and diseases in the run up to summer and the practices of drinking iris sake as well as submerging oneself in iris bath were carried out in the belief that it would also dispel evil and have an effect against poisoning from snakes and insects.
It is not known when irises were brought to Horikiri.

Hiroshige

A marshy area where a branch of the 綾瀬川 Ayase-gawa River flows, it is perfect for cultivation of the Japanese iris. At the beginning of the 19th century, the farmer Iza'emon began cultivation of the Japanese iris, and at the end of the Edo Period, a wide variety of iris plants thrived and bloomed here. This created iris gardens which many of the people of Edo came to see.

It is said by some that Shogen Miyata, the retainer of an estate steward of the area, Taneo Kubodera in the Muromachi period, had irises brought from the Asaka marsh (present day Koriyama City, Fukushima Prefecture) and started cultivating them and it is also said by some that during the Bunka period (1804-1818), a local farmer called Izaemon was interested in irises and received varieties including 'juni-hitoe' from Rokusaburo Mannen, the local hatamoto, 'hagoromo' and 'tatsutagawa' from the iris lover Sakingo Matsudaira, and began cultivating the irises.

Toyokuni

- source : library.metro.tokyo.jp/portals... -

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The district is famous to our day for its 堀切菖蒲園 Iris Park.

Utagawa Hiroshige (1797 - 1858)

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The village of Horikiri was known for producing flowers for the Edo market.
While the gardeners of Horikiri grew a year-round variety of flowers, the fame of the place derived from the flower represented here, a type of iris known as hanashōbu that was ideally suited to the area’s swampy land. In the immediate foreground are three carefully detailed specimens. In the distance, sightseers from Edo may be seen admiring the blossoms. Hiroshige noted that so many lovely women from Edo came to view the blossoms that it was difficult to distinguish which were the real flowers.
- source : artsandculture.google.com/asset

Utagawa Toyokuni 3rd. 三代歌川豊国 - 堀切菖蒲花盛図

Katsushika Hokusai (1760 - 1849)

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

. Horikiri Shōbu 掘切菖蒲 .
- - kigo for Summer in Edo - -

. shoobu 菖蒲 Shobu iris .
- kigo for mid-Summer -
hanashoobu 花菖蒲 Iris Flower,Iris　ensata
shoobu mi 菖蒲見（しょうぶみ）viewing Shobu
shobu ta 菖蒲田（しょうぶた）field with Shobu

shoobu en 菖蒲園（しょうぶえん）Shobu-En, Shobu park, Iris Park

The long leaves of the iris (shoobu) reminded the Samurai of their swords.
The word SHOOBU　勝負 also means a fight, usually to the death.

***** . seasonal festival of the iris .
菖蒲の節句 shoobu no sekku
The Boy's Festival on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, now May 5.

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Other villages in Edo with the word hori, -bori - moat, canal

. hori 堀 moat and districts with this name .

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Shobu Daruma 菖蒲達磨 for good luck
陶志郎 by Toshiro

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

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- - - - - #edohorikiri #horikiri #katsushika #shobuiris #irispark - - - -
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4/18/2018

Kunitachi Yaho Yabo

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
- - - - - for Yaho, see below
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Kunitachi town 国立市

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Kunitachi (国立市 Kunitachi-shi)
is a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 February 2016, the city had an estimated population of 75,867, and a population density of 9,310 persons per km². Its total area is 8.15 square kilometres (3.15 sq mi).
Kunitachi is located in the Musashino Terrace of central Tokyo Metropolis. Kunitachi is known for its broad main avenue, Daigaku Dori (University Avenue). This cherry-tree-lined boulevard stretches from Kunitachi Station on the Chūō Main Line toward the banks of the Tama River.
- - - - - History
Kunitachi lies along the historical Kōshū Kaidō, a route that connected Edo with Kofu in the province of Kai (present-day Yamanashi Prefecture).
The modern villages of Yaho, 青柳村 Aoyagi and 石田村 Ishida were created within Tama District of Kanagawa Prefecture during the establishment of the municipalities system on April 1, 1889. The district was transferred from Kanagawa to Tokyo in 1893.
The three villages were merged to form Kunitachi town in 1951. Kunitachi was elevated to city status on January 1, 1967.
- source : wikipedia

- reference source : city.kunitachi.tokyo.jp... -

. Kōshū Kaidō 甲州街道 Koshu Kaido Highway .

. Musashi no Kuni 武蔵国 Musashi Province .

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Yaho district 谷保（やほ）　/ （やぼ Yabo)
With the sub-districts 大字谷保 Daigaku Yaho, 谷保六丁目, 谷保七丁目 Yaho 6 and 7

In the 保谷地区 Hoya region of South-Eastern Tokyo there was a bad harvest for a long time and the farmers suffered a lot. So they moved on to this area trying to cultivate new fields. In order not to forget their old home, Hoya, they named the new area Yabo, bus soon changed it to Yaho.
yabo can also be spelled 野暮 and means boorishness, so they changed the reading.
The local shrine is still often called Yabo Tenmangu.

谷保天満宮 Shrine Yabo Tenmangu
Kunitachi, Yaho, 5209

Yabo Tenman-gū claims to be the oldest Shinto shrine in the Kantō region dedicated to Tenjin,
the deified Sugawara no Michizane, having been built in 903 AD by Michizane’s third son.
- source : wikipedia -

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Yaho Tenjin-no-yashiro 谷保天神社

Kunitachi was named for its location, situated between Kokubun-ji and Tachikawa.
In the Edo period, this area was called Yaho or Yabo.
It is said that Yaho Tenjin Shrine is the oldest Tenmangū (= Tenjin) in Eastern Japan
and also known as one of the 3 greatest Tenjin in the Kanto Region, along with Kameido and Yushima Tenmangū.
In Japanese, an extremely boorish person is called 野暮天 "yaboten"
and this is also famous as a shrine which this word comes from.
- source : Tokyo Metropolitan Library -

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Shimizu-no-tateba teahouse 清水立場

There once was a rest place called Shimizu-no-tateba
just down the hill from 谷保天神社 Yaho Tenjin-no-yashiro Shrine.
This area boasts one of the best water springs in Yaho and it is said that in summer,
people treated travelers coming and going on the Kōshū Highway under the burning sun
with soba and somen noodles dipped in the cold-water spring.
- source : Tokyo Metropolitan Library -

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The history of Kunitachi
has its origin in the time when people began to live around Yabo Tenmangu.
A lot of ancient stone artifacts and potteries were found and ancient tombs and shell mounds remain there. Geologically Kunitachi is bordered on the south by Fuchu and on the north by Kokubunji. There was an ancient provincial government office in the Fuchu area. In Kokubunji, there is a ruin of a temple, which is one of the temples constructed by the request of Emperor Shomu in 741. From the names of the cities Fuchu and Kokubunji; “fu” meaning the center of politics and “ji” a temple, we can easily assume that people have started to live in the area, Musashi no Kuni, from a long time ago and Kunitachi has been one of the main regions.
Yabo Tenmangu
is a venerable Shinto shrine dedicated to SUGAWARA Michizane . In about five minutes’ walk from JR Yaho station, you come to see a big shrine gate. Yabo Tenmangu is the oldest among three well-known shrines, Yushima, Kameido, and Yabo Tenmangu. Soon after SUGAWARA Michizane (the god of wisdom) was exiled to Dazaifu, his third son SUGAWARA Michitake was said to be also exiled and lived in Yabo . When his father died, he enshrined a wooden figure of his father in Tenjinjima near Fuchu city in 903, and that is the origin of Yabo Tenmangu, according to the Tenmangu. The ancestors of Michitake began to use a family name Tsunotono. In the Kamakura period, Saburou Tamemori Tsunotono, who was a disciple of Honen (a founder of Jodo-shu), entered the priesthood and became the priest of Yabo Tenmangu. The shrine building was later moved to the present location.
You may wonder
why the son of SUGAWARA Michizane had to be sent to Yabo. That might be because the east part of Japan, where Yabo is located, then was less advanced compared to the western part. Among relatively insignificant regions of the east Japan, Musashi no Kuni was fairly developed and Yabo was the center there.
Yabo Tenmangu
is a precious historical shrine as is described above. The long history of the shrine, more than one thousand years, creates the serene and divine atmosphere around the area, contrasting the bustling of towns in the north of Kunitachi city. There are some festivals hold throughout a year and many people come to join them. For example, about one hundred thousand people pay a visit to the shrine on a new year’s day, after listening to seventy seven times of taiko drumming in a row at midnight. Every year in Kunitachi city, Yabo Tenmangu’s taiko sound signals the beginning of a new year. People walk into the shrine to pray for the peace of the new year. It’s a nice place to stroll around seasonally. You may run into some sweet bantams, which use the shrine as their home. The solemn building of the shrine never fails to captivate your heart.
Yabo was part of Fuchu
until the beginning of the Edo period and agricultural area for people to live in. There were only few affluent farmers who owned the lands and the rest were mostly peasants who worked for them. Now we introduce some seasonal practices and festivals held at home. They have been handed down to generations in Yabo and are all vital parts of the life in Yabo.
- Festivals
1. Cocoon ball decoration on tree (on January 10)
2. Making diamond shaped mochi (on March 3)
3. Boy’s day (on May 5)
4. Summer/Fall festivals, Shishimai (Lion dance) and Buddhist lantern festival (August 25 ～September 25)
5. Full moon night festival (on September 15)
6. Okagarabi (on November 3) fire festival
7. Making Shimenawa (on December 20)
We had a glimpse of some annual events and festivals in Yaho area. Now take a look at how Yaho, the old and historical village of farmers, turned into Kunitachi, a modern town with universities. It was the end of the Edo era and Japan was about to go through dramatic changes in many aspects of our lives in the Meiji Restoration.
- more on this page
- source : kunitachikagen.com...-

. Sugawara Michizane　菅原道真 (845 - 903) .

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

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3/28/2018

Itsukaichi Kaido Highway Ina

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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .
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Itsukaichi Kaido Highway 五日市街道

. Kaido 日本の街道 The Ancient Highways of Japan .

Along the highway were a lot of nashi 梨 Japanese pear trees.
A famous town on this road was Ina-Ichi　伊奈市 "Market at Ina".
Akiruno shi あきる野市 Ina 伊奈
It was such a busy town in the Edo period, the highway was sometimes even called
Ina Kaidoo 伊奈街道 Ina Highway.

The name INA dates back to a town of this name in Shinano (Nagano 長野県 Ina　伊那市).
A lot of stone masons from Shinano moved closer to Edo, using their old town name, written with different characters, 伊奈.
The stone masons from Ina produced a lot of the stones used to built the stone walls of Edo castle.
They also produced ishi-usu 石臼 stone mills, a necessary tool for the farmers of the Edo period.

. Ina Hanzaemon Tadanobu 伊奈半左衛門忠順 .

manhole from 伊奈町 Ina Machi

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Itsukaichi (五日市町 Itsukaichi-machi) was a town located in Nishitama District, Tokyo Metropolis, Japan.
Itsukaichi Town, a medieval settlement, was promoted to town status within Kanagawa Prefecture in 1879, and merged witrh Konakano Village on April 1, 1889. The entire district was transferred to the administrative control of Tokyo Metropolis on April 1, 1893.
The town expanded through annexation of the neighboring villages of Mitsusato and Meiji in 1918, and with Masuko, Tokura and Komiya in 1955.
In 1995, the town of Itsukaichi merged with the city of 秋川 Akigawa (Akikawa) to form the new city of あきる野 Akiruno, and thus no longer exists as an independent municipality.
- source : wikipedia

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Itsukaichi-kaido was and is just a local road and stretches over mere 52 km.
It braches off from Oume-kaido at Koenji-minami and leads to Itsukaichi, now a part of Akiruno city in the west of the prefecture Tokyo.
Itsukaichi-kaido was constructed in the early Edo Period as a route to transport charcoal produced in Akikawa valley to Edo - the capital of Tokugawa Shogunate and the present Tokyo.
The road was initially called 伊奈道 Ina-michi,
then in various ways such as Itsukaichi-michi, Oume-kaido waki-michi, Edo-michi, Koganei-michi and Sunagawa-michi.
Throughout the Edo period, it served as transport way for diverse agricultural products. It was also used by tourists who wanted to see cherry blossom in Koganei.
The present name Itsukaichi-kaido was fixed in the Meiji Period.
Its original width varied from place to place dependent on the capability of the communities along the road. Within the present Suginami-ward area, the road was as narrow as 3 ken (ca. 5.4m) in the eastern part and 8 ken (ca. 14.4m) in the western part. Itsukaichi-kaido was constructed mostly on a flat terrace land in the east-west direction. Only where it had to cross the valley of 善福寺川 Zenpukuji-gawa River and adjacent low swamp land at Ozaki, an extremely winding route had to be chosen to avoid steep slopes. Nevertheless the winding route was detrimental to smooth traffic and carts were often overthrown at a sharply bending corner or on a slope. Therefore, 七曲り "Ozaki-no-Nanamagari" (Seven windings at Ozaki) became notorious as a difficult section of the Itsukaichi-kaido.
Ozaki-no-Nanamagari stretches over ca. 1 km. If you drive through the new main street, you cannot notice much. But, even in the old side alley we can still find some interesting hangovers from the past.
- - Read more
- source : ocada.jp/tokyo/ozaki... -

source : ameblo.jp/mei03ck...

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Ono-juku was the first inn in Ina Kaido (Ina Way) which starts from Shiojiri-juku, Nakasendo highway and leads to Iida.
Until today, buildings with the look of what they used to be are carefully preserved.

Ono-juku Tonya (the Former Residence of the Ono Family)
The Ono family had been a village headman since the early modern period. Shortly after the early Nakasendo highway was closed, the Ono family became Toiyaba (administration office) of Ono-juku, Ina Kaido, and it continued until the last days of the Tokugawa regime. T
his is a private home rebuilt after the Great Fire of Ono in March, 1859. Its magnificent handsome view is suitable for the leading house in Ono-juku post station town.
- source : kankou.town.tatsuno.nagano.jp -

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根古屋村　Negoya　

根古屋村と記された石仏
峠のカーブ点に諏訪神社があり、傍らに馬頭観音が８体並び、地蔵さんだろうか、根古屋村と記された石仏もあった。
根古屋集落
- reference source : blog.goo.ne.jp/saikoroat/e -

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明治時代の幻の道「伊奈街道」
「伊奈街道」は伊那谷（大鹿）と富士川谷（切石）とをつなぐために明治5～6年に計画され、明治19年頃に完成した道幅２間（3m60cm）の広域道路である。伊那谷に駿河の海産物を運ぶことが主な目的とされた。

そのルートは、新倉から伝付峠を越えて大井川上流西俣を遡り、三伏峠を越えて大鹿村大河原へとつないでいる。長野県と山梨県の折半で費用が出され、関係する村からの人足によって工事がなされたという。伊那谷から身延山参りにいくらか利用されたらしいが、南アルプスの中央部を横断していて、保守管理がたいへんなため、数年で通れなくなってしまったらしい。
この「伊奈街道」の痕跡が一番よく残っているのが新倉広河原から伝付峠を経て二軒小屋へ至るルートである。村人の手で掘られた崖沿いの道など当時のことを思い浮かべながら歩くのも面白い。
- reference source : iida-museum.org/user/nature -

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chuuma no michi 中馬のみち Chuma "road for transport horses"

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信州の近代初期における馬の分布
Distribution of horses in the early modern period in Shinshu
The detail map for horse heads distribution during the early modern period was made fron the statistical records in vols. 1, 2, and 3 of 'Monograph of Nagano villages (1876)' that Nagano prefecture made on the request of Meiji government in 1875. The hearing investigation into horse feeding, foods and the gravestone before World War II was carried out in the city of Ina and the village of Minamiminowa between 2009 and 2013. The density of the horse population per village in the southern part of the prefecture was higher than that in the northern part, and, in particular, the villages fed many horses that were concentrated in the Ina valley.
'Cyu uma' 中馬 transit system by horse on the 'Ina kaido' in Ina valley had developed as one of the by-pass roots for free-carrier businesses, going against the wishes of the official institution in 'Naka sendo', which acted under the centralized administrative framework of the Edo era. The development of the carrier businesses and the biological advantages for the operations of transportation, forestry and agriculture under the rough mountainous landscape led to the development of a unique culture in the Ina valley. The people fed many horses, recognized them as members of the family, ate their meat and intestines, and built many tombs to appreciate their spirit as the Deity of Mercy to clean the every accidents and diseases as well as a mountain of weeds, grasses and wild plants in bush around village.
- reference source : 国立情報学研究所 (NII) -

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. 街道と伝説 Legends about the old Kaido highways .

長野県 Nagano, 阿智村 Achi village

amaoto, ama-oto 雨音 the sound of rain
A zatoo 座頭 blind minstrel lost his way on the Chuma Kaido, slipped and fell deep down a waterfall.
Since then before it starts to rain people can hear the sound of rain far away.

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Asuke Townscape 足助
A post town with beautifully contrasting white walls and black wooden fences

The Ina-kaido Road, which supported the livelihoods of common people in the Edo period, used to pass through Asuke. It is a side path of the Nakasendo, one of the Five Highways, and is said to have supported the livelihoods of common people by serving as a route for the delivery of Mikawa Bay's salt and seafood products to the Shinshu district.
"Asukejuku"　足助宿 flourished as a post town of the road, and still today, the characteristic warehouses with white plaster walls and black wooden fences remain, lining a roughly 2 km stretch of the road. It is dotted with nostalgic places such as Asuke Chumakan, a bank building in the Taisho Period; and Manrin Alley, which features beautiful white and black contrasts.
- source : japan-highlightstravel.com/en/travel -

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo　江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売　- Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

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